scholarly journals Separation Factor of Y/Dy Emulsion on Membrane Process Using Nitric Acid and D2EHPA Solvent

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 865
Author(s):  
Kris Tri Basuki ◽  
Niken Siwi Pamungkas
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Separation Factor ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Mixed Solution ◽  
Extractant Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stirring Rate ◽  
External Phase ◽  
Stirring Time ◽  
Internal Concentration

Liquid extraction of Y that containing Dy using bis-2-Ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) extractant has been conducted. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum parameter in a separation process that uses membrane emulsion. As the aqueous phase, a mixed solution of Y2O3 and Gd2O3 containing Y 10 g/L and Gd 250 mg/L was used. D2EHPA as extractant or organic phase with a variety of concentration was diluted with kerosene. Emulsifier Span-80 was used to make an emulsion of membrane liquid. The internal phase of the liquid membrane used 0.20–0.50 M nitric acid, and the external phase used 1–5 M nitric acid. The studied parameters were extractant concentration, stirring speed, stirring time, and the ratio of the internal and external phase. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) was used for the analysis of Y and Dy. The analysis of Y and Dy used the X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). The optimization results of the extraction process of Y with emulsion membrane using D2EHPA extractants obtained the following conclusions: the optimum stirring rate was 8500 rpm, the D2EHPA concentration was 4.5% in kerosene, the internal concentration was 0.45 M nitric acid, the external concentration was 4 M nitric acid, the stirring time was 10 min that fixed stirring rate was 500 rpm, and the ratio of internal and external phase was 1:1. This conditions acquired a separation factor (SF) Y-Gd of 7.57.

scholarly journals Pemisahan Itrium dengan Cara Ekstraksi Menggunakan Solven TOPO

EKSPLORIUM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Tri Handini ◽  
I Made Sukarna ◽  
Anisa Dwi Yuniyanti
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Distribution Coefficient ◽  
Separation Factor ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Extractant Concentration ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Oxide Concentration ◽  
Stirring Time

ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan proses pemisahan itrium dengan cara ekstraksi menggunakan solven TOPO. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi optimum pengaruh variasi konsentrasi ekstraktan, waktu pengadukan, dan keasaman umpan logam tanah jarang serta mengetahui koefisien distribusi (Kd), faktor pisah (FP), dan efisiensi ekstraksi (%), dengan metode ekstraksi cair-cair. Umpan yang digunakan adalah logam tanah jarang dari pasir senotim. Ekstraktan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah TOPO (tri-n-oktilfosfina oksida). Kadar itrium (Y), disprosium (Dy), dan gadolinium (Gd) ditentukan menggunakan spektrometer pendar sinar-X. Kondisi optimum yang diperoleh dari penelitian proses ekstraksi ini meliputi: konsentrasi ekstraktan 20% TOPO dalam kerosin, waktu pengadukan 15 menit, keasaman umpan 0,5 M. Nilai koefisien distribusi yang diperoleh Y = 5,61; Dy = 2,06; Gd = 0,99. Efisiensi ekstraksi Y = 85,13%, Dy = 67,80%, Gd = 50,17% sedangkan faktor pisah Y-Dy = 2,7186 dan Y-Gd = 5,6861. ABSTRACT Separation process of yttrium by extraction using TOPO solvents has been done. The purpose of this study is to  find out the optimum condition of the variation effect of extractant concentration, stirring time, and acidity of the rare earth feed and to determine the distribution coefficient, separation factor, and extraction efficiency (%), using the liquid-liquid extraction method. The feed used  were rare earth  elements of xenotime sand. The extractant used in the research were TOPO (tri-n-octylphosphine oxide). Concentration of yttrium (Y), disprosium (Dy), and gadolinium (Gd) were  determined using X-ray fluorescene spectrometer. Optimum conditions of the extraction process obtained from this study were: TOPO extractant concentration in kerosene 20%, stirring time 15 minutes, acidity of feed 0.5 M. Obtained value of distribution coefficient  Y = 5.61; Dy = 2.06; Gd = 0.99. For extraction efficiency Y = 85.13%, Dy = 67.80%, Gd = 50.17% whereas separation factor Y-Dy = 2.7186 and Y-Gd = 5.6861.

scholarly journals Modelling and Optimizing the Solvent Extraction of Cadmium from Phosphoric Acid using Experimental Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-643
Author(s):  
K. Berkalou ◽  
A. Nounah ◽  
H. Chaair ◽  
M. Khamar ◽  
R. Boussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Stirring Rate ◽  
Stirring Time ◽  
Variable Space

The removal of cadmium from phosphoric acid was carried out using the solvent extraction process, taking into account factors such as pH, concentration of the extracting agent [EA], organic phase/aqueous phase (O/A) ratio, stirring time and stirring rate. In order to study the effect of these involved factors and their interactions on the extraction percentage of cadmium, a composite central design (CCD) of 24 experiments was adopted. An empirical model was developed and validated by applying ANOVA analysis. The graphical representation of this model in the variable space allowed to determine the optimal conditions of these factors. The extraction of cadmium from phosphoric acid reached a percentage of the order of 98%, under the following conditions: pH = 3, [EA] = 10-2 M, O/A = 1.1, stirring time 90 min, stirring rate 800 rpm.

Extraction of Zirconium From Iraqi Bauxite Ore

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (10A) ◽  
pp. 1421-1429
Author(s):  
Israa A. Aziz ◽  
Moayyed G. Jalhoom ◽  
Muhanad A. Kheriallah
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Stirring Rate ◽  
Bauxite Ore ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Hydrometallurgical Method

This research is devoted to the study of the extraction of zirconium from Iraqi Bauxite Ore by using hydrometallurgical method. The chemical analysis was done to the bauxite ore by using X-ray florescence, X-ray diffraction and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Zirconium Extraction was performed via three stages; the first stage is leaching of bauxite with sodium hydroxide for alumina leaching. The second stage is leaching of zirconium species from the remained powder produced from stage one after washing with deionized water and, nitric acid (HNO3 solutions). The results of the first stage has reflected the recovery of 42.27 % of Al2O3 which has been leached 100°C temperature, 7.5 molar of NaOH, liquid to solid ratio of 20/1, and stirring rate 450 rpm.  The highest leaching percent of zirconium (Zr%) from the red mud approached 98.48 % at 100°C temperature, 7 molar acid concentration, 120 min. contact time, solid to liquid  ratio (S/L) of 16/1, and stirring rate of 450 rpm. 99.47% recovery of zirconium was accomplished  from  nitric acid solutions by use of 3molar tri-n-butylephosphate (TBP)in kerosene at ,contact time for 6 min, and organic to aqueous phase (O/A) of 4/1.

Dysprosium (Dy) Separation from Yttrium Concentrate in Nitric Acid Solution Using Aliquat 336 Solvent

2020 ◽  
Vol 840 ◽  
pp. 573-579
Author(s):  
Kris Tri Basuki ◽  
Ridwan Arifudin ◽  
Wahyu Rachmi Pusparini ◽  
Andri Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Separation Factor ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Nitric Acid Concentration ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Aliquat 336 ◽  
Distribution Constant ◽  
Solvent Concentration ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Stirring Time

Similarity of chemical and physical properties between rare-earth elements (REEs) and Dy is the main concern in order to get Dy with high purity, which it is necessary to do separation by extraction process. The purpose of this research is to obtain the optimum condition of operation (stirring time and rate, concentration of nitric acid, feed, and solvent) and determine the distribution constant, separation factor, and extraction efficiency of Dy using Aliquat 336. This research was conducted by varying stirring time (10, 15, 20, 30, 40 minutes), stirring rate (100, 150, 200, 250, 300 rpm), nitric acid concentration (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 N), feed concentration (25,000; 50,000; 100,000; 150,000; 200,000 ppm) and solvent concentration (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 % v/v). The optimum result is achieved when operation is carried out at stirring 100 rpm about 15 minutes in nitric acid 3 N with 100,000 ppm of feed concentration using 30% solvent concentration (v/v) which extract more Dy element than Yttrium (Y) and Godolinium (Gd). The highest distribution constant of Dy is 0.427, separation factor of Dy-Y is 6.831, separation factor of Dy-Gd is 1.799, and extraction efficiency of Dy is 31.604%.

Extraction of iron, cobalt, nickel and copper with dibenzyl sulfoxide solution in toluene

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 2024-2031 ◽  
Author(s):  
František Vláčil ◽  
Huynh Dang Khanh
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Distribution Ratio ◽  
Separation Factor ◽  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Iron Cobalt ◽  
Cobalt Nickel ◽  
Factor Α

The dependence of the distribution ratio of the metal on the concentration of hydrochloric of nitric acid was examined for Fe, Co, Ni and Cu extraction with 0.05M solution of dibenzylsulfoxide in toluene. Iron is extracted considerably more than the other metals, and is better extracted from hydrochloric acid than from nitric acid. The separation factor αFe/M (for 8M-HCl) is of the order of 104; this is not sufficient for a separation of trace quantities of iron from Co, Ni and Cu, but even at lower concentrations of HCl (e.g., 5M) the values is high enough for extraction chromatographic separation. The composition of the iron solvate extracted from HCl or LiCl medium was determined to be HFeCl4.2 B (B = dibenzyl sulfoxide).

scholarly journals Nitration of Jharia basin coals, India: a study of structural modifications by XRD and FTIR techniques

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabal Boral ◽  
Atul K. Varma ◽  
Sudip Maity
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Interlayer Spacing ◽  
Acetic Acid Medium ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Media

AbstractFour coal samples from Jharia basin, India are treated with nitric acid in glacial acetic acid and aqueous media to find out the chemical, petrographic and spatial structure of the organic mass by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. X-ray parameters of coal like interlayer spacing (d002), crystallite size (Lc), aroamticity (fa), average number of aromatic layers (Nc), and coal rank (I26/I20) have been determined using profile-fitting software. Considerable variation is observed in treated coals in comparison to the demineralized coals. The d002 values of treated coals have increased in both the media showing increase in disordering of organic moieties. A linear relationship has been observed between d002 values with the volatile matter of the coals. Similarly, the d002 values show linear relationship with Cdmf contents for demineralized as well as for the treated coals in both the media. The Lc and Nc values have decreased in treated coals corresponding to demineralized coals. The present study shows that nitration in both the media is capable of removing the aliphatic side chains from the coals and aromaticity (fa) increases with increase in rank and shows a linear relationship with the vitrinite reflectance. The corresponding I26/I20 values are least for treated coals in glacial acetic acid medium followed by raw and then to treated coals in aqueous medium. FTIR studies show that coal arenes of the raw coals are converted into nitro-arenes in structurally modified coals (SMCs) in both the media, the corresponding bands at 1550–1490 and 1355–1315 cm−1 respectively. FTIR study confirms that nitration is the predominant phenomenon, though, oxidation and nitration phenomena takes place simultaneously during treatment with nitric acid to form SMCs. In comparison to raw coals, the SMCs show higher aromaticity and may be easily converted to coal derived products like activated carbon and specialty carbon materials.

scholarly journals Incorporation of silver stearate nanoparticles in methacrylate polymeric monoliths for hemeprotein isolation

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 399-411
Author(s):  
Eman Alzahrani
Keyword(s):  
Noble Metals ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Polymeric Scaffold ◽  
Extended Surface ◽  
Unique Method ◽  
Unique Approach ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

AbstractA unique method was used to synthesize extremely stable silver stearate nanoparticles (AgStNPs) incorporated in an organic-based monolith. The facile strategy was then used to selectively isolate hemeproteins, myoglobin (Myo) and hemoglobin (Hb). Ethyl alcohol, silver nitrate, and stearic acid were, respectively, utilized as reducing agents, silver precursors, and capping agents. The color changed to cloudy from transparent, indicating that AgStNPs had been formed. AgStNP nanostructures were then distinctly integrated into the natural polymeric scaffold. To characterize the AgStNP–methacrylate polymeric monolith and the silver nanoparticles, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were used. The results of the SEM analysis indicated that the AgStNP–methacrylate polymeric monolith’s texture was so rough in comparison with that of the methacrylate polymeric monolith, indicating that the extraction process of the monolith materials would be more efficient because of the extended surface area of the absorbent. The comparison between the FT-IR spectra of AgStNPs, the bare organic monolith, and AgStNP–methacrylate polymeric monolith confirms that the AgStNPs were immobilized on the surface of the organic monolith. The EDX profile of the built materials indicated an advanced peak of the Ag sequence which represented an Ag atom of 3.27%. The results therefore established that the AgStNPs had been successfully integrated into the monolithic materials. Extraction efficiencies of 92% and 97% were used to, respectively, recover preconcentrated Myo and Hb. An uncomplicated method is a unique approach of both fabrication and utilization of the nanosorbent to selectively isolate hemeproteins. The process can further be implemented by using other noble metals.

Preliminary Study of Alginates Extracted from Brown Algae (Sargassum sp.) Available in Madura Island as Composite Based Hydrogel Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 964 ◽  
pp. 240-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaliya Rasyida ◽  
Thalyta Rizkha Pradipta ◽  
Sigit Tri Wicaksono ◽  
Vania Mitha Pratiwi ◽  
Yeny Widya Rakhmawati
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Preliminary Study

Utilization of brown algae especially in Madura, where it’s close to Surabaya, only limited for food. This become a reference for developing and increasing the potential of this algae by extracting one of the ingredients, namely alginate. This paper deals with the characterization of sodium alginate extracted from sargassum sp. using modified-purified calcium routes. The extracted sodium alginate will be further used as composite hydrogel materials and compared with commercial sodium alginate. Hereafter, the synthesized composite is expected to be bio-ink for 3d printer. Chemical composition analysis were analyzed using X-Ray Fluorosense (XRF) followed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis to identify the functional group of composite and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, viscosity bath is performed to compare the viscosity of extracted and commercial one. The result shows that modified-purified calcium routes in the extraction process of sodium alginate is desirable for improving their properties. Interestingly enough, with the goal of using it as bio-ink in 3d printed fabrication, the synthesized composite shows viscosity, 300 cSt, which meets the criteria for bio-ink in 3d printer.

scholarly journals Hydrogen bonding in melamine compounds of amino acids

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C534-C534
Author(s):  
Nasreddine Ghouari ◽  
Nourreedine Benali-Cherif
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Organic Cation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hybrid Compounds ◽  
Amino Butyric Acid ◽  
3D Network ◽  
Bonding Electron

The theme of this work is part of the study of intermolecular interactions that hold the crystal structures of hybrid compounds based sulphuric acid, nitric acid, Melamine, Diethylamine, L-(+) - glutamic acid, DL-2-amino butyric acid. The aim of this work is to enlarge our laboratory researches [1-3] and methods in synthesis of new hybrid compounds consisting in organic cation(s) and mineral anion(s). We have obtained single crystals of a few samples after several trials and we plan to synthesize and characterize these crystals by X-ray diffraction, FTIR and Raman. The crystals structures allow us to study the 3D network hydrogen bonding, electron density and collect several other informations useful in FTIR and Raman studies of these hybrid compounds.

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