scholarly journals Mapping of Seawater Intrusion into Coastal Aquifer: A Case Study of Pekalongan Coastal Area in Central Java

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irham Sahana ◽  
Roh Santoso Budi Waspodo
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Distance Method ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Freshwater Zone ◽  
Logarithmic Equation

Seawater intrusion promotes the degradation of groundwater quality through excessive pumping activities or natural phenomena such as tidal floods which are popular with coastal areas. Pekalongan city is one of the areas affected by this phenomenon and was analyzed in this study with reference to the 1986 Ad Hoc Sea Water Intrusion (PAHIAA) Decree which classifies water into five based on salinity. This involved using the Integrated Distance Method (IDW) to map and applying the logarithmic equation to determine the dispersion relationship. The results showed seawater intrusion has already affected groundwater quality up to 6.52 km from the coastline for total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity and 7.22 km for chloride ion.  The distribution of TDS, EC, and Cl- in the freshwater zone was also recorded to have reached 28.59 km2, 28.36 km2, and 23.95 km2 respectively. It is predicted that in 4 years, there would no longer be freshwater in Padukuhan Kraton Village due to decreasing groundwater quality caused by seawater intrusion. Furthermore, 23.03 km2 Pekalongan area which spread into 4.34 km2 to the West, 0 km2 to the South, 14.39 km2 to the North, and 1.28 km2 to the East of the district has also been affected and was discovered to be caused mainly by tidal flood from Bremi and Tirto rivers. 

scholarly journals Vulnerability of the Indus River Delta of the North Arabian Sea, Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-610 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Indus River ◽  
The North ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
Coastal Ocean Model

<div> <p>Seawater intrusion has been a serious problem in the Indus River Estuary (IRE) for decades. The literature reviews, hydrological and meteorological observations were analyzed to examine and discuss the causes and consequences of seawater intrusion in the IRE. Both sea water intrusion and coastal erosion are having a devastating environmental and social impact and the whole ecosystem of the Indus Delta is facing serious threat. The Indus deltaic region is not only threatened by continuing activities upstream but also by the neighboring sea in the south, due to the impacts of local weather conditions. Observational results suggest that seawater intrusion reaches 84 km upstream in the IRE during the dry season. Extensive field investigations and a high resolution coastal ocean model are urgently needed for future study.</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

Origin and modelling of water salinization in a coastal aquifer of the Bay of Bengal: The Kaluvelly watershed, Tamil Nadu, India

2006 ◽  
Vol 177 (6) ◽  
pp. 333-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noémi D’ozouville ◽  
Sophie Violette ◽  
Nathalie Gassama ◽  
Aline Dia ◽  
Nathalie Jendrzejewski
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Geological Investigation ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
The North

Abstract Over-pumping of the Vanur sandstone aquifer has led to a lowering of the piezometric surface and degradation of water quality through increased salinization. This aquifer salinization is a good example of many similar problems in India and other parts of the world. The Vanur Formation is the main aquifer of a multilayered system bordered by the sea on the eastern side and partly overlaid by the brackish waters of the Kaluvelly swamp in the north. The origin of the salinity, which apparently is not simply seawater intrusion, and its dynamics are examined, using chemical and isotopic tools together with 1D hydrological modelling of the movement of the seawater/fresh water interface. The content of major elements and some trace elements as well as isotopic ratios (18O/16O, D/H and 87Sr/86Sr) were measured in groundwater, surface and rainwater during five sampling surveys (January 1999 to October 2001). Available data on rainfall, piezometric and hydrogeologic records were used. We identified human contamination by F, Li in parts of the aquifer, which invalidated their use as tracers. The chemical composition of water from the Vanur aquifer shows a classical chemical evolution from the recharge area to the deeper confined area, consisting in increased water-rock interaction and a subsequent increase of solute species. However, the range of major compound concentration ratios for some wells does not follow this general trend. The non-consistent points are located in the most depressed area of the aquifer (−20 m amsl in June 2000), except in the north where the brackish water of the Kaluvelly swamps seems to enter the aquifer. In the depressed area, the sulphate signature corresponds to a mixing with a mineralized and sulphate-rich water body, likely to be Ramanathapuram sandstone water. It is due to the upward leakage from this underlying formation. A seasonal evaporation signature recorded by stable isotopes (δ18O, δD) suggests the addition of return irrigation flow. The 1D hydrodynamical model of the sea-water/fresh water movement was built with the available geological and hydraulic data. Hydrodynamic calculations show that seawater intrusion can be expected to occur within 3 to 20 years after the year 2000, depending on the value of unknown parameters (porosity) or boundary conditions (recharge, pumped volume). But we cannot rule out that a lithologic or tectonic barrier prevent any seawater intrusion inland; future geological investigation has to be done to confirm or infirm this hypothesis.

scholarly journals Effect of seawater intrusion on groundwater in the Demak coastal area Indonesia: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 896 (1) ◽  
pp. 012070
Author(s):  
A W Pramita ◽  
S Syafrudin ◽  
D N Sugianto
Keyword(s):  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Source Area ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Erosion Area

Abstract One of the most complicated areas to repair on the North Shore of Central Java is the beach in the Sayung Demak. More than 300 hectares of land have been flooding in the last five years due to high tides. The erosion area in Sayung area has also been affected by port development activities in the Semarang area, thus changing the hydrodynamic nature of Sayung Demak Waters. Overuse of groundwater has been showing to lead to brine ingress in the coastal region. And long-term groundwater withdrawal forces land subsidence formation. A few waterfront structures in Sayung waters were built as breakwaters to decrease incoming waves. The solution presently used to minimize erosion while catching sediment in the Sayung area is hybrid engineering. The purpose of this study is to review the effectiveness of hybrid engineering in the coastal area of Demak and its relation to seawater intrusion and groundwater based on previous research. Understanding the factors that influence water quality in the source area over time is needed to establish appropriate management plans for the protection of groundwater resources and to ensure the safety and health of the beverage.

scholarly journals Penentuan Daerah Imbuhan Dan Evaluasi Kualitas Air Tanah Pada Akuifer Tertekan Cekungan Air Tanah Baubau Di Kota Baubau

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Wahyu Hidayat ◽  
Laode Sabaruddin ◽  
La Baco
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Fresh Groundwater ◽  
Conservation Zones ◽  
The City ◽  
Level 2

  The increasing population followed by the development of industrial activities resulted in excessive exploitation of water and pollution of water sources. This research aims (1) to analyze the distribution of groundwater recharge areas, (2) to analyze the quality of groundwater; and (3) to analyze the effect of seawater intrusion on the Baubau CAT confined aquifer within the City of Baubau area. The analysis method used is (1) Determination of groundwater recharge areas is carried out based on Permen ESDM Number 31 of 2018 concerning Guidelines for Establishing Groundwater Conservation Zones, namely by identifying hydrogeological data, (2) The level of groundwater damage is analyzed based on groundwater quality, in accordance with ESDM Ministerial Regulation Number 31 of 2018 concerning Guidelines for Establishing Groundwater Conservation Zones; and (3) The level of seawater intrusion was classified using the Davis and de Weist method. The results of this study are (1) The distribution of recharge areas covers 43% of the land area of the City of Baubau or an area of 96 km². The recharge area is an area of low hills, hills and high hills with an altitude of 100 to 700 meters above sea level. (2) The level of groundwater damage based on TSD and DHL values is that there are 7 drilled wells that are still in the safe category, while the other 2 bore wells are in the vulnerable category; (3) Groundwater in confined aquifers in the study area has not shown the influence of sea water intrusion with DHL values ranging from 773 µS cmˉˡ to 1,402 µS cmˉˡ and is categorized as fresh groundwater where the DHL values are still in the range of 30 - 2,000 µS cmˉˡ. Keywords: groundwater, groundwater quality, seawater intrusionJumlah penduduk yang meningkat dan diikuti dengan berkembangnya aktivitas industri mengakibatkan eksploitasi air berlebih dan pencemaran sumber air. Peneltian ini bertujuan (1) untuk menganalisis sebaran daerah imbuhan air tanah, (2) menganalisis kualitas air tanah; dan (3) menganalisis pengaruh intrusi air laut pada akuifer tertekan CAT Baubau dalam wilayah Kota Baubau. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu (1) Penentuan daerah imbuhan air tanah dilakukan berdasarkan Permen ESDM Nomor 31 Tahun 2018 Tentang Pedoman Penetapan Zona Konservasi Air Tanah yaitu dengan melakukan identifikasi data hidrogeologi, (2) Tingkat kerusakan air tanah dianalisa berdasarkan kualitas air tanah, sesuai dengan Permen ESDM Nomor 31 Tahun 2018 Tentang Pedoman Penetapan Zona Konservasi Air Tanah; dan (3) Klasifikasi tingkat intrusi air laut dilakukan dengan metode Davis and de Weist. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu (1) Sebaran daerah imbuhan tersebut meliputi 43 % dari luas daratan Kota Baubau atau seluas 96 km². Daerah imbuhan tersebut merupakan wilayah perbukitan rendah, perbukitan dan perbukitan tinggi dengan ketinggian 100 hingga 700 meter di atas permukaan laut. (2) Tingkat kerusakan air tanah berdasarkan nilai TSD dan DHL adalah terdapat 7 sumur bor masih dalam kategori aman, sedangkan 2 sumur bor lainnya masuk dalam kategori rawan; (3) Air tanah pada akuifer tertekan di daerah penelitian belum memnunjukkan adanya pengaruh intrusi air laut dengan nilai DHL berkisar antara 773 µS cmˉˡ hingga 1.402 µS cmˉˡ dan dikategorikan sebagai air tanah segar dimana nilai DHL masih berada dalam kisaran 30 – 2.000 µS cmˉˡ. Kata Kunci : air tanah, kualitas air tanah, intrusi air laut

TBE in Italy

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
National Level ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Low Incidence

Italy is considered a low-incidence country for tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Europe.1 Areas at higher risk for TBE in Italy are geographically clustered in the forested and mountainous regions and provinces in the north east part of the country, as suggested by TBE case series published over the last decade.2-5 A national enhanced surveillance system for TBE has been established since 2017.6 Before this, information on the occurrence of TBE cases at the national level in Italy was lacking. Both incidence rates and the geographical distribution of the disease were mostly inferred from endemic areas where surveillance was already in place, ad hoc studies and international literature.1

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTIC OF SEA RADIANCE COEFFICIENT SPECTRA MEASURED REMOTELY IN COASTAL WATERS OF FIVE SEAS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Rostovtseva ◽  
Vera Rostovtseva ◽  
Igor Goncharenko ◽  
Igor Goncharenko ◽  
Dmitrii Khlebnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Constituents ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Baltic

Sea radiance coefficient, defined as the ratio of the sunlight reflected by the water bulk to the sunlight illuminating the water surface, is one of the most informative optical characteristics of the seawater that can be obtained by passive remote sensing. We got the sea radiance coefficient spectra by processing the data obtained in measurements from board a moving ship. Using sea radiance coefficient optical spectra it is possible to estimate water constituents concentration and their distribution over the aquatory of interest. However, thus obtained sea radiance coefficient spectra are strongly affected by weather and measurement conditions and needs some calibration. It was shown that practically all the spectra of sea radiance coefficient have some generic peculiarities regardless of the type of sea waters. These peculiarities can be explained by the spectrum of pure sea water absorption. Taking this into account a new calibration method was developed. The measurements were carried out with the portative spectroradiometers from board a ship in the five different seas: at the north-east coast of the Black Sea, in the Gdansk Bay of the Baltic Sea, in the west part of the Aral Sea, in the Kara Sea with the Ob’ Bay and in the Philippine Sea at the coast of Taiwan. The new method of calibration was applied to the obtained spectra of the sea radiance coefficient that enabled us to get the corresponding absorption spectra and estimate the water constituents concentration in every region. The obtained concentration estimates were compared to the values obtained in water samples taken during the same measurement cycle and available data from other investigations. The revealed peculiarities of the sea radiance coefficient spectra in the aquatories under exploration were compared to the corresponding water content and some characteristic features were discussed.

scholarly journals Transboundary geophysical mapping of geological elements and salinity distribution critical for the assessment of future sea water intrusion in response to sea level rise

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1845-1862 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Jørgensen ◽  
W. Scheer ◽  
S. Thomsen ◽  
T. O. Sonnenborg ◽  
K. Hinsby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Salinity Distribution ◽  
Geological Structures ◽  
The North

Abstract. Geophysical techniques are increasingly being used as tools for characterising the subsurface, and they are generally required to develop subsurface models that properly delineate the distribution of aquifers and aquitards, salt/freshwater interfaces, and geological structures that affect groundwater flow. In a study area covering 730 km2 across the border between Germany and Denmark, a combination of an airborne electromagnetic survey (performed with the SkyTEM system), a high-resolution seismic survey and borehole logging has been used in an integrated mapping of important geological, physical and chemical features of the subsurface. The spacing between flight lines is 200–250 m which gives a total of about 3200 line km. About 38 km of seismic lines have been collected. Faults bordering a graben structure, buried tunnel valleys, glaciotectonic thrust complexes, marine clay units, and sand aquifers are all examples of geological structures mapped by the geophysical data that control groundwater flow and to some extent hydrochemistry. Additionally, the data provide an excellent picture of the salinity distribution in the area and thus provide important information on the salt/freshwater boundary and the chemical status of groundwater. Although the westernmost part of the study area along the North Sea coast is saturated with saline water and the TEM data therefore are strongly influenced by the increased electrical conductivity there, buried valleys and other geological elements are still revealed. The mapped salinity distribution indicates preferential flow paths through and along specific geological structures within the area. The effects of a future sea level rise on the groundwater system and groundwater chemistry are discussed with special emphasis on the importance of knowing the existence, distribution and geometry of the mapped geological elements, and their control on the groundwater salinity distribution is assessed.

scholarly journals Investigating Groundwater Condition and Seawater Intrusion Status in Coastal Aquifer Systems of Eastern India

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 1952
Author(s):  
Subrata Halder ◽  
Lingaraj Dhal ◽  
Madan K. Jha
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Coastal Aquifer ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Confined Aquifer ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Aquifer Systems ◽  
Sustainable Water Supply

Providing sustainable water supply for domestic needs and irrigated agriculture is one of the most significant challenges for the current century. This challenge is more daunting in coastal regions. Groundwater plays a pivotal role in addressing this challenge and hence, it is under growing stress in several parts of the world. To address this challenge, a proper understanding of groundwater characteristics in an area is essential. In this study, spatio-temporal analyses of pre-monsoon and post-monsoon groundwater-levels of two coastal aquifer systems (upper leaky confined and underlying confined) were carried out in Purba Medinipur District, West Bengal, India. Trend analysis of seasonal groundwater-levels of the two aquifers systems was also performed using Mann-Kendall test, Linear Regression test, and Innovative Trend test. Finally, the status of seawater intrusion in the two aquifers was evaluated using available groundwater-quality data of Chloride (Cl−) and Total Dissolve Solids (TDS). Considerable spatial and temporal variability was found in the seasonal groundwater-levels of the two aquifers. Further, decreasing trends were spotted in the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon groundwater-level time series of the leaky confined and confined aquifers, except pre-monsoon groundwater-levels in Contai-I and Deshpran blocks, and the post-monsoon groundwater-level in Ramnagar-I block for the leaky confined aquifer. The leaky confined aquifer in Contai-I, Contai-III, and Deshpran blocks and the confined aquifer in Nandigram-I and Nandigram-II blocks are vulnerable to seawater intrusion. There is an urgent need for the real-time monitoring of groundwater-levels and groundwater quality in both the aquifer systems, which can ensure efficient management of coastal groundwater reserves.

scholarly journals Carbon-14 in the Southern Indian Ocean

Radiocarbon ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 684-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgette Delibrias
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Middle Latitudes ◽  
The North ◽  
The Indian Ocean

14C measurements were carried out on sea water samples collected in 1973, in the Indian ocean. The results obtained for 9 vertical profiles between 27° S and 48°S are presented. In surface water, the bomb 14C content is maximum at middle latitudes. A time lag relative to the north hemisphere bomb 14C delivery is apparent. In the more southern latitudes, 14C content remains very low.

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