scholarly journals The Effect of Pyraclostrobin Application on Yield of Tea (Camelia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) under Wet Season

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Arief Rahman ◽  
Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra ◽  
Sriyanto Waluyo
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Tea Production

This field experiment aimed to study the effect of pyraclostrobin on tea production and to determine optimum concentration in order to maintain high yield during the period of wet season. The experiment was arranged in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) using single factor and three blocks as replications. The pyraclostrobin doses, consisted of 4 levels, 0, 50, 100, and 150 g.ha-1, each will be tested on three tea clones. Clones tea tested are TRI 2025, Gambung 9 and PGL 15. Data was evaluated for chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, number of pecco, number of dormant shoot (banjhi), number of total shoot, pecco fresh weight, banjhi fresh weight, total shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight. Data were analysed by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and LSD test at α = 5%. The results informed that pyraclostrobin was able to improve chlorophyll content on TRI 2025 clone, and improved photosynthetic rate on Gambung 9 clone. However,  there was no significant different among plants treated with pyraclostrobin on a yield components, i.e., number of pecco, number of banjhi, pecco fresh weight, banjhi fresh weight, total shoot fresh weight, and total shoot dry weight.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF MYCORRHIZAE, MEDIA AND CONTAINER TYPE ON THE GROWTH OF GREEN PEPPER AND LETTUCE TRANSPLANTS

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 709B-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray A. Watson ◽  
Katrine A. Stewart ◽  
Valentin Furlan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Green Pepper ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Container Type

The effects of two mycorrhizal species (Glomus versiforme and Glomus intraradix) and a control on the growth of green pepper, Capsicum annuum, and lettuce, Lactuca sativa, seedlings have been evaluated using four types of growing media (Peatwool, Fafard bulk mix. Cornell mix and a compost based mix) and two types of containers, Cell Packs (125 cc volume) and Pro-Trays (65 cc volume) for green pepper and Cell Packs (125 cc volume) and Plug Flats (33 cc volume) for lettuce. The experiments were split plot randomized Complete block design with 6 blocks (lettuce) and 4 blocks (pepper). Seeds were sown directly into the containers of mycorrhizal inoculated media. All treatments received the same fertilizer regime. Cell volume had no significant effects on green pepper fresh weight, dry weight, stem diameter, leaf area or leaf number but the lettuce Cell Pack plants had significantly higher fresh and dry weights, more leaves and higher leaf area. The Fafard Bulk and the Compost mix gave significantly higher fresh and dry weights than did the other two media for both green pepper and lettuce. Mycorrhizal species did not influence plant growth with the exception of leaf area in green peppers and shoot dry weight in lettuce.

scholarly journals Growth Assessment of Tropical Sugarbeet as Influenced by Spacing

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
MAT Sohel ◽  
MAE Hossain ◽  
HP Roy ◽  
SM Reza ◽  
FH Shanta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Maximum Root

The experiment was carried out at the research field of Agronomy and Farming Systems Division, Bangladesh Sugarcrop Research Institute (BSRI), Ishurdi, Pabna during 2012-2013 to determine the most suitable spacing for sugarbeet cultivation in Bangladesh. The experiment was conducted with nine spacing viz. 50 cm × 20 cm, 60 cm × 20 cm, 70 cm × 20 cm, 50 cm × 25 cm, 60 cm × 25 cm, 70 cm × 25 cm, 50 cm × 30 cm, 60 cm × 30 cm and 70 cm × 30 cm in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The effects of spacing on sugarbeet plantation were observed on growth and growth contributing components (germination percentage, number of leaves plant-1, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, crop growth rate) of sugarbeet. The highest germination percentage (95.67%), number of leaves plant-1 (34.33) at 30 DAS, shoot length (54.07 cm) at 120 DAS, root fresh weight (969.47 g plant-1) at 150 DAS, shoot fresh weight (752.47 g plant-1) at 120 DAS and other growth contributing parameters were obtained with the spacing 70 cm × 30 cm. However, the maximum root length (38.97 cm) was obtained with 50 cm × 20 cm spacing. It was concluded that the wider spacing promoted the growth of individual beet, though the optimum spacing for maximum root growth of sugarbeet was 50 cm × 20 cm. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(2): 51-58

scholarly journals Haricot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes at germination stage under the effect of allelopatic leaf extract of Lantana (Lantana camara L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Itefa Degefa Alemu ◽  
Beka Yadeta Tefara ◽  
Tarike Getachew Tefara ◽  
Alemnesh Tigabu Fetene
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Parameters ◽  
Concentration Levels ◽  
Germination Stage

<div class="WordSection1"><p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Allelopathy is considered as an effective and environmentally friendly method to control the weeds and consequently enhances crop production. <em>Lantana camara</em> L. is a major exotic weed spreading rapidly in wastelands and agricultural fields. The ability of this weed to germinate fast and to inhibit the growth of other neighboring plants smoothest way for its quicker growth in an ecosystem.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was carried out at Bule Hora University in the biology laboratory to assess haricot bean (<em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em> L.) genotypes at germination stage under the effects of allelochemical leaf extract from <em>Lantana camara</em> L. at different concentration levels. <em>L. camara</em> leaf and seven genotypes of haricot bean responsible for this study were collected from the local farmer’s farm land in Bule Hora Woreda with their local name. Experiment was carried out with completely randomized block design with three replications in petridishes where three seeds of haricot bean were planted in each 84 petridishes and 0 gram/100 millileter (control), 2 gram/75 millileter (treatment 1), 2 gram/50 millileter (treatment 2) and 2 gram/25 millileter (treatment 3) grinded powder of <em>L. camara</em> L.: distil water were applied to petridishes daily. Germination parameters like germination day, number of germinated seeds, plumule length, radicle length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, germination percentage, germination index and inhibition or stimulation were collected.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The result showed that there were variation responses of haricot bean genotypes parameters to each concentration levels of <em>L. camara</em> leaf extracts. Germination day, plumule length and radicle length were significantly influenced by <em>L. camara</em> leaf extract. The values of germination day, plumule length, shoot fresh weight and root fresh weight were decreased with the increasing of concentration levels. From the all genotypes Nasir was highly influenced in days to germination which shifted from 7.67 to 10.33 days. The correlation between concentration and all parameters were also seen that concentration and parameters plumule length (-0.428), shoot fresh weight (-0.015), root fresh weight (-0.237), shoot dry weight (-0.074) and root dry weight (-0.144) showed negatively correlated with concentration level. It can be concluded that allelopathic leaf extracts of lantana can inhibit germination parameters of some haricot bean genotypes which should take attention by breeders and farmers to avoid such weed from the crops.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Generally it can be concluded that concentrated aqueous leaf extract of <em>L. camara</em> L. weed species inhibited germination day, plumule length, shoot fresh weight and germination index of haricot bean (<em>p. vulgaris</em> L). High concentration levels of this chemical has high influential power on the germination parameters of this crop. </span></p></div>

scholarly journals Salicylic acid ameliorates the adverse effect of salt stress on strawberry

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huseyin Karlidag ◽  
Ertan Yildirim ◽  
Metin Turan
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Negative Effect

Strawberry is considered as a salinity sensitive species and is adversely affected in response to the salt stress in terms of growth and yield. Pot experiments were conducted to determine the effect of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) application on physiology, growth, chlorophyll and mineral content of strawberry grown under salt stress and greenhouse conditions. Strawberry plants were treated with SA at different concentrations (0.0, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 mM). Salinity treatments were established by adding 0 and 35 mM of NaCl to a base complete nutrient solution. Salt stress negatively affected the growth, chlorophyll content and mineral uptake of strawberry plants. However, plants treated with SA often had greater shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight and root dry weight as well as higher chlorophyll content under salt stress. The greatest values were obtained with 1.00 mM SA treatment in both saline and non-saline conditions. Leaf water relative content (LWRC) was reduced in response to salt stress while electrolyte leakage was raised. SA treatments induced increases in LWRC and decreases in electrolyte leakage compared to the control under salt stress. With respect to the nutrient content, SA treatments increased almost contents of all nutrients in leaves and roots of strawberry plants under salt stress. The greatest values were often obtained by the 1.00 mM SA treatment. These findings suggest that the SA treatments can ameliorate the negative effect of salinity on the growth of strawberries.

scholarly journals Effects of salinity stress on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) landraces during early growth stage

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyoum Zawude ◽  
Diriba Shanko
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Salinity is one of the most serious abiotic stresses for crop plant growth. Chickpea grows under a wide range of climatic conditions and highly sensitive to salt stress. To determine the most tolerant genotype to salinity stress, an experiment was done as factorial form under completely block design (CRD) with three replications.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The experimental treatments were four NaCl salinity levels (0, 5dS/m, 10dS/m and 15dS/m) and five chickpea landraces (Dadi, Dido, Dida, Dimi and Soya).  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Results indicated that significant was observed in root length, shoot length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, seedling shoot and root reduction traits in stress conditions. Dimi, Dido and Dadi were showed that high reduction in root length, shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, seedling root and shoot in salinity conditions, respectively. The ANOVA for landraces and their interaction was found to be highly significant at (p&lt;0.001) and (p&lt;0.05) with all parameters. Landraces Dimi, Dido and Dadi were found salt tolerant but Soya was highly salt sensitive during seedling growth stage. Shoot dry weight had the most positive and significant correlation with root dry weight (r =0.987**). Seedling shoot reduction depicted a negative and significant correlation with total dry matter (r =-0.734**).</p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study indicated that developing genetic variability by identifying salt tolerant landrace is one of the appropriate strategies used to overcome salinity problem in arid and semi-arid areas.

scholarly journals Sweet Basil Requires an Irradiance of 500 μ mol·m−2·s−1 for Greatest Edible Biomass Production

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela R. Beaman ◽  
Richard J. Gladon ◽  
James A. Schrader
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Production System ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Ambient Relative Humidity ◽  
Incandescent Lamps

Energy conservation in controlled-environment agriculture is a major concern for both commercial and research facilities as well as extraterrestrial facilities for food production. Supplying optimal irradiance by using electrical lighting for the greatest edible biomass production potentially is the greatest draw on energy during earth-based or extraterrestrial food production in controlled environments. Our objective was to determine the optimal irradiance for greatest edible biomass production of three cultivars of basil (Basilicum ocimum L.) in a controlled-environment production system. Seedlings of the three cultivars were transplanted into soilless medium, one plant per pot, and grew for 17 days in reach-in growth chambers maintained at 25 ± 4 °C with a 16-h photoperiod. Canopy-level irradiances of 300, 400, 500, and 600 μmol·m−2·s−1 were provided by cool-white fluorescent and incandescent lamps. Shoot growth was measured as height, diameter, and number of leaves 0.5 cm long or greater; and edible biomass was measured as leaf fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight. There was no irradiance × cultivar interaction, but main effects of irradiance and cultivar were observed. Plant growth and edible biomass production were least at 300 μmol·m−2·s−1 and greatest at 500 or 600 μmol·m−2·s−1. In several cases, 400 μmol·m−2·s−1 yielded intermediate growth or edible biomass. Within the main effect of cultivar, Italian Large Leaf produced greater edible biomass than ‘Genovese’, and ‘Nufar’ yielded an intermediate amount of shoot fresh weight and dry weight. Under our environmental conditions that included ambient CO2 concentration and ambient relative humidity, the rate of growth peaked at 500 μmol·m−2·s−1, and no additional accumulation of edible biomass occurred at 600 μmol·m−2·s−1. Based on our results, canopy-level irradiance of 500 μmol·m−2·s−1 provides maximum edible biomass production of basil in a controlled-environment production system.

scholarly journals Comparison of some physiological responces to salinity and normal conditions in Sugar Beet 

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Khorshid ◽  
F.A. Moghadam ◽  
I. Bernousi ◽  
S. Khayamim ◽  
A. Rajabi
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Saline Condition ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Total Dry Weight

This study was carried out in the Agricultural Research Center of West Azerbaijan, Iran in 2016. In this research, variations in different physiological and yield traits measurement of total dry weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, relative water content, relative water loss, root length, leaf area, root/shoot ratio, specific leaf weigh, sodium content, potassium content and proline were investigated in normal and saline condition. The results indicated that in saline condition, total dry weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root/Shoot ratio, specific leaf weight, root length, proline and Na content were increased and the other traits were decreased. Study of correlation of traits showed that most significant difference between the two conditions was observed for the root/shoot ratio, so that, this trait has negative significant relation with total dry weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, relative water content, leaf area, root length, specific leaf weight in saline condition, but in normal condition correlation is positive and significant only in the total dry weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight and root dray weight and was not significant in the other traits. Step-wise regression analysis for total dry weight as dependent variable revealed that in normal condition, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight and Na content expound of 93.1% and in saline condition root fresh weight, root length, Na content and proline explicate of 81.3% of total variation exist in total dry weight. Therefore, it is suggested to consider different traits in breeding programs for normal and saline conditions.

scholarly journals Diuron: Postemergence Oxalis Control in Container-grown Plants

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Carey V. Simpson ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
James E. Altland ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje ◽  
Jeff L. Sibley
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Nursery Crops ◽  
Size Interaction ◽  
Container Nursery

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of postemergence applied diuron (Direx 4L) for oxalis control and crop safety in container nursery crops. The first experiment, treated on March 15, 2001, evaluated diuron at 0.14, 0.28, 0.56, and 1.12 kg ai/ha (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 lb ai/A) rates without a surfactant and provided a maximum of 74% oxalis control in liriope and 57% in camellia. Diuron caused slight to no injury on ‘Pink Icicle’ camellia, ‘Anthony Waterer’ spirea and ‘Big Blue’ liriope which dissipated completely by 60 DAT. Experiment two, treated on April 6, 2001, used higher rates and included a surfactant. Diuron provided excellent oxalis control at rates ≥ 0.56 kg ai/ha (0.5 lb ai/A) by 21 days after treatment (DAT) and reduced oxalis shoot fresh weight (SFW) and shoot dry weight (SDW) by ≥ 95%. Unlike the first experiment, no injury was observed on either liriope or camellia. Experiment three, treated on April 15, 2001, evaluated diuron rate and oxalis size on oxalis control. At 9 DAT a significant diuron rate × oxalis size interaction occurred, but at 15 and 21 DAT only diuron rate affected oxalis control for the sizes of oxalis tested. At 21 DAT, rates of 0.56 kg ai/ha (0.5 lb ai/A) and higher provided excellent oxalis control. These data indicate that diuron provides excellent oxalis control when applied postemergence in tolerant nursery crops.

scholarly journals Common bean seed germination and seedling emergence under inoculation with biostimulators

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-174
Author(s):  
Antônio Jussiê da Silva Solino ◽  
Juliana Santos Batista de Oliveira ◽  
Maycon Schmitt ◽  
Jéssica Brasau da Silva ◽  
Kátia Regina Freitas Schwan-Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Bean Seed ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Biostimulating microorganisms have protector effect against pathogenic agents, affect the stand formation, promote plant growth, and increase yield of agricultural crops. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the seed germination and seedling emergence of different common bean cultivars as a function of treatments with Bacillus subtilis BV02 and Trichoderma asperellum BV10. Germination tests in paper rolls and sand were conducted in a completely randomized design, with a 2×4 factorial arrangement consisted of two cultivars, namely Campos Gerais (CG) and Estilo (ES), and four microorganism treatments, namely B. subtilis BV02 (BS), T. asperellum BV10 (TA), B. subtilis BV02 + T. asperellum BV10 (BS+TA), and Control. The variables analyzed were: germination speed index (GSI), emergence speed index (ESI), germination percentage, emergence percentage, root length, seedling height, and root and shoot fresh and dry weights. The CG cultivar had higher GSI, ESI, root length, seedling height, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, and shoot dry weight than the ES cultivar in the paper roll and sand tests. The common bean seed inoculation with BS+TA increased seedling height, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, and root length in the ES cultivar. The CG cultivar had higher GSI, ESI, root length, root fresh weight, and root and shoot dry weights than the ES cultivar. The treatment of seeds with BS+TA is recommended to improve the performance of common bean seedlings of the ES cultivar.

Evaluation of Shubhodoya Mycorrhizal Bio-fertilizer for Enhancing Rooting of Nursery Tea Plants.

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (01-02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kibet Sitienei ◽  
Evelyne C. Cheramgoi ◽  
Methusela Rop ◽  
David M. Kamau ◽  
Robert Keter
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Tea Production ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
And Control

Bio-fertilizers have not been exploited in Kenya on tea production despite benefits demonstrated in many crops. The bio-fertilizers are organisms that enrich nutrient soil quality. Plants have beneficial relationships with such organisms. Shubhodoya mycorrhizal bio-fertilizer is a consortium of three different species of Glomus mycorrhizal fungus, produced in laboratory under sterile conditions. They are cultured and used for inoculating seed or soil or both under ideal conditions to increase availability of plant nutrients. A nursery experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Shubhodaya mycorrhizal bio-fertilizer (SMB) in enhancing growth of two tea clones, TRFK 306 and EPK TN14-3. Different rates of SMB (0.6g, 0.9g, and 1.2g), standard treatment (6g diammonium phosphate) and control (no fertilizer) were laid out in randomized complete block design. Sleeved seedlings with the soil were randomly sampled from the nursery for analysis of soil pH, assessment of growth parameters and mycorrhizal colonization were conducted. Root samples were used to determine dry weight and to conduct assays for VAM infection. The SMB did not have adverse effects on soil pH in the nursery. Plants subjected to the DAP treatment all died after weeks 27. Increasing application of SMB rates and frequency increased shoot growth. SMB at 1.2 g exhibited the lowest shoots dry weight while SMB at 0.6 and 0.9g had the highest. After 62 weeks from planting, there was an abrupt increase in shoot dry weight. Successful colonization of tea roots with inoculation of SMB was also observed. SMB colonized the tea roots an indication that it has potential for exploitation.

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