scholarly journals Mineralogical and Geochemical Control of Altered Andesitic Tuff upon Debris Slide Occurences at Pelangan Area, Southern Mountain of Lombok Island, Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Winarti ◽  
Dwikorita Karnawati ◽  
Hary Christady Hardiyatmo ◽  
Srijono Srijono
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Hydrothermal Alteration ◽  
Gold Mineralization ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Landslide Area ◽  
Debris Slide ◽  
Argillic Alteration ◽  
Wet Condition ◽  
Lombok Island

Debris slides were recently found in the Pelangan area at Southern Mountain of Lombok Island, Indonesia. Pelangan is well known as the gold mineralization and hydrothermal alteration area. This study is aimed to identify the mineralogy and geochemistry of altered andesitic tuff that controlled slope instability and induced debris slides. For this purpose, it is necessary to prepare the field observation and laboratory analyses. Landslide inventory reveals that the Pelangan debris slides mostly occur in altered andesitic tuff. Based on the outcrop observations in the field, andesitic tuff found around the Pelangan debris slides have been altered in general. The strong intensity of alteration developed by hydrothermal alteration in this study area produces large amount of clay minerals especially montmorillonite, kaolinite, and illite. The abundance of those clay minerals reflect the intermediate argillic alteration. Montmorillonite is a type of clay mineral that easily swells at wet condition and easily shrinkages at dry condition. Swelling of clay mineral destroys intersheet and interlayer bonds, and reduces shear strength. The presence of clay minerals in the altered andesitic tuff of intermediate argillic zone can be considered as one of the factors that induced to the Pelangan debris slides. Further studies on geotechnical and slope stability analysis of the landslide area are crucial to be done for better understanding of the characteristics of the altered rocks inducing hazardous landslides.

Hydrothermal clay mineral formation in a biotite-granite in northern Switzerland

Clay Minerals ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tj. Peters ◽  
B. Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Inclusion ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Hydrothermal Alteration ◽  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Mineral Chemistry ◽  
Biotite Granite ◽  
Mineral Formation ◽  
Fluid Inclusion Data ◽  
Northern Switzerland

AbstractClay minerals of several hydrothermally altered zones in a 1200-m biotite-granite core from a drillhole in northern Switzerland were studied microscopically, by XRD and by electron microprobe. The minerals principally affected by the hydrothermal alteration were plagioclase (An5-An20) and, to a lesser extent, biotite. Illite, regularly interstratified illite-smectite and dioctahedral chlorite-smectite, dioctahedral chlorite, trioctahedral chlorite and kaolinite were detected in the alteration products. Commonly, two or more clay minerals occurred together in pseudomorphs after plagioclase. The mineral chemistry of the clay minerals showed a predominance of the substitution KAl for Si and, to a lesser extent, MgSi for Al. Fluid-inclusion data and the absence of pure smectite and epidote indicated temperatures of ∼200°C for the fluid that caused this alteration.

Formation de phyllosilicates dans les roches carbonatées cristallines de La Mauricie, Québec

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1463-1473
Author(s):  
Christian de Kimpe
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Hydrothermal Alteration ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Material Composition ◽  
Mineral Transformation ◽  
Fe Oxides ◽  
Fracture Planes ◽  
Low Degree

The chemical and mineralogical analyses of the disaggregated material collected in the fracture planes of crystalline carbonate outcrops at three sites north of Trois-Rivières, Quebec, showed the formation of expanding phyllosilicates, smectite and vermiculite, mainly at the expense of the ferromagnesian minerals hornblende and augite. The clay minerals are enriched in Fe and Mg with respect to the parent material composition and are associated with the crystalline Fe oxides goethite and lepidocrocite. The moderate to low degree of mineral transformation is accounted for by the slow dissolution of the carbonates. Corrensite, a regularly interstratified clay mineral, was identified in 50% of the samples; it probably resulted from the hydrothermal alteration of phlogopite. Silicate alteration may have been responsible for a fraction of the swelling minerals found in the soils of the area.

The geochronological significance of argon-40/argon-39 age determinations on White Whin from the northern Pennine orefield

1968 ◽  
Vol 307 (1490) ◽  
pp. 251-266 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Hydrothermal Alteration ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Hydrothermal Activity ◽  
Work Support ◽  
Natural Isotope ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon ◽  
Age Determinations

Controversy regarding the age and character of mineralization in the northern Pennine orefield is reviewed in the context of recent geological and geochronological research in the region, and a number of the unresolved problems are tabulated. A new method of potassium-argon radioisotopic age determination which utilizes the conversion of the natural isotope 39 K in a rock or mineral to the isotope 39 Ar by neutron irradi­ation is described in outline. This method avoids some of the limitations of conventional potassium-argon age determination, and, among other advantages, makes the measurement of the radioages of clay minerals possible. A geochronological and petrological investigation of White Whin samples from the northern Pennine orefield is reported in full, and eighteen new age determinations, mostly upon clay mineral concentrates are presented. The conclusions that can be drawn from this work support a hypothesis of repeated hydrothermal mineralizations within the area of the northern Pennine orefield: the first within the period 284 ± 40 My with subsequent maxima of hydrothermal activity occurring at intervals. At least two of these subsequent episodes have been identified: one around a minimum age of 230 My and another, very important episode occurring around 170 My. Comparison of these results with histograms of (1) all radio­ages of British rocks and (2) radioages from British dolerites and basalts only, suggests that episodic hydrothermal alteration of pre-existing rocks may be a widespread phenomenon in Britain.

scholarly journals Alteração hidrotermal de preenchimento de um veio de Rocha Basáltica associada às ametistas - Vila São Gabriel/Planalto, Rio Grande do Sul

1990 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Rejane Maria Scopel ◽  
Milton Luiz Laquintinie Formoso ◽  
Alain Meurnier ◽  
Patrick Dudoignon
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Hydrothermal Alteration ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Geochemical Studies ◽  
Brown Clay

Clay minerals, zeolites, calcite and silica (quartz, opal and chalcedony) are the most common hydrothermal alteration products of the basalts with veins in São Gabriel (Planalto) Region. The petrographic and geochemical studies led to the identification of the secondary phases which fill the veins. From the border to the centre, the filling of the veins comprises: a) brown clay mineral (ferri-montmorillonite), b) prismatic zeolite (heulandite) and/or fibro-radiated saponite/chlorite, and c) interstratiphied saponite/chlorite.

scholarly journals DFT Study of Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of Kaolinite, Muscovite, and Montmorillonite

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 618
Author(s):  
Layla Shafei ◽  
Puja Adhikari ◽  
Wai-Yim Ching
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Bond Order ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Pharmaceutical Applications ◽  
Structure Properties

Clay mineral materials have attracted attention due to their many properties and applications. The applications of clay minerals are closely linked to their structure and composition. In this paper, we studied the electronic structure properties of kaolinite, muscovite, and montmorillonite crystals, which are classified as clay minerals, by using DFT-based ab initio packages VASP and the OLCAO. The aim of this work is to have a deep understanding of clay mineral materials, including electronic structure, bond strength, mechanical properties, and optical properties. It is worth mentioning that understanding these properties may help continually result in new and innovative clay products in several applications, such as in pharmaceutical applications using kaolinite for their potential in cancer treatment, muscovite used as insulators in electrical appliances, and engineering applications that use montmorillonite as a sealant. In addition, our results show that the role played by hydrogen bonds in O-H bonds has an impact on the hydration in these crystals. Based on calculated total bond order density, it is concluded that kaolinite is slightly more cohesive than montmorillonite, which is consistent with the calculated mechanical properties.

Volcanogenic clays in Jurassic and Cretaceous strata of England and the North Sea Basin

Clay Minerals ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. Jeans ◽  
D. S. Wray ◽  
R. J. Merriman ◽  
M. J. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Hydrothermal Fluids ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
The North ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Thermal Doming

AbstractThe nature and origin of authigenic clay minerals and silicate cements in the Jurassic and Cretaceous sediments of England and the North Sea are discussed in relation to penecontemporaneous volcanism in and around the North Sea Basin. Evidence, including new REE data, suggests that the authigenic clay minerals represent the argillization of volcanic ash under varying diagenetic conditions, and that volcanic ash is a likely source for at least the early silicate cements in many sandstones. The nature and origin of smectite-rich, glauconite-rich, berthierine-rich and kaolin-rich volcanogenic clay mineral deposits are discussed. Two patterns of volcanogenic clay minerals facies are described. Pattern A is related to ash argillization in the non-marine and marine environments. Pattern B is developed by the argillization of ash concentrated in the sand and silt facies belts in the seas bordering ash-covered islands and massifs. It is associated with regression/ transgression cycles which may be related to thermal doming and associated volcanism, including the submarine release of hydrothermal fluids rich in Fe. The apparent paucity of volcanogenic clay deposits in the Jurasssic and Early Cretaceous sediments of the North Sea is discussed.

Adsorption of Organic Compounds on Refined Latvian Clay

2018 ◽  
Vol 788 ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Oskars Leščinskis ◽  
Ruta Švinka ◽  
Visvaldis Švinka
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Ftir Spectra ◽  
Ph Values

Clays are materials consisting of clay minerals and non-clay minerals. Clay mineral fraction is considered to be a nanofraction. Clay minerals can be used for water purification and treatment. Description and characterization of 3 different Latvian clay nanosized minerals from 3 different geological periods (clay Liepa from Devonian period, clay Vadakste from Triassic period and clay Apriki from Quaternary period) as well as their adsorption capacity concerning organic compounds such as methyl orange and rhodamine B are summarized. Nanosized clay mineral particles were obtained using sedimentation method. Particle size distribution, zeta potential and FTIR spectra is given. The adsorption tests of above mentioned organic compounds were carried out in water solutions at 3 different pH values. The adsorption values were determined by means of UV-spectrophotometric technique. Zeta potential values for clay minerals Apriki, Liepa and Vadakste are -40.9 mV, -49.6 mV and -43.0 mV, respectively. FTIR spectra show similar tendencies for all 3 clay minerals. The best adsorption capacity concerning methyl orange and rhodamine B were in solutions with a pH value of 2, whereas at neutral and alkaline pH values adsorption in 24 hours was not observed.

scholarly journals PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND MINERALOGICAL PROPERTIES OF A CLAY MINERAL DEPOSIT IN GEHEKU, KOGI STATE, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.E.I. Irabor ◽  
A. K. Okunkpolor
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Shock ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Thermal Shock Resistance ◽  
Mineral Deposit ◽  
Swelling Property ◽  
Working Temperature ◽  
Mineralogical Properties ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Shock Resistance

The physico-chemical and mineralogical properties of a clay mineral deposit in Geheku, Kogi State, Nigeria were assessed. The results of the study revealed that the deposit consisted of phyllosilicate minerals- Illite, montmorillonite, kaolinite, halloysite, almandine; other minerals present were quartz and ramsdellite. The clay minerals exhibited good swelling property, medium plasticity, good thermal shock resistance and apparent porosity; it had refractoriness below 1200 oC. The properties of the clay reflected the combined properties of the constituent clay and non-clay minerals which recommends it for a variety of applications which requires the blend of property though the working temperature must be below 1200 oC. The clay mineral deposit colours were influenced by the minerals almadine and ramsdellite.

Clay mineral distribution related to rift activity, sea-level changes and paleoceanography in the Cretaceous of the Atlantic Ocean

Clay Minerals ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Thiry ◽  
T. Jacquin
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Deep Sea Sediments ◽  
Bottom Waters

AbstractThe distribution of clay minerals from the N and S Atlantic Cretaceous deep-sea sediments is related to rifting, sea-floor spreading, sea-level variations and paleoceanography. Four main clay mineral suites were identified: two are inherited and indicative of ocean geodynamics, whereas the others result from transformation and authigenesis and are diagnostic of Cretaceous oceanic depositional environments. Illite and chlorite, together with interstratified illite-smectite and smectite occur above the sea-floor basalts and illustrate the contribution of volcanoclastic materials of basaltic origin to the sediments. Kaolinite, with variable amounts of illite, chlorite, smectite and interstratified minerals, indicates detrital inputs from continents near the platform margins. Kaolinite decreases upward in the series due to open marine environments and basin deepening. It may increase in volume during specific time intervals corresponding to periods of falling sea-level during which overall facies regression and erosion of the surrounding platforms occurred. Smectite is the most abundant clay mineral in the Cretaceous deep-sea sediments. Smectite-rich deposits correlate with periods of relatively low sedimentation rates. As paleoweathering profiles and basal deposits at the bottom of Cretaceous transgressive formations are mostly kaolinitic, smectite cannot have been inherited from the continents. Smectite is therefore believed to have formed in the ocean by transformation and recrystallization of detrital materials during early diagenesis. Because of the slow rate of silicate reactions, transformation of clay minerals requires a long residence time of the particles at the water/sediment interface; this explains the relationships between the observed increases in smectite with long-term sea-level rises that tend to starve the basinal settings of sedimentation. Palygorskite, along with dolomite, is relatively common in the N and S Atlantic Cretaceous sediments. It is not detrital because correlative shelf deposits are devoid of palygorskite. Palygorskite is diagnostic of Mg-rich environments and is indicative of the warm and hypersaline bottom waters of the Cretaceous Atlantic ocean.

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