scholarly journals Synthesis and Structural Analysis of Powder Complex of Tris(bipyridine)cobalt(II) Trifluoromethanesulfonate Octahydrate

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 696
Author(s):  
Kristian Handoyo Sugiyarto ◽  
Cahyorini Kusumawardani ◽  
Kristanti Eka Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Functional Group ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Charge Ratio ◽  
Monoclinic Symmetry ◽  
Ligand Interaction ◽  
Orbital Contribution ◽  
Allowed Transition ◽  
Forbidden Transition ◽  
Yellow Orange ◽  
Orange Powder

The powder complex of tris(bipyridine)cobalt(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate octahydrate has been synthesized by direct interaction of the corresponding aqueous solutions (and drops of ethanol) of cobalt(II) nitrate, bipyridine, and potassium triflate. The yellow-orange powder produced was filtered off and allowed to dry on an aeration for characterization. AAS measurement showed the content of metal to be 6.06%, corresponding to the theoretical value of 6.06% in [Co(bipy)3](CF3SO3)2.8H2O. The analysis of conductance producing the charge ratio of cation to anion to be 2:1, confirms the formula. The magnetic moment, µeff, of this complex which was to be 4.5-4.9 BM, indicates that the complex is paramagnetic corresponding to the three unpaired electrons with a significantly orbital contribution. UV-Vis spectrum of the complex reveals the first band observed at about 11100 cm–1, which is associated with the spin-allowed transition, 4T1g → 4T2g. A distinct shoulder at only about 16100 cm–1 should be associated with the spin-forbidden transition of 4T1g → 2T2g,2T2g (G). The expected second and third bands which are associated with spin-allowed transitions of 4T1g → 4T1g(P) and 4T1g → 4A2g at higher energy were not well resolved. The infrared spectrum shows absorptions of the functional group of ligand which is influenced by the metal-ligand interaction in this complex. The powder XRD of this complex was refined using Le Bail method of Rietica program and found to be fit as monoclinic symmetry with a space group of C2/c.

Vacuum Carbothermic Reduction of Alumina

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Halmann ◽  
Aldo Steinfeld ◽  
Michael Epstein ◽  
Irina Vishnevetsky
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Carbothermic Reduction ◽  
Induction Furnace ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Furnace Heating ◽  
Yellow Orange ◽  
Orange Powder ◽  
Equilibrium Calculations

The current industrial production of aluminum from alumina is based on the electrochemical Hall-Héroult process, which has the drawbacks of high-greenhouse gas emissions, reaching up to 0.70 kg CO2-equiv/kg Al, and large energy consumption, about 0.055 GJ/kg Al. An alternative process is the carbothermic reduction of alumina. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations and experiments by induction furnace heating indicated that this reaction could be achieved under atmospheric pressure only above 2200° C. Lower required reaction temperatures can be achieved by alumina reduction under vacuum. This was experimentally demonstrated under simulated concentrated solar illumination and by induction furnace heating. By decreasing the CO partial pressure from 3.5 mbar to 0.2 mbar, the temperature required for almost complete reactant consumption could be decreased from 1800°C to 1550°C. Deposits condensed on the relatively cold reactor walls contained up to 71 wt% of Al. Almost pure aluminum was observed as Al drops, while a gray powder contained 60–80% Al and a yellow-orange powder contained only Al4C3, Al-oxycarbides and Al2O3.

Turbulent structure beneath surface gravity waves sheared by the wind

1996 ◽  
Vol 328 ◽  
pp. 313-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Thais ◽  
J. Magnaudet
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Wind Waves ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Surface Gravity ◽  
Wave Turbulence ◽  
Orbital Contribution ◽  
Surface Gravity Waves ◽  
Turbulent Statistics

New experiments have been carried out in a large laboratory channel to explore the structure of turbulent motion in the water layer beneath surface gravity waves. These experiments involve pure wind waves as well as wind-ruffled mechanically generated waves. A submersible two-component LDV system has been used to obtain the three components of the instantaneous velocity field along the vertical direction at a single fetch of 26 m. The displacement of the free surface has been determined simultaneously at the same downstream location by means of wave gauges. For both types of waves, suitable separation techniques have been used to split the total fluctuating motion into an orbital contribution (i.e. a motion induced by the displacement of the surface) and a turbulent contribution. Based on these experimental results, the present paper focuses on the structure of the water turbulence. The most prominent feature revealed by the two sets of experiments is the enhancement of both the turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation rate with respect to values found near solid walls. Spectral analysis provides clear indications that wave–turbulence interactions greatly affect energy transfers over a significant frequency range by imposing a constant timescale related to the wave-induced strain. For mechanical waves we discuss several turbulent statistics and their modulation with respect to the wave phase, showing that the turbulence we observed was deeply affected at both large and small scales by the wave motion. An analysis of the phase variability of the bursting suggests that there is a direct interaction between the waves and the underlying turbulence, mainly at the wave crests. Turbulence budgets show that production essentially takes place in the wavy region of the flow, i.e. above the wave troughs. These results are finally used to address the nature of the basic mechanisms governing wave–turbulence interactions.

scholarly journals LCZ696 Attenuated Doxorubicin-Induced Chronic Cardiomyopathy Through the TLR2-MyD88 Complex Formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiju Ye ◽  
Lan Su ◽  
Peiren Shan ◽  
Bozhi Ye ◽  
Shengjie Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Function ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Ligand Interaction ◽  
Computational Docking ◽  
Heart Damage ◽  
Key Residues

Background and PurposeThe profibrotic and proinflammatory effects induced by doxorubicin (DOX) are key processes in the development of serious heart damage. Lack of effective drugs and the unclear mechanisms of its side effects limit the clinical treatment of DOX-induced cardiac injury. This study aimed to explore the protective role of LCZ696 and the potential mechanism of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in doxorubicin-induced cardiac failure.Experimental ApproachDOX (5 mg/kg/week, three times) was used to establish a chronic cardiomyopathy mouse model. Heart function tests, pathology examinations and molecular biology analyses were used to explore the effects of LCZ696 and TLR2 deficiency in vivo and in vitro. Computational docking was applied to predict the key residues for protein-ligand interaction.Key ResultsThe EF% declined, and the LVIDd, pro-fibrosis marker levels and NF-κB related inflammatory response increased in the chronic cardiomyopathy group induced by DOX. LCZ696 treatment and TLR2 deficiency reversed these heart damage in vivo. In H9C2 cells, pre-treatment with LCZ696 and TLR2 knockdown suppressed the DOX-induced high expression of profibrotic and proinflammatory markers. Moreover, DOX notably increased the TLR2-MyD88 interaction in vivo and in vitro, which was inhibited by LCZ696. Finally, we demonstrated the direct interaction between DOX and TLR2 via hydrogen bonds on Pro-681 and Glu-727 and Pro-681 and Ser-704 may be the key residues by which LCZ696 affects the interaction between DOX and TLR2.Conclusion and ImplicationsLCZ696 prevents DOX-induced cardiac dilation failure, fibrosis and inflammation by reducing the formation of TLR2-MyD88 complexes. LZC696 may be a potential effective drug to treat DOX-induced heart failure.

Study on Composite Optics Properties of FeCl2·4H2O Crystal in Material Engineering

2012 ◽  
Vol 583 ◽  
pp. 187-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Miao ◽  
Yi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Optical Devices ◽  
Structure Parameters ◽  
Energy Matrix ◽  
Material Engineering ◽  
Allowed Transition ◽  
Forbidden Transition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Good Agreement

Crystal material has an important role in material engineering. FeCl2•4H2O crystal has broad prospects in composite which has been used in energy filed, water treatment field and chemstry industry. To investigate the relationship between properties and construction, absorption spectra has been researched.Considering the crystal structure parameters and average covalent factor N, the energy levels of Fe2+ in FeCl2•4H2O crystal are calculated by diagonalizing the energy matrix of d6. When the value of N is 0.9, the calculated results are in good agreement with the results of experiment. By investigating absorption spectra, the peaks at 5600 cm-1can be assigned as the splitting from1A1 to 5T2. The peak belongs to spin-forbidden transition. The peaks at 6300 cm-1 and 6600 cm-1 can be assigned as the splitting from 3T1 to 5T2 and 5E to 5T2 respectively, which belong to spin-forbidden transition and spin-allowed transition .The peak at 9100 cm-1can be assigned as the splitting from 3T2 to 5T2. The peak at 14800 cm-1 can be assigned as the splitting from 3T1 to 5T2. All results can be used for the production of optical devices.

A New AID for Interpolating and Assessing Collision Strengths and Rate Coefficients

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 107-110
Author(s):  
A. Burgess ◽  
H.E. Mason ◽  
J.A. Tully
Keyword(s):  
Significant Loss ◽  
Impact Excitation ◽  
Rate Coefficients ◽  
Electron Impact Excitation ◽  
Graphical Display ◽  
Practical Procedure ◽  
Positive Ions ◽  
Allowed Transition ◽  
Computational Errors ◽  
Existing Data

AbstractA new way of critically assessing and compacting data for electron impact excitation of positive ions is proposed. This method allows one (i) to detect possible printing and computational errors in the published tables, (ii) to interpolate and extrapolate the existing data as a function of energy or temperature, and (iii) to simplify considerably the storage and transfer of data without significant loss of information. Theoretical or experimental collision strengths Ω(E) are scaled and then plotted as functions of the colliding electron energy, the entire range of which is conveniently mapped onto the interval (0,1). For a given transition the scaled Ω can be accurately represented - usually to within a fraction of a percent - by a 5 point least squares spline. Further details are given in (2). Similar techniques enable thermally averaged collision strengths upsilon (T) to be obtained at arbitrary temperatures in the interval 0 < T < ∞. Application of the method is possible by means of an interactive program with graphical display (2). To illustrate this practical procedure we use the program to treat Ω for the optically allowed transition 2s → 2p in ArXVI.

Nutrient-regulated gene expression in eukaryotes

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Reece ◽  
Laila Beynon ◽  
Stacey Holden ◽  
Amanda D. Hughes ◽  
Karine Rébora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
A Cell ◽  
One Step ◽  
Higher Eukaryotes ◽  
Regulated Gene Expression

The recognition of changes in environmental conditions, and the ability to adapt to these changes, is essential for the viability of cells. There are numerous well characterized systems by which the presence or absence of an individual metabolite may be recognized by a cell. However, the recognition of a metabolite is just one step in a process that often results in changes in the expression of whole sets of genes required to respond to that metabolite. In higher eukaryotes, the signalling pathway between metabolite recognition and transcriptional control can be complex. Recent evidence from the relatively simple eukaryote yeast suggests that complex signalling pathways may be circumvented through the direct interaction between individual metabolites and regulators of RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription. Biochemical and structural analyses are beginning to unravel these elegant genetic control elements.

Demonstration of a direct interaction between a colonic divalent cation receptor and the basolateral Na−H exchanger

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A529-A530
Author(s):  
P GEIBEL ◽  
M OREILLY ◽  
H VIEWEGER ◽  
K SIEBERT ◽  
N OBREIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Divalent Cation ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Cation Receptor
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