scholarly journals Screening of Microwave-Assisted-Batch Extraction Parameters for Recovering Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents from Chromolaena odorata Leaves through Two-Level Factorial Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwaseun Ruth Alara ◽  
Abdurahman Hamid Nour ◽  
Siti Kholijah Binti Abdul Mudalip
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Microwave Power Level

Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of phenolic compounds from Chromolaena odorata leaves was investigated using one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) and two-level factorial design. The MAE parameters studied were irradiation time (A: 1–5 min); microwave power level (B: 400-800 W); extraction temperature (C: 60–80 °C); solvent/feed ratio (D: 8:1–14:1 mL/g); and ethanol concentration (E: 20–60% v/v). The optima yields of TPC and TFC were 56.13 mg GAE/g d.w. and 44.78 mg QE/g d.w., respectively were achieved from MAE of C. odorata leaf at irradiation time of 2 min, microwave power of 600 W, temperature of 60 °C, solvent:feed ratio of 10:1 mL/g, and ethanol concentration of 40% v/v through one-factor-at-time (OFAT) experimental trials. The results obtained from a two-level factorial design experiments reflected that only ethanol concentration (20–60% v/v), irradiation time (1–5 min) and microwave power level (400–800 W) had significant effects on the yields of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) from C. odorata leaves (p < 0.05). However, temperature and solvent/feed ratio was not significant. In addition, the interactions AB (irradiation time and microwave power) and AE (irradiation time and ethanol concentration) contributed greatly to the recovery yields.

scholarly journals Phase Transformation of VO2Nanoparticles Assisted by Microwave Heating

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phatcharee Phoempoon ◽  
Lek. Sikong
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Power ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Thermochromic Properties ◽  
Microwave Power Level

The microwave assisted synthesis nowadays attracts a great deal of attention. Monoclinic phase VO2(M) was prepared from NH4VO3andH2C2O4·2H2Oby a rapid microwave assisted technique. The synthesis parameters, microwave irradiation time, microwave power, and calcinations temperature were systematically varied and their influences on the structure and morphology were evaluated. The microwave power level has been carried out in range 180–600 W. TEM analysis demonstrated nanosized samples. The structural and morphological properties were measured using XRD, TEM, and thermal analyses. The variations of vanadium phase led to thermochromic properties.

scholarly journals Application of Plackett Burman Design for Antioxidant Extraction from Actinodaphne sesquipedalis leaves

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S3) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Power ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Burman Design ◽  
Plackett Burman Design ◽  
Microwave Power Level

Actinodaphne sesquipedalis Hook. F. Var. Glabra (Kochummen), also known as “Medang payung” by the Malay people, belongs to the Lauraceae family. In this study, a Plackett-Burman design was used to evaluate the significant extraction parameters in achieving maximum DPPH radical scavenging activity from ethanol leaves extract of A. sesquipedalis. Microwave-assisted extraction technique was employed using aqueous ethanol. The independent parameters were microwave power level (30–60 W), feed-to-solvent ratio (1:30 g/ml), irradiation time (30-90 s) and ethanol concentration (20–80%). Amongst the examined parameters, ethanol concentration, microwave power level, and irradiation/extraction time were significant, whereas, feed-to-solvent ratio was insignificant. Therefore, antioxidants from the ethanolic extraction leaves of A. sesquipedalis using microwave technique are significantly affected by ethanol concentration, irradiation time and microwave power.

scholarly journals TWO LEVEL FACTORIAL SCREENING OF MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION PARAMETERS FOR THE RECOVERY OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM VERNONIA CINEREA LEAF

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-28
Author(s):  
Oluwaseun Ruth Alara ◽  
Nour Hamid Abdurahman ◽  
John Adewole Alara
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Vernonia Cinerea ◽  
Phenolics Compounds

Vernonia cinerea is one of the medicinal plants with several potentials for treating different ailments. In the present study, Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was employed in extracting phenolics compounds from this plant. However, different factors that affect this extraction method in the recovery of phenolics compounds abound, these factors need to be screened to determine actual contributing factor in order to minimize cost. Irradiation time (1-5 min), ethanol concentration (20-60% v/v), microwave power (40-80 W), extraction temperature (40-80 oC), and feed/solvent (1:10 - 1:18 g/mL) have been screened using two-factorial design for the recoveries of phenolic compounds from V. cinerea leaves. The results obtained in this study indicated that only microwave power, ethanol concentration, irradiation time and feed/solvent contributed to recoveries of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) from V. cinerea leaves. Thus, these factors at these ranges can be further optimized to obtain optimal yields of phenolic compounds from V. cinerea leaves.

scholarly journals Extraction of Phytosterol Concentration in Different Legume Pods by Using Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 796
Author(s):  
Noormazlinah Noormazlinah ◽  
Norlaili Hashim ◽  
Abdurahman Hamid Nour ◽  
Mimi Sakinah Abdul Munaim ◽  
Maria Pilar Almajano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Solvent Concentration ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy ◽  
Optimum System ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Extraction Parameters

The traditional ways in the extraction of bioactive compounds using conventional methods are disadvantageous from both economic and environmental perspectives. In this, the potential of microwave-assisted hydrodistillation conditions for extraction of phytosterol from legume pods was investigated. Salkowski test performed on the legume pod has shown the reddish brown in all sample which confirmed the presence of phytosterol qualitatively. Liebermann-Burchard procedure and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) apparatus were used to study the concentration of phytosterol at different extraction parameters which are temperature (25–80 °C), solvent concentration (50–100% v/v), irradiation time (1–10 min) and microwave power (400–800 W). The optimal conditions for highest yield of extract (0.219 mg/L) were obtained at a microwave power of 600 W, the irradiation time of 6 min, and ethanol concentration of 75% v/v. Results obtained in this study have shown the capability of microwave-assisted hydrodistillation in the extraction of phytosterol from legume pod. Further works are nevertheless required to provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved to facilitate the development of an optimum system applicable to the industry.

MICROWAVE ASSISTED PYROLYSIS (MAP) OF AUTOMOTIVE PAINT SLUDGE (APS)

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakiuddin Januri ◽  
Norazah Abdul Rahman ◽  
Siti Shawalliah Idris ◽  
Sharmeela Matali ◽  
Shareena Fairuz Abdul Manaf
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Power ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Sample Weight ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Automotive Paint ◽  
Paint Sludge ◽  
Microwave Power Level ◽  
Radiation Time ◽  
Weight Loading

Hazardous waste such as automotive paint sludge has a potential to be recovered or treated with advance method such as microwave assisted pyrolysis. It is an advantage for the process with the aid of microwave radiation to the system due to the high affinity of water in the automotive paint sludge which acts as the medium of heating in the microwave pyrolysis reaction. By having such process, not only it is good to dispose the automotive paint sludge but three different products have been recovered from that process such as solid char, liquid oil and gas. With the high hydrocarbon content in the automotive paint sludge, it was estimated that high valuable hydrocarbon might be recovered in the liquid product. From this research, three parameters were studied and analyzed for the product distribution and liquid oil recovered which are sample weight loading, microwave power level and radiation time. It was observed that best sample weight loading, microwave power level and radiation time to produce high liquid hydrocarbon oil were 200g, 1000W and 30 minutes respectively in which 0.1g or 0.27% was liquid oil recovered from overall sample weight loading. 

scholarly journals Application of2kFull Factorial Design in Optimization of Solvent-Free Microwave Extraction of Ginger Essential Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mumtaj Shah ◽  
S. K. Garg
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Microwave Extraction ◽  
Microwave Power Level

The solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oil from ginger was optimized using a 23full factorial design in terms of oil yield to determine the optimum extraction conditions. Sixteen experiments were carried out with three varying parameters, extraction time, microwave power, and type of sample for two levels of each. A first order regression equation best fits the experimental data. The predicted values calculated by the regression model were in good agreement with the experimental values. The results showed that the extraction time is the most prominent factor followed by microwave power level and sample type for extraction process. An average of 0.25% of ginger oil can be extracted using current setup. The optimum conditions for the ginger oil extraction using SFME were the extraction time 30 minutes, microwave power level 640 watts, and sample type, crushed sample. Solvent-free microwave extraction proves a green and promising technique for essential oil extraction.

scholarly journals Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Total Phenolic and Total Flavonoid Contents from Fruits of Docynia indica (Wall.) Decne. Using Response Surface Methodology

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Le ◽  
Manh Nguyen ◽  
Dinh Vu ◽  
Minh Pham ◽  
Quoc Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Docynia indica (D. indica) shows various useful biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial effects, and positive benefits for human health. Such biological activities relate to the main phytochemicals of D. indica including phenolic and flavonoid. However, isolation for phenolic and flavonoid by popular methods such as hot extraction, soxhlet extraction, and ultrasonic extraction have been relatively ineffective. Therefore, in this study, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was used for the extraction of total phenolic and total flavonoid from D. indica. The optimization experiments were conducted based on response surface methodology (RMS) according to a central composite design with four independent variables: extraction time (min), ethanol concentration (%, v/v), microwave power (W), and pH of the solvent. Three dependent variables were total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and yield. The optimal conditions for the extraction of phenolic and flavonoid from D. indica were: extraction time of 50 min, ethanol concentration of 65%, microwave power of 440 W, and solvent pH of 5.4. These conditions corresponded to TPC, TFC, and yield values of 33.57 ± 0.12 (mg GAE/g), 25.01 ± 0.11 (mg QE/g) and 33.44 ± 0.14 (%), respectively.

Study of color kinetics of banana (Musa cavendish) under microwave drying by application of image analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 108201322098133
Author(s):  
Sagar Nagvanshi ◽  
Subbarao Kotra Venkata ◽  
TK Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Power ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Slice Thickness ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Volumetric Heating ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Microwave Power Level

Microwave drying works on the volumetric heating concept promoted by electromagnetic radiation at 0.915 or 2.450 GHz. In this study, banana ( Musa Cavendish) was taken as the sample and treated under microwave drying. The effect of two process variables, namely slice thickness (2, 3.5, and 5 mm) and microwave power (180 W, 360 W, and 540 W), were studied on drying kinetics and color kinetics. It was observed that the inverse variation relationship exists between drying time and microwave power level while drying time and slice thickness exhibited a direct variation relationship. A Computer Vision System (CVS) was developed to measure the color values of banana in CIELab space using an algorithm written in MATLAB software. Once the color parameters were obtained, they were fitted in First and Zero-order kinetic models. Both models were found to describe the color values adequately. This study concludes that microwave drying is a promising dehydration technique for banana drying that reduces the significant time of drying. Application of CVS is an excellent approach to measure the surface color of banana.

Microwave-Irradiated Preparation of Super Absorbent Resin by Graft Copolymerization of Starch and Acrylic Acid

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 1335-1338
Author(s):  
Da Biao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Simple Process ◽  
One Step ◽  
Microwave Power Level

Graft copolymerization of acrylic acid(AA) on starch to prepare super absorbent resin (SAR) under microwave irradiation were investigated using N,N-methylene bis-acrylamide as crosslinker and potassium persulfate as initiator. The influences of the amount of initiator and crosslinker, neutralization degree of acrylic acid(AA), ratio of starch to AA, microwave power level and irradiation time on the distilled water absorption amount of resin were investigated. The results indicated that it only needed 4min under the microwave level of 231W to obtain the resin with the maximum absorption amount of 1110g×g-1, under the conditions that 0.3wt% initiator, 0.02wt% crosslinker, 60% neutralization degree of acrylic acid, the ratio of starch to acrylic acid of 0.25. Under microwave irradiation, the synthesis and drying of super absorbent resin could be completed at one step without nitrogen. Compared to conventional heating method, the methods had the striking advantages of short reaction time, simple process and low cost.

scholarly journals Microwave-assisted extraction of non-polar compounds from pistachio hull and characterization of extracts

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. Özbek ◽  
D. Koçak Yanık ◽  
S. Fadıloğlu ◽  
H. Keskin Çavdar ◽  
F. Göğüş
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Power ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Tocopherol Content ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction

Soxhlet and microwave assisted extraction (MAE) methods were used to obtain non-polar compounds from pistachio hull. MAE parameters (liquid to solid ratio, microwave power, and extraction time) were studied to obtain maximum extraction yield. The optimal conditions were found to be liquid to solid ratio of 15:1 (v/w), microwave power of 250 W and extraction time of 12.5 min. The extraction yields were 9.81 and 9.50% for MAE and Soxhlet methods, respectively. The total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and tocopherol content of the extract obtained by MAE was found to be significantly higher than those of the Soxhlet extract (p < 0.05). The results showed that the extract contained α-tocopherols (567.65 mg/kg) and oleic acid (48.46%) as the major tocopherols and fatty acids. These findings propose that hull extracts can be considered as a good source of natural bioactive compounds and MAE can be a good alternative to the traditional Soxhlet method.

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