scholarly journals Kinetics Modeling of Glycerol Carbonate Synthesis from Glycerol and Urea over Amberlyst-15 Catalyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1066
Author(s):  
Hary Sulistyo ◽  
Sabariyanto Sabariyanto ◽  
Muhammad Noor Ridho Aji ◽  
Muhammad Mufti Azis
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Glycerol Carbonate ◽  
Green Solvent ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Exponential Factor ◽  
Amberlyst 15

Synthesize of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and urea is an attractive path as glycerol carbonate has a large potential as a green solvent. The aim of the present study was to develop a kinetic model of glycerol carbonate synthesis with amberlyst-15 resins as a catalyst. The investigation was carried out at various temperatures from 353 to 383 K and catalyst loading from 0.25 to 1 wt.% of glycerol. The experimental results indicated that both temperature and catalyst loading have an important effect on the glycerol conversion. According to the experimental result, the highest glycerol conversion was found 36.90% which was obtained using a molar ratio of urea to glycerol 1:3, catalyst loading of 1 wt.%, stirrer speed of 700 rpm, the temperature of 383 K and reaction time of 5 h. A kinetic model was developed based on elementary steps that take place over the catalyst. The model estimated that the pre-exponential factor was 2.89.104 mol.g–1.min–1 and the activation energy was 50.5 kJ.mol–1. By comparing the simulation and experimental data, it could be inferred that the model could predict the trend of experimental data well over the range of temperature and catalyst loading investigated in the present study.

scholarly journals Solketal Production by Glycerol Acetalization Using Amberlyst-15 Catalyst

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Hary Sulistyo ◽  
Edwin Nur Huda ◽  
Tri Sarifah Utami ◽  
Wahyudi Budi Sediawan ◽  
Suprihastuti Sri Rahayu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Fuel Additive ◽  
Stirrer Speed ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Amberlyst 15 ◽  
Operation Conditions

Glycerol, as a by-product of biodiesel production, has recently increased due to the rapid growth of the biodiesel industry. Glycerol utilization is needed to increase the added value of glycerol. Glycerol can be converted to solketal, which can be used as a green fuel additive to enhance an octane or cetane number. Conversion of glycerol to solketal was conducted via acetalization reaction with acetone using amberlyst-15 as the catalyst. The objective of present study was to investigate the effect of some operation conditions on glycerol conversion. Furthermore, it also aimed to develop a kinetic model of solketal synthesis with amberlyst-15 resins. The experiment was conducted in a batch reactor, equipped with cooling water, thermometer, stirrer, and a water bath. The variables that have been investigated in the present work were reaction temperature, reactants molar ratio, catalyst loading, and stirrer speed for 3 hours of reaction time. Temperatures, reactants molar ratio, and stirrer speed appeared to have a significant impact on glycerol conversion, where the higher values led to higher conversion. On the other hand, in the presence of catalyst, the increase of catalyst loading has a less significant impact on glycerol conversion. The results showed that the highest glycerol conversion was 68.75%, which was obtained at 333 K, the reactant’s molar ratio was  4, the amount of catalyst was 1 wt%, and stirrer speed of 500 rpm. Based on the pseudo-homogeneous kinetic model, the resulting kinetic model suitable for this glycerol capitalization. The value of parameters k and Ea were 1.6135 108 min-1 and 62.226 kJ mol-1,respectively. The simulation model generally fits the experimental data reasonably well in the temperature range of 313-333 K.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous catalytic reaction of glycerol with acetone for solketal production

2019 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 07004
Author(s):  
Hary Sulistyo ◽  
Indri Hapsari ◽  
Budhijanto ◽  
Wahyudi Budi Sediawan ◽  
Suprihastuti Sri Rahayu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Fuel Additive ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalytic Reaction ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Amberlyst 15 ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalytic ◽  
Catalyst Load

The rapid growth of biodiesel industries has also increased the production of glycerol as side product. Without proper treatment, glycerol may cause serious problem for the environment. Glycerol can be reacted with acetone to produce solketal as a fuel additive. The aim of this research was to study the glycerol ketalization with acetone using Amberlyst-15 as catalyst. Experiments were undertaken in a batch reactor. A set of experiment was conducted at varying temperature (35 to 60oC), initial mole ratio of acetone to glycerol (2 – 6) and catalyst loading (1,3,5 and 7% w/w). Sample was analyzed every 30 minutes. The results showed that optimal condition was achieved at temperature of 60 °C, initial mole ratio of acetone to glycerol of 3, and the catalyst load of 3%. The highest glycerol conversion achieved was 87.41 % at 60oC for 3 hours reaction. The Pseudo Steady State Hypothesis (PSSH) has been developed as rnet =k4.CG.CAC/1+k5.CG. Parameter estimation of k4 and k5 were evaluated from experimental data at various temperatures. It appears that the model predicted the experimental data well at high conversion (above 80 min) and showed relatively poor prediction below 80 min.

Reaction Kinetics of Catalytic Esterification of Nonanoic Acid with Ethanol over Amberlyst 15

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 451-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamta Sharma ◽  
Amrit Pal Toor ◽  
Ravinder Kumar Wanchoo
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Cation Exchange Resin ◽  
Initial Reaction Rate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Nonanoic Acid ◽  
Initial Reaction ◽  
Exponential Factor ◽  
Amberlyst 15 ◽  
Heterogeneous Esterification

Abstract The kinetic behaviour of heterogeneous esterification of nonanoic acid with ethanol over an acidic cation exchange resin, Amberlyst 15, was investigated in a batch reactor and effect of various parameters such as catalyst loading, molar ratio and reaction temperature on degree of fractional conversion has been studied. Internal and external diffusions were found to be negligible in this study. Nonideality of the liquid phase was taken into account by using activities instead of concentrations. The activity coefficients were estimated using UNIFAC group contribution method. Eley–Rideal (ER) kinetic model was used to interpret the obtained kinetic data. The temperature-dependent initial reaction rate constants and the adsorption coefficients for ethanol and water were determined from the observed experimental data obtained at different initial concentration of acid, alcohol and water. Activation energy and pre-exponential factor of the reaction were found to be 53.7 kJ mol−1 and 1.51×105 l2 g−1 mol−1 h−1 respectively.

scholarly journals Utilization of Glycerol for Glycerol Carbonate Synthesis via Transesterfication Reaction over Bio-Char Catalyst prepared from reed plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-211
Author(s):  
Shafaa Dhyaa Mohamed ◽  
Muthana J. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Liquid Membrane ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Glycerol Carbonate ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Glycerol Utilization ◽  
Industry Sustainability

Biodiesel production process was attracted more attention recently due to the surplus quantity of glycerol (G) as a byproduct from the process. Glycerol Utilization must take in to consideration to fix this issue also, to ensure biodiesel industry sustainability. Highly amount of Glycerol converted to more benefit material Glycerol carbonate (GC) was one of the most allurement compound derived from glycerol by transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate (DMC). Various parameters have highly impact on transesterification was investigated like catalyst loading (1-5) %wt., molar ratio of DMC: glycerol (5:1 – 1:1), reaction time (30 - 150) min and temperature (40 – 80) ᴼC. The Optimum glycerol carbonate yield (YGC) and glycerol conversion (XG) was obtained 94.2% and 94.5% respectively at catalyst loading 5% wt., temperature 70ᴼC, DMC:G ratio 5:1 and 120 min. GC has large scale of uses such as liquid membrane in gas separation, surfactants ,detergents , blowing agent , in plastics industry, in  Pharmaceutical industry and electrolytes in lithium batteries.

scholarly journals Kinetic modeling of canola oil transesterification catalyzed by quicklime

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.N. Camacho ◽  
G. E. Galván Muciño ◽  
S.L. Martínez Vargas ◽  
C. Pérez Alonso ◽  
R. Natividad
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
High Effect ◽  
Kinetics Of

This work aimed to study and model the kinetics of transesterification of canola oil with methanol catalyzed by calcined quicklime (CaO + MgO). The influence of three main variables was studied at 328 K: reagents order addition (has a negligible effect on the reaction), methanol-oil molar ratio (has minor effect on reaction rate after 1.5 h of reaction) and catalyst loading (high effect on reaction rate) to achieve at least a triglycerides conversion of 96.5% in concordance with norm EN 14103. A kinetic model based on an Eley-Rideal mechanism was found to well fit (R2 = 0.9886) the experimental data. Thus, it was concluded that for the quicklime catalyzed transesterification of canola oil with methanol to occur, first the methanol must be chemisorbed and the resulting methoxy species react with triglycerides in the interface liquid-solid. The whole process is limited by this step since methanol readily adsorbs onto the catalytic surface.

scholarly journals Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from dimethyl carbonate and glycerol using CaO derived from eggshells

2018 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 03045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanichaya Praikaew ◽  
Worapon Kiatkittipong ◽  
Kunlanan Kiatkittipong ◽  
Navadol Laosiripojana ◽  
Navin Viriya-empikul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Glycerol Carbonate ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Carbonate Production

Waste eggshell is proposed as a highly active catalyst for glycerol carbonate production from dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and glycerol. The effect of reaction temperature, reaction time and catalyst loading on the reaction performance were investigated in order to find a suitable operating condition. CaO derived from waste eggshell exhibits catalytic activity comparable to commercial CaO. By using CaO eggshell, glycerol conversion of 96% can be achieved within 90 min of reaction time under 2.5:1 feed molar ratio of DMC to glycerol, 0.08 mole ratio of CaO to glycerol and reaction temperature of 60°C. The catalyst was examined by XRD, TGA/DSC, SEM, N2 adsorption-desorption and Hammett indicators method. Utilization of eggshell as a catalyst for glycerol carbonate production not only provides a cost-effective and value-added of waste eggshell as a green catalyst, but also decrease amount of waste and its treatment cost which is ecologically friendly.

Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate by Transesterification of Glycerol with Dimethyl Carbonate over Mg-Al Mixed Oxides Supported on MCM-41

2014 ◽  
Vol 1008-1009 ◽  
pp. 319-322
Author(s):  
Gong De Wu ◽  
Xiao Li Wang ◽  
Zhi Li Zhai ◽  
Ao Yun Cao
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Supported Catalysts ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Glycerol Carbonate ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Mcm 41

The Mg-Al mixed oxides were deposited on the MCM-41 via the coprecipitation followed by thermal decomposition and characterized by many techniques. In the transesterification of glycerol (GL) with dimethyl carbonate (DMC), the resulting supported catalysts exhibited much higher catalytic performance than the pure Mg-Al mixed oxides, which was ascribed to the increased basicity. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the obtained data showed that at DMC/glycerol molar ratio of 3:1, catalyst loading of 0.3 g and reaction temperature of 373 K, the glycerol conversion and glycerol carbonate yield from the process was 98.7 % and 92.5%, respectively.

scholarly journals Kinetic Modelling and Optimizing of Butyl Propionate over a Synthesied Material (Tungstan Phosphoric Acid) Heteropoly Catalyst Using Response Surface Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-280
Author(s):  
Raju Kalakuntala ◽  
Srinath Surnani
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Response Surface Technique ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
Surface Technique

The performance of heteropoly acid i.e., Tungstan phosphoric acid for the synthesis of butyl propionate at optimized conditions. Effect on conversion and yield of propionic acids using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were evaluated by different process parameters including catalyst loading, alcohol/acid molar ratio. There were no external and internal mass transmission limits. A quadratic model acquired by the variance study (ANOVA) has been shown to view experimental data successfully with the regression (R2 = 0.94 and R2 = 0.942) coefficients approaching to unity. The pseudo homogeneous kinetic model (PH) validated with experimental data to determine kinetic parameters i.e., activation energy (45.97 kJ/mol) and frequent factor (91319 L/mol-min).

scholarly journals THE SYNTHESIS OF GLYCEROL CARBONATE FROM BIODIESEL BY PRODUCT GLYCEROL AND UREA OVER AMBERLYST 15

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reviana Inda Dwi Suyatmo ◽  
Hary Sulistyo ◽  
Wahyudi Budi Sediawan
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Equimolar Amount ◽  
Glycerol Carbonate ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Renewable Fuel ◽  
Amberlyst 15 ◽  
High Boiling Point ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Catalyst Load

The growing utilization of biodiesel as a renewable fuel has generated a large surplus of glycerol as a major byproduct. The prices of glycerol continue to drop in such an oversaturated market. Therefore, new uses are being developed for glycerol to produce value-added chemicals. Among those chemicals, glycerol carbonate has many application in various fields. Glycerol carbonate is mostly used as a solvent in cosmetic and pharmacheutical industries due to its low toxicity, high boiling point, and low vapor pressure. The synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and urea using Amberlyst15 as a catalyst was being conducted in this study. The reaction was carried out using a batch reactor for 5 hours with the condition of the reaction temperature was around 120oC, mole ratios of reactant of urea:glycerol were 0.8:1, 0.9:1, 1:1, and 1.2:1 , catalyst concentrations were 2%, 2,5%, 3%, and 4%, and mixing speeds were 370 rpm, 525 rpm, and 700 rpm. It is found that the optimum conversion of glycerol was obtained at 120oC with 5 hours of reaction using an equimolar amount of glycerol and urea with catalyst load of 3%. Mixing speed did not affect glycerol conversion. Amberlyst15 as catalyst was also stable enough to be reused at least for three times.

scholarly journals Kinetics of Transesterification of Safflower Oil to Obtain Biodiesel Using Heterogeneous Catalysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 929-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel E. Galván Muciño ◽  
Rubi Romero ◽  
Armando Ramírez ◽  
María Jesús Ramos ◽  
Ramiro Baeza-Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Safflower Oil ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Best Fit

Abstract The kinetics of the transesterification of safflower oil and methanol catalyzed by K2O/NaX was studied and modeled. The influence of the oil-methanol initial molar ratio and amount of catalyst were investigated to achieve a maximum triglycerides conversion (99 %) and a final methyl esters content of 94 % ±1. A kinetic model based on an Eley–Rideal mechanism was found to best fit the experimental data when assuming methanol adsorption as determining step. Other models derived from Langmuir – Hinshelwood – Hougen –Watson (LHHW) mechanisms were rejected based on statistical analysis, mechanistic considerations and physicochemical interpretation of the estimated parameters.

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