scholarly journals Metals Accumulation in Muscle Tissues and Digestive Contents of Periglypta reticulata (Kerang Geton) from Lancang Island, Jakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1131
Author(s):  
Suratno Suratno ◽  
Rachma Puspitasari ◽  
Zahriza Purnadayanti ◽  
Novita Sandra
Keyword(s):  
Average Concentration ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Food Control ◽  
National Agency ◽  
Essential Metal ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Metals Accumulation ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Digestive Contents

The concentration of nineteen metals (Hg, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, Ti, Tl, V, and Zn) were determined in muscle tissues and digestive contents of Periglypta reticulata (Kerang Geton), collected from Lancang Island part of Seribu Islands, Jakarta. An interaction between toxic and essential metal in a clam is also studied. The results showed high concentrations of As (4.56), V (1.20), and Zn (4.91) mg/kg wet weight in muscle tissues and As (7.16), Ti (2.53), and Zn (8.68) mg/kg wet weight in digestive contents. Average concentrations of metals in muscle tissues and digestive contents were below regulation limit from permissible standard National Agency of Drug and Food Control except for Arsenic (As). The average concentration of metals in muscle tissues was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than in digestive contents except As, Co, Cr, Mg, and Tl, respectively. Toxic metals (Pb, Hg, Cd, and As) showed a strong correlation with several essential metals so that these metals can be a threat to the main function of a particular metal. The present study showed digestive contents could accumulate in higher metals; therefore, we suggested removing it before consuming this clam.

scholarly journals Temporal and spatial variation on heavy metal concentrations in the oyster Ostrea equestris on the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G Ferreira ◽  
A. L. S. Machado ◽  
I. R. Zalmon
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Janeiro State ◽  
Ostrea Equestris

Heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) concentrations were determined by ICP-AES in Ostrea equestris from three beaches (Barra do Furado, Buena, and Ponta do Retiro) on the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro State. The average concentration was 0.8 ± 0.18, 0.4 ± 0.21, 58 ± 25.6, 249 ± 52.3, 11 ± 1.31, 0.55 ± 0.16, 0.13 ± 0.11, and 1131 ± 321 µg.g-1 dry weight for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn respectively. Significant spatial variation (p < 0.05) between the samples areas occurred for Cr, Pb, and Zn with higher values in Barra do Furado; and for Cu in Ponta do Retiro. Significant temporal variations (p < 0.05) were observed for all metals except Cu. Temporal variability may be related to changes in the inputs of metals associated with suspended particles. Concentrations were similar to those found in areas under low pollution impact, except for Zn, the high concentrations of which probably reflect the physiological characteristics of these organisms.

Abrogation of thrombin-induced increase in pulmonary microvascular permeability in PAR-1 knockout mice

2000 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN M. VOGEL ◽  
XIAOPEI GAO ◽  
DOLLY MEHTA ◽  
RICHARD D. YE ◽  
THERESA A. JOHN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Microvascular Permeability ◽  
Agonist Peptide ◽  
Vasoconstrictor Response ◽  
Permeability Surface ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Microvessel Permeability ◽  
Pulmonary Microvessels ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Area Product

We investigated the function of proteinase-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) in the regulation of pulmonary microvascular permeability in response to thrombin challenge using PAR-1 knockout mice (−/−). Lungs were isolated and perfused with albumin (5 g/100 ml)-Krebs solution at constant flow (2 ml/min). Lung wet weight and pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa) were continuously monitored. We determined the capillary filtration coefficient ( Kfc) and125I-labeled albumin (BSA) permeability-surface area product (PS) to assess changes in pulmonary microvessel permeability to liquid and albumin, respectively. Normal and PAR-1-null lung preparations received in the perfusate: 1) thrombin or 2) selective PAR-1 agonist peptide (TFLLRNPNDK-NH2). In control PAR-1 (+/+) mouse lungs,125I-albumin PS and Kfcwere significantly increased over baseline (by ∼7- and 1.5-fold, respectively) within 20 min of α-thrombin (100 nM) challenge. PAR-1 agonist peptide (5 μM) gave similar results, whereas control peptide (5 μM; FTLLRNPNDK-NH2) was ineffective. At relatively high concentrations, thrombin (500 nM) or PAR-1 agonist peptide (10 μM) also induced increases in Ppaand lung wet weight. All effects of thrombin (100 or 500 nM) or PAR-1 agonist peptide (5 or 10 μM) were prevented in PAR-1-null lung preparations. Baseline measures of microvessel permeability and Ppain the PAR-1-null preparations were indistinguishable from those in normal lungs. Moreover, PAR-1-null preparations gave normal vasoconstrictor response to thromboxane analog, U-46619 (100 nM). The results indicate that the PAR-1 receptor is critical in mediating the permeability-increasing and vasoconstrictor effects of thrombin in pulmonary microvessels.

scholarly journals Summertime PM<sub>2.5</sub> ionic species in four major cities of China: nitrate formation in an ammonia-deficient atmosphere

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1711-1722 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Pathak ◽  
W. S. Wu ◽  
T. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Gas Phase Reaction ◽  
Particulate Pollution ◽  
Aerosol Acidity ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract. Strong atmospheric photochemistry in summer can produce a significant amount of secondary aerosols, which may have a large impact on regional air quality and visibility. In the study reported herein, we analyzed sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium in PM2.5 samples collected using a 24-h filter system at suburban and rural sites near four major cities in China (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Lanzhou). Overall, the PM2.5 mass concentrations were high (with a mean value of 55–68 gμgm−3), which reflects the long-known particulate pollution in China's large urban centers. We observed very high concentrations of sulfate and nitrate at the Beijing and Shanghai sites, and, in particular, abnormally high levels of nitrate (24-h average concentration up to 42 gμgm−3 and contributing up to 25% of the PM2.5 mass) in the ammonium-poor samples. The Beijing and Shanghai aerosols were characterized by high levels of aerosol acidity (~220–390 nmol m−3) and low levels of in-situ pH (−0.77 to −0.52). In these samples, the formation of the observed high concentrations of particulate nitrate cannot be explained by homogeneous gas-phase reaction between ammonia and nitric acid. Examination of the relation of nitrate to relative humidity and aerosol loading suggests that the nitrate was most probably formed via the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5 on the surface of the moist and acidic aerosols in Beijing and Shanghai. In comparison, the samples collected in Lanzhou and Guangzhou were ammonium-rich with low levels of aerosol acidity (~65–70 nmol m−3), and the formation of ammonium nitrate via the homogeneous gas-phase reaction was favored, which is similar to many previous studies. An empirical fit has been derived to relate fine nitrate to aerosol acidity, aerosol water content, aerosol surface area, and the precursor of nitrate for the data from Beijing and Shanghai.

scholarly journals The potentional of plants to cleanup metals from an old landfill site

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahya Jani ◽  
Charlotte Marchand ◽  
William Hogland
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Landfill Site ◽  
Group Company ◽  
Timothy Grass ◽  
Xrf Scanning ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Stability

Old landfill sites contain different hazardous materials like heavy metals which have the ability to affects the entire environment. These places are sometimes covered by plants to increase the stability of the soil and to reduce the effects of erosion. 15 soil samples (3 samples from each place) and 5-7 timothy-grass (Phleum pretense) plants from 5 different places were taken from an old landfill place in an active landfill site in Högbytorp /Sweden owned by Ragn-sells Group Company. XRF scanning was used to analyze the metal content of soil samples and of plants. High concentrations of metals were detected in the soil samples like Fe with an average of about 25000 ppm, Mn about 250 ppm and 2800 ppm of Ti. The plants results showed an average concentration of Fe in the shoots about 730 ppm, Mn about 60 ppm and Ti about 1760 ppm. On the other hand, the roots results showed an average concentration of about 10 000 ppm of Fe, about 160 ppm of Mn and 2200 ppm of Ti. These results gave the indication that the Timothy-grass has the ability to extract metals from contaminated soils and can help to cleanup these soils.

Correlation between Chlorophyll-a Concentration and Environmental Factors in Jihongtan Reservoir

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 959-962
Author(s):  
Ji Ping Ma ◽  
Cui Jie Rui ◽  
Jian Hua Ge ◽  
Yu Hua Liu ◽  
Zhi Wen Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Statistical Method ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations

Based on the Jihogntan reservoir’s monitoring data from 2006 to 2009, eutrophication of Jihongtan reservoir was assessed. The result showed that the nutrition level of the Jihongtan reservoir was middle in recent years. The average concentration of chlorophyll-a(Chla) was higher in summer and autumn than in spring and winter. The correlation between concentration of Chla and some environmental factors was studied by statistical method, and seasonal variation of Chla and the extent of eutrophication were also analyzed. The results showed that the correlations between Chla and total nitrogen(TN), dissolved oxygen(DO) and transparency were significantly negative, and that between Chla and total phosphorus(TP), temperature(T) and potassium permanganate index(COD Mn) were significantly positive. The growth of phytoplankton was promoted by TP and TN at low concentrations, and inhibited by TN at high concentrations.

Aestivation and Ionic Regulation in Two Species of Pomacea (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia)

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-585
Author(s):  
COLIN LITTLE
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Posterior Chamber ◽  
Freshwater Gastropods ◽  
Normal Value ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Relative Composition ◽  
Loss Of Weight ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
High Concentrations

1. The ionic composition of the haemolymph, and the concentrations of uric acid and protein, have been determined for the amphibious prosobranchs Pomacea lineata and P. depressa. Ionic composition of the haemolymph is similar to that of freshwater gastropods. 2. The urine is decidedly hypo-osmotic to the haemolymph, reabsorption of ions occurring in the anterior chamber of the kidney. The rate of production of urine is approximately 1 µl./g./min. at 25° C. 3. The onset of aestivation appears to be related to a loss of 20% of the normal wet weight of the tissues. The loss of weight during aestivation averages 0.009% of the initial wet weight/hr., and aestivation may continue for over 400 days. 4. During aestivation the osmotic pressure of the haemolymph may rise to twice its normal value; but this is 30 mM/l. NaCl less than that predicted from weight losses. The relative composition of the haemolymph alters little, except that the percentages of sodium and chloride increase. 5. Uric acid accumulates round the blood vessels during aestivation, especially in the lung. Relatively little accumulates in the two chambers of the kidney, and only that in the posterior chamber is excreted later. Since the volume of fluid in the posterior chamber falls to about 10% of its normal value, while the total loss of weight of the snail is about 50%, the fluid in the posterior chamber acts as a water reserve. 6. Recovery from aestivation occurs in about 24 hr., when the snails are placed in water. The posterior chamber of the kidney excretes high concentrations of uric acid during this time. 7. The characteristics of aestivation are discussed, and compared with those shown by the Pulmonata.

scholarly journals Distribution and stability of antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides in rodent brain following direct intraparenchymal controlled-rate infusion

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. E6 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Broaddus ◽  
Sujit S. Prabhu ◽  
George T. Gillies ◽  
Jeffrey Neal ◽  
William S. Conrad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Fischer 344 ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Brain

High-flow microinfusion is a novel technique for delivery of compounds directly into the brain parenchyma, bypassing the blood-brain barrier. The feasibility of this technique has been demonstrated with low-molecular-weight compounds, macromolecular dyes, and proteins. Delivery of antisense oligonucleotides into the brain parenchyma represents an additional potential application of this technique not previously described. In this report, the authors examined the distribution and disposition of phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide (PS-ODN) infused for this reason. An 18-mer 35S-PS-ODN (molecular weight approximately 6000) was infused over 1 hour into the caudate putamen of Fischer 344 rats. At 1, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after beginning the infusion, the brains were extracted and analyzed using quantitative autoradiographic techniques. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was also aspirated from the cisterna magna and analyzed for radioactivity and stability of the 35S-PS-ODN. At 1 hour, the infused ODN was uniformly distributed in brain tissue, with a maximum average concentration of 4806.5 ± 210.5 nCi/g. This represents a tissue concentration of 19.2 ± 0.84 μM. Extensive spread into surrounding parenchyma was observed over the ensuing 47 hours. The 35S-PS-ODN radioactivity peaked in the CSF at the end of the 1-hour infusion, containing 10% (50 ± 20 nCi) of the infused radioactivity. Activity then decayed exponentially over 11 hours, stabilizing at a lower CSF content of 0.2% (1 ± 0.1 nCi). The volume of distribution (Vd) was 105 ± 7.9 mm3 at 1 hour, representing a ratio of Vd/Vi (volume of infusion) of 5.2. The Vd increased to 443.4 ± 62.3 mm3 at the end of 48 hours, whereas the average minimum tissue concentration decreased from 15.2 to 3.2 μM. Undegraded 18-mer was seen throughout the 48-hour period using 20% polyacrylamide/7M urea gel electrophoresis. The animals tolerated the infusion without evidence of toxicity, and minimal structural changes in tissue were observed on histological examination. Thus, PS-ODN can be safely delivered in high concentrations to wide areas of the rat brain by using high-flow microinfusion, and the concentrations remain stable even after 48 hours in situ.

Urinary excretion of prostacyclin in a rat model of uteroplacental vasculature occlusion: implications for fetal growth retardation

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 895 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Hophy ◽  
S Harel ◽  
E Yavin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Fetal Blood ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Flow Interruption ◽  
Lower Ability ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
High Concentrations

An experimental model was devised in the pregnant rat to study by a combined high pressure liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay technique the accumulation of prostanoids (PNs) in the urine after transient-complete or permanent-partial interruption of the maternal-fetal blood flow. After 8 min of complete restriction of the blood flow in the pregnant rat at 18 days of gestation, the urinary concentration of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6k-PGF1 alpha, the stable prostacyclin metabolite) increased from 4.97 +/- 1.27 ng mg-1 creatinine to 8.09 +/- 2.47 ng mg-1 creatinine and 13.02 +/- 4.5 ng mg-1 creatinine after the second and third post-operative day respectively. The urinary concentration of the 2,3-dinor derivative of prostacyclin reached 12.35 +/- 5.44 ng mg-1 creatinine after the second post-operative day and was reduced to 4.71 +/- 1.94 ng mg-1 creatinine after the third post-operative day. The concentration of thromboxane B2 (TxB2, the stable thromboxane A2 metabolite) increased approximately 7-fold and 13-fold over that of the control after the second and third post-operative day respectively. The urinary concentration of the 2,3-dinor derivative of TxB2 (d-TxB2) increased from about 1.42 +/- 0.3 ng mg-1 creatinine to 4.49 +/- 0.9 ng mg-1 creatinine and 7.76 +/- 2.63 ng mg-1 creatinine under the same experimental conditions. Increases in the urinary concentrations of 6k-PGF1 alpha and d-TxB2 to 94 +/- 27.76 ng mg-1 creatinine and 12.05 +/- 2.26 ng mg-1 creatinine, respectively, were observed on the second post-operative day, after the restriction time was increased to 30 min. Permanent-partial occlusion of the maternal fetal circulation resulted in excretion of PNs in the urine to similar levels produced after transient-complete restriction. High concentrations of prostacyclin (range, 0.8 ng min-1 mg-1 wet weight) were produced in vitro by uterine preparations from restricted animals after the second post-operative day. Placenta preparations from restricted animals generally exhibited a lower ability to synthesize PNS (up to 0.006 ng min-1 mg-1 wet weight) compared with uterine tissue but produced more thromboxane than their sham counterparts. The data suggest that the uterus constitutes the main source for urinary PN excretion following short episodes of maternal-fetal blood flow interruption.

scholarly journals Lead and manganese accumulation on leaves of road side plants from Mauripor to Hawks Bay road, Karachi, Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-668
Author(s):  
Mohammad Salam ◽  
Fareen Mohsin ◽  
Farzana Mahmood ◽  
Inayat Ur Rahman ◽  
Aftab Afzal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
The Road ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Heavy Metals Accumulation ◽  
Conocarpus Erectus ◽  
Metals Accumulation ◽  
Roadside Plants

In order to investigate the heavy metals accumulation and their effects on roadside trees Conocarpus erectus. The total content of Pb and Mn was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry was conducted. Average concentration 10.578 ± 3.48 μg/gm of Pb and 91.98 ± 30.03 μg/gm of Mn was found. Moreover, there were variations in the level of both these heavy metals in different samples of Conocarpus tree that were collected from different locations along the road side due to different level of exposure to Pb and Mn. This physiological response of Conocarpus plant towards Pb and Mn suggests that roadside plants are good indicators of heavy metals accumulation and their subsequent effects on the environment.

scholarly journals Classification of clouds sampled at the puy de Dôme (France) based on 10 yr of monitoring of their physicochemical properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1485-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Deguillaume ◽  
T. Charbouillot ◽  
M. Joly ◽  
M. Vaïtilingom ◽  
M. Parazols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Back Trajectory ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Inorganic Constituents

Abstract. Long-term monitoring of the chemical composition of clouds (73 cloud events representing 199 individual samples) sampled at the puy de Dôme (pdD) station (France) was performed between 2001 and 2011. Physicochemical parameters, as well as the concentrations of the major organic and inorganic constituents, were measured and analyzed by multicomponent statistical analysis. Along with the corresponding back-trajectory plots, this allowed for distinguishing four different categories of air masses reaching the summit of the pdD: polluted, continental, marine and highly marine. The statistical analysis led to the determination of criteria (concentrations of inorganic compounds, pH) that differentiate each category of air masses. Highly marine clouds exhibited high concentrations of Na+ and Cl−; the marine category presented lower concentration of ions but more elevated pH. Finally, the two remaining clusters were classified as "continental" and "polluted"; these clusters had the second-highest and highest levels of NH4+, NO3−, and SO24−, respectively. This unique data set of cloud chemical composition is then discussed as a function of this classification. Total organic carbon (TOC) is significantly higher in polluted air masses than in the other categories, which suggests additional anthropogenic sources. Concentrations of carboxylic acids and carbonyls represent around 10% of the organic matter in all categories of air masses and are studied for their relative importance. Iron concentrations are significantly higher for polluted air masses and iron is mainly present in its oxidation state (+II) in all categories of air masses. Finally, H2O2 concentrations are much more varied in marine and highly marine clouds than in polluted clouds, which are characterized by the lowest average concentration of H2O2. This data set provides concentration ranges of main inorganic and organic compounds for modeling purposes on multiphase cloud chemistry.

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