scholarly journals Mutation of Gyra Gene Found In Mycobacterium Leprae From Leprosy Patient In West Papua and Papua, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yustinus Maladan ◽  
Hana Krismawati ◽  
Rosana Agus ◽  
Hotma M.L. Hutapea ◽  
Ratna Tanjung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Gyra Gene ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
New Variant ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
2D Structure ◽  
Leprosy Control

Cases of leprosy in Indonesia are still high, especially in the provinces of West Papua, North Maluku and Papua. Drug resistance surveillance and typing strains of Mycobacterium leprae are useful molecular tools for leprosy control especially in the three Provinces. The purpose of this study was to identify mutations in the gyrA          M. leprae gene obtained from leprosy patients in the provinces of West Papua and Papua on a molecular basis. M. leprae samples obtained from leprosy patients were extracted and continued with PCR and sequencing in the M. leprae gyrA gene. The sequencing results are aligned with M. leprae TN sequences to identify mutations. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using Mega 7 to get the M. leprae gyrA cluster. The RNAalifold server was employed to generate the conserved 2D structure for the gyrA MSAs. Six variants were found in the gyrA M. leprae obtained from the provinces of West Papua and Papua. The six variants are H71R, K73R, D95G, A101T, R107W, A127V. The existence of mutations in the gyrA M. leprae gene found in this study can be information in the treatment of leprosy in Papua if using Ofloxacin as an alternative treatment. Based on phylogenetic analysis found there are three distinct clusters of gyrA gene. The five variants are H71R, K73R, A101T, R107W, A127V are new variant of gyrA M. leprae. The D95G variant has been confirmed to cause resistance to Fluoroquinolone by in vitro methods, while the H71R, K73R, A101T, R107W, A127V variants are new variants whose effects on the fluoroquinolone are unknown. Thus, further analysis is needed to study the effects of the five variants on ofloxacin.

scholarly journals Lsr2 Peptides of Mycobacterium leprae Show Hierarchical Responses in Lymphoproliferative Assays, with Selective Recognition by Patients with Anergic Lepromatous Leprosy

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 742-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehervani Chaduvula ◽  
A. Murtaza ◽  
Namita Misra ◽  
N. P. Shankar Narayan ◽  
V. Ramesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Lepromatous Leprosy ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Leprosy Patients

ABSTRACTLsr2 protein ofMycobacterium lepraewas shown earlier to elicit B and T cell responses in leprosy patients (20, 28). Lymphoproliferation toM. lepraeand Lsr2 antigens was observed in >70% of tuberculoid (T) patients and in 16 and 34% of lepromatous (L) patients, respectively. We focused on theM. lepraenonresponders in the lepromatous group using 22 synthetic Lsr2 peptides (end-to-end peptides A to F and overlapping peptides p1 to p16) inin vitroT cell responses. A total of 125 leprosy and 13 tuberculosis patients and 19 healthy controls from the area of endemicity (here, healthy controls, or HC) were investigated. The highest responses were observed (67 to 100%) in HC for all peptides except p1 to p3, and the lowest was observed in tuberculosis patients. Significant differences in lymphoproliferation were observed in T, L, and HC groups (analysis of variance [ANOVA],P= 0.000 to 0.015) for all end-to-end peptides except B and for p5 and p7 to p10. Hierarchical recognition between lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy was noted for p8 (P< 0.05) and between the HC and L groups for p7 to p10, p15, and p16 (P< 0.005 toP< 0.02). Significant lymphoproliferation was observed to peptides A to F and p1 to p9, p11, p12, p15, p16 (P= 0.000 to 0.001) with 40% responding to peptides C and p16 in L patients. Lepromatous patients also showed significantly higher levels of a gamma interferon (IFN-γ) response to peptide C than to other peptides (P< 0.05). Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II bias for peptide recognition was not observed. These studies indicate that Lsr2 has multiple T cell epitopes that inducein vitroT cell responses in the highly infective lepromatous leprosy patients.

scholarly journals Effects of Thalidomide on Intracellular Mycobacterium leprae in Normal and Activated Macrophages

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tadesse ◽  
E. J. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Erythema Nodosum Leprosum ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Distinct Sequence ◽  
Mycobacterial Antigens

ABSTRACT Thalidomide is an effective drug for the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL). ENL is an inflammatory reaction that may occur in multibacillary leprosy patients. Its cause(s) as well as the mechanism of thalidomide in arresting this condition are not fully understood. It has been suggested that ENL is an immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity precipitated by the release of Mycobacterium leprae from macrophages. The released antigen may complex with precipitating antibodies, initiating complement fixation and the production of inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Thalidomide has been shown in vitro to reduce antigen- or mitogen-activated macrophage production of TNF-α. We investigated if thalidomide could also influence the viability of intracellular M. leprae. Mouse peritoneal macrophages were infected with M. leprae, activated with gamma interferon and endotoxin, or nonactivated, and treated with thalidomide. Intracellular bacilli were recovered, and metabolic activity was assessed by a radiorespirometric procedure. Thalidomide did not possess antimicrobial action against M. leprae in normal and activated host macrophages. This suggests that thalidomide does not retard the release of mycobacterial antigens, a possible prelude or precipitating factor for ENL. A distinct sequence of events explaining the mechanism of action for thalidomide's successful treatment of ENL has yet to be established.

scholarly journals Phenolic glycolipid-I of Mycobacterium leprae induces general suppression of in vitro concanavalin A responses unrelated to leprosy type.

1987 ◽  
Vol 165 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
H K Prasad ◽  
R S Mishra ◽  
I Nath
Keyword(s):  
Concanavalin A ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Significant Suppression ◽  
Con A ◽  
Tuberculoid Leprosy ◽  
Leprosy Patients

Using a costimulant assay, in vitro Con A responses of patients across the leprosy spectrum were found to be markedly suppressed by phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I), a unique antigen of M. leprae. The degree of inducible suppression as well as the number of leprosy patients showing suppression of mitogenic responses was higher with PGL-I as compared with integral M. leprae (p less than 0.05 to less than 0.01). Both untreated lepromatous (60%) as well as tuberculoid leprosy (67%) patients showed significant suppression ranging from 13 to 64% and 12 to 79%, respectively. Thus, PGL-I appears to have a universal suppressive effect on Con A responses and is unlikely to play a central role in determining the leprosy spectrum.

Anti-amnesic activity screening of the seed ethanol extracts of Turkish Paeonia taxa by in vitro methods

Planta Medica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Sevim ◽  
FS Senol ◽  
I Orhan ◽  
B Şener ◽  
E Kaya
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Activity Screening ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Analysis of antidepressant properties of some Papaver species by in vivo and in vitro methods

Planta Medica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
OML Bayazeid ◽  
F Yalcin ◽  
M İlhan ◽  
H Karahan ◽  
E Kupeli-Akkol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Methods

The Effects of Some Synthetic Compounds on In Vitro Fibrinolytic Activity Measured by Different Methods and the Relevance to Activity In Vivo

1972 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 351-358
Author(s):  
A.J Baillie ◽  
A. K Sim
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Narrow Concentration Range

SummaryThe activity of several synthetic compounds, rated from good to poor (or inactive) fibrinolytic activators, has been assessed by two different commonly-used in vitro methods. Compounds shown to be active over a narrow concentration range in the hanging clot test were shown to be inhibitors of plasmin and trypsin in the casein-olytic test. The inhibitory activity of these compounds was shown to increase with increasing substrate concentration and apparent activity in the hanging clot test. Possible explanations and relevance of these observations are discussed.

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