scholarly journals Hydrocracking of Coconut Oil over Ni-Fe/HZSM-5 Catalyst to Produce Hydrocarbon Biofuel

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Al-Muttaqii ◽  
Firman Kurniawansyah ◽  
Danawati Hari Prajitno ◽  
Achmad Roesyadi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Incipient Wetness

This present study was aimed to investigate the hydrocracking of coconut oil using Ni-Fe/HZSM-5 catalyst in a batch reactor at three reaction temperatures (350, 375, and 400 °C). The Ni-Fe/HZSM-5 catalyst was prepared by using incipient wetness impregnation. The Ni-Fe/HZSM-5 catalyst was characterized using XRD, BET, and SEM-EDX. From XRD results, the loading of Ni and Fe did not change the crystalline structure of HZSM-5 catalyst. The surface area of HZSM-5 was 425 m2/g and decreased after the addition of metals (Ni and Fe) into HZSM-5 support. These changes implied that Ni and Fe particles were successfully dispersed on the HZSM-5 surface and incorporated into HZSM-5 pore. The product of hydrocarbon biofuel was analyzed using GC-MS. The GC-MS results of hydrocarbon biofuel showed the highest compounds for n-paraffin and yield for gasoil was 39.24 and 18.4% at a temperature of 400 °C, respectively. The reaction temperature affected the yield and the composition of hydrocarbon biofuel. At this reaction temperature condition, decarboxylation and decarbonylation were favored; lead to the formation of n-alkanes with an odd number of carbon atoms chain length.

scholarly journals Bio-kerosene and Bio-gasoil from Coconut Oils via Hydrocracking Process over Ni-Fe/HZSM-5 Catalyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Al-Muttaqii ◽  
Firman Kurniawansyah ◽  
Danawati Hari Prajitno ◽  
Achmad Roesyadi
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

In this study, hydrocracking of coconut oil over Ni-Fe/HZSM-5 catalyst was carried out in a batch reactor under different reaction temperature. Coconut oil is proposed as one of the potential feedstock for biofuel production. The Ni-Fe/HZSM-5 catalyst was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method. The characterization of Ni-Fe/HZSM-5 catalyst by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDAX), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The chemical composition of biofuel was analyzed by Gas-Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results from the GC-MS analysis showed that the hydrocracking reaction over 10 % (Ni-Fe)/HZSM-5 catalyst at temperature of 375 oC obtained the highest hydrocarbon content (contained 49.4% n-paraffin, 26.93 % isoparaffin, 3.58 % olefin) and the highest yield of bio-gasoil 38.6 % in the biofuel liquid hydrocarbon. Pentadecane (n-C15) and heptadecane (n-C17) were the most abundant hydrocarbon compounds in biofuel liquid hydrocarbon. Decarboxylation and/or decarbonylation was the dominant reaction pathways in this process. Based on the result, the reaction temperature had a significant effect on the distribution of biofuel composition and yield of biofuel from coconut oil. Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reserved 

Vapor-phase Oxidation of Cyclohexane over Supported Fe-Mn Catalysts: In-Situ DRIFTS studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijendra Kumar Yadav ◽  
Taraknath Das
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Oxide Catalysts ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
In Situ Drifts ◽  
Mn Oxide ◽  
Phase Oxidation

Alumina-supported Fe-Mn oxide catalysts were synthesized by the incipient wetness impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized by using various characterization techniques such as surface area, XRD, H2-TPR, and Raman spectra...

Cobalt oxide functionalized nanoporous carbon electrodes and their excellent supercapacitive performance

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (18) ◽  
pp. 13930-13940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dattatray S. Dhawale ◽  
Gurudas P. Mane ◽  
Stalin Joseph ◽  
Siddulu N. Talapaneni ◽  
Chokkalingam Anand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cobalt Oxide ◽  
Nanoporous Carbon ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Supercapacitive Performance ◽  
Supercapacitor Application ◽  
Impregnation Technique ◽  
Incipient Wetness ◽  
Coo Nanoparticles

Nanoporous carbon (CMK-3-150) functionalized with different amounts of cobalt oxide (CoO) nanoparticles was synthesized by an incipient wetness impregnation technique for supercapacitor application.

scholarly journals Optimization of compositions and technology of production of small-clinker floured cements using the most effective fillers

2021 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
N.B. Sarsenbayev ◽  
◽  
B.K. Sarsenbayev ◽  
Zh.T. Aimenov ◽  
A.Zh. Aimenov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Fine Powders ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Actual Evaluation ◽  
Technology Of Production

Considering the physical chemistry of grinding it is worth quoting the grinding of mineral building material as “the change of physical-chemical properties of finely ground materials can not only be due to the reducing the particle sizes, at mechanical grinding significant changes of the crystalline structure of their surface layers (thickness 15-20 microns) take place, in many cases the technological properties of fine powders are not so much due to dispersability but are namely due to the structure rupture”, at that the energy costs for this are “significantly greater than for the exposal of surfaces with a clean cleavage”. The speed of heterogeneous chemical processes involving fine powders is determined primarily not by the magnitude of their specific surface area, as commonly is believed, but by the decrease of energy of activation as the result of crystalline structure rupture and amorphization. However, both specific surface area and energy demands to achieve are actual evaluation of the effectiveness of any material grinding at a particular unit. The main factor of the production process of cements of low water demand is the grinding, characterized by grindability.

Preparation of Nanosize Anatase TiO2 Powders by Hydrothermal Synthesis

2007 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 2017-2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Yong Ran ◽  
Wen Bin Cao ◽  
Yan Hong Li ◽  
Xiao Ning Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Anatase Tio2 ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Precursor Concentration

Nanosize anatase TiO2 powders have been synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis by using technical grade TiOSO4 as precursor and urea as precipitating agent. The initial pressure of the reaction system was set at 6 MPa. Stirring speed was fixed at 300r/min. The reaction system reacted at the temperature ranged from 110 to 150°C for holding 2hrs to 8hrs and the concentration of the precursor was ranged from 0.25M to1.5M. XRD patterns show that the synthesized powders are in the form of anatase phase. Calculated grain size is ranged from 6.7 to 8.9nm by Scherrer method from the line broadening of the (101) diffraction peak of anatase. The specific surface area of the powders synthesized under different conditions is ranged from 124 to 240m2/g. The grain size of the powders increases with the increase of the reaction temperature, holding time and precursor concentration, respectively. The specific surface area decreases with the increase of reaction temperature and holding time, and does not obviously change with the change of precursor concentration when the concentration of the precursor is less than 1M. However, when the concentration is higher than 1M, the specific surface area will decrease quickly with the increase of the precursor concentration. XRD and DSC-TG analysis shows that the synthesized anatase TiO2 will begin to transform to rutile TiO2 at about 840°C. When heated to 1000°C for holding 1h, the anatase powders will transform to rutile completely.

scholarly journals Experimental and statistical study for leaching of niobium pentoxide from Pakistani ore

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Muhammad Ahmad ◽  
Sadia Akhtar ◽  
Muhammad Khan ◽  
Muhammad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Niobium Pentoxide ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Separation Science ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Process

The growing demand for niobium pentoxide, based on its use in separation processes, established its prominent significance as a leading candidate in the field of separation science and technology. This study reports the extraction of niobium pentoxide from pyrochlore ore occurring in Sillai Patai, KPK, Pakistan. It is difficult to recover niobium pentoxide from Pakistani ore due to its low concentration. Niobium pentoxide is an important material used in manufacturing industries for different purposes. Most of the commercially employed extraction processes are associated with serious environmental impacts and are not efficient in extracting niobium pentoxide from low concentration pyrochlore. Alkali potash has been used for separation and purification of niobium pentoxide because it is efficient and an environmentally friendly process. The leaching of niobium pentoxide is carried out in a batch reactor using alkali potash as a leachant. Various process parameters, including ore particle size, reaction temperature, reaction time and alkali to ore mass ratio, were examined statistically during the leaching process. It was observed that reaction temperature and ore particle size were more significant compared to other parameters. The maximum percent recovery of niobium pentoxide (95%) was obtained at 280?C in 90 min, while keeping the ore particle size 44 ?m and alkali to ore mass ratio of 7:1.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Photocatalytic Oxidation of Glucose to Value-Added Chemicals on TiO2 Photocatalysts by A Zeolite (Type Y) Support and Metal Loading

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamonchanok Roongraung ◽  
Surawut Chuangchote ◽  
Navadol Laosiripojana
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Gluconic Acid ◽  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Microwave Assisted

TiO2-based photocatalysts synthesized by the microwave-assisted sol-gel method was tested in the photocatalytic glucose conversion. Modifications of TiO2 with type-Y zeolite (ZeY) and metals (Ag, Cu, and Ag-Cu) were developed for increasing the dispersion of TiO2 nanoparticles and increasing the photocatalytic activity. Effects of the TiO2 dosage to zeolite ratio (i.e., TiO2/ZeY of 10, 20, 40, and 50 mol %) and the silica to alumina ratio in ZeY (i.e., SiO2:Al2O3 of 10, 100, and 500) were firstly studied. It was found that the specific surface area of TiO2/ZeY was 400–590 m2g−1, which was higher than that of pristine TiO2 (34.38 m2g−1). The good properties of 20%TiO2/ZeY photocatalyst, including smaller particles (13.27 nm) and high surface area, could achieve the highest photocatalytic glucose conversion (75%). Yields of gluconic acid, arabinose, xylitol, and formic acid obtained from 20%TiO2/ZeY were 9%, 26%, 4%, and 35%, respectively. For the effect of the silica to alumina ratio, the highest glucose conversion was obtained from SiO2:Al2O3 ratio of 100. Interestingly, it was found that the SiO2:Al2O3 ratio affected the selectivity of carboxylic products (gluconic acid and formic acid). At a low ratio of silica to alumina (SiO2:Al2O3 = 10), higher selectivity of the carboxylic products (gluconic acid = 29% and formic acid = 32%) was obtained (compared with other higher ratios). TiO2/ZeY was further loaded by metals using the microwave-assisted incipient wetness impregnation technique. The highest glucose conversion of 96.9 % was obtained from 1 wt. % Ag-TiO2 (40%)/ZeY. Furthermore, the bimetallic Ag-Cu-loaded TiO2/ZeY presented the highest xylitol yield of 12.93%.

scholarly journals Study on Adsorption Mechanism and Failure Characteristics of CO2 Adsorption by Potassium-Based Adsorbents with Different Supports

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao-guo Fan ◽  
Li Jia ◽  
Yan-lin Wang ◽  
Rui Zhao ◽  
Xue-song Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Adsorption Mechanism ◽  
Co2 Adsorption ◽  
Carbonation Reaction ◽  
Failure Characteristics ◽  
Boiler Fly Ash

In order to obtain the adsorption mechanism and failure characteristics of CO2 adsorption by potassium-based adsorbents with different supports, five types of supports (circulating fluidized bed boiler fly ash, pulverized coal boiler fly ash, activated carbon, molecular sieve, and alumina) and three kinds of adsorbents under the modified conditions of K2CO3 theoretical loading (10%, 30%, and 50%) were studied. The effect of the reaction temperature (50 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C, 80 °C, and 90 °C) and CO2 concentration (5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, and 15%) on the adsorption of CO2 by the adsorbent after loading and the effect of flue gas composition on the failure characteristics of adsorbents were obtained. At the same time, the microscopic characteristics of the adsorbents before and after loading and the reaction were studied by using a specific surface area and porosity analyzer as well as a scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffractometer. Combining its reaction and adsorption kinetics process, the mechanism of influence was explored. The results show that the optimal theoretical loading of the five adsorbents is 30% and the reaction temperature of 70 °C and the concentration of 12.5% CO2 are the best reaction conditions. The actual loading and CO2 adsorption performance of the K2CO3/AC adsorbent are the best while the K2CO3/Al2O3 adsorbent is the worst. During the carbonation reaction of the adsorbent, the cumulative pore volume plays a more important role in the adsorption process than the specific surface area. As the reaction temperature increases, the internal diffusion resistance increases remarkably. K2CO3/AC has the lowest activation energy and the carbonation reaction is the easiest to carry out. SO2 and HCl react with K2CO3 to produce new substances, which leads to the gradual failure of the adsorbents and K2CO3/AC has the best cycle failure performance.

scholarly journals Karakterisasi Katalis CaO dan Uji Aktivitas pada Kinetika Reaksi Transesterifikasi Minyak Kedelai

METANA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Setiarto Pratigto ◽  
Istadi Istadi ◽  
Dyah Hesti Wardhani
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Free Variable ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Base Strength ◽  
Velocity Equation ◽  
High Base ◽  
The Relationship

Penelitian ini akan mengkaji kinetika reaksi transesterifikasi minyak kedelai dengan metanol menggunakan katalis CaO dengan parameter rasio mol reaktan terhadap konversi metil ester yang digunakan untuk menentukan persamaan kecepatan reaksi. Katalis CaO digunakan untuk reaksi transesterifikasi karena memiliki kekuatan basa yang tinggi, ramah lingkungan, kelarutan yang rendah dalam metanol. Kinetika reaksi untuk reaktor batch dihitung saat reaksi berlangsung berdasarkan rejim surface area limited yang menentukan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bentuk persamaan kecepatan reaksi transesterifikasi minyak kedelai dan metanol menggunakan katalis CaO menurut metode differential reactor. Penelitian dilakukan dengan reaksi transesterifikasi minyak kedelai dan metanol dengan katalis CaO dengan variabel bebas perbandingan mol reaktan. Hasil penelitian mengemukakan metanol teradsorpsi di permukaan katalis dan trigliserida tidak teradsorpsi di permukaan katalis menunjukkan mekanisme reaksi katalitik Eley-Rideal. Persamaan kecepatan reaksi dapat digunakan dalam perancangan reaktor, sehingga hubungan antara konversi trigliserida menjadi biodiesel dengan kebutuhan berat katalis dan volume reaktor yang diperlukan dapat diprediksi. This study will examine the kinetics of the transesterification reaction of soybean oil with methanol using a CaO catalyst with the parameters of the mole ratio of reactants to the conversion of methyl esters used to determine the reaction velocity equation. CaO catalyst is used for transesterification reaction because it has high base strength, environmentally friendly, low solubility in methanol. The reaction kinetics for a batch reactor are calculated when the reaction takes place based on a decisive surface area limited regime. The purpose of this study was to determine the shape of the speed equation for the transesterification of soybean oil and methanol using a CaO catalyst according to the differential reactor method. The research was carried out with the transesterification reaction of soybean oil and methanol with a CaO catalyst with a free variable ratio of reactant moles. The results of the study revealed that methanol adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst and triglycerides not adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst showed an Eley-Rideal catalytic reaction mechanism. The reaction speed equation can be used in reactor design, so the relationship between the conversion of triglycerides to biodiesel with the required catalyst weight and the reactor volume required can be predicted.

scholarly journals Production of Biofuel via Catalytic Hydrocracking of Kapuk (Ceiba pentandra) Seed Oil with NiMo/HZSM-5 Catalyst

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 06001 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Gede Andy Andika Parahita ◽  
Yustia Wulandari Mirzayanti ◽  
Ignatius Gunardi ◽  
Achmad Roesyadi ◽  
Danawati Hari Prajitno
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Ceiba Pentandra ◽  
Hydrocracking Process

Biofuel is one of alternative energy that is being developed today to solve the problem of limited fossil fuel as an energy source. The goal of this study is to produce biofuel from kapuk (Ceiba pentandra) seed oil (KSO) through catalytic hydrocracking process using NiMo/HZSM-5 catalyst. NiMo/HZSM-5 catalyst was obtained by impregnation of nickel and molybdenum as metallic precursors on HZSM-5 catalyst as support using incipient wetness impregnation method. It was found that the surface area of the catalyst was 222.1350 m2/g, the pore diameter was 3.0148 nm and the pore volume was 0.1674 cm3/g. The diffraction peaks of nickel oxide phase and the metallic phase of nickel were observed at 2θ of 62.5102° and 51.7283°. Molybdenum oxide phases were observed at 2θ of 53.5674° and 60.4682°. The catalytic hydrocracking process was performed using slurry pressure batch reactor at the temperature of 350°C for 2 h. The obtained liquid product was analyzed using GC-MS in order to determine the organic content. It has been found that the highest compounds were the palmitic acid with 23.14 area%. Besides, the hydrocarbon composition consisted of 33.93 area% (i.e. 4.34 area% cycloparaffins, 16.02 area% n-paraffins, 12.26 area% olefins, and 1.30 area% of aromatics) and 58.73 area% of carboxylic acid. Thus, it can be concluded that NiMo/HZSM-5 catalyst can convert KSO into biofuel through catalytic hydrocracking process at the temperature of 350°C for 2 h.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document