scholarly journals Adsorption of β-Carotene in Isopropyl Alcohol with Decolorized Activated Carbon as Model for β-Carotene Adsorption in Crude Palm Oil

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ulfah ◽  
Sri Raharjo ◽  
Pudji Hastuti ◽  
Purnama Darmadji
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Isotherm Study ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Β Carotene

The objective of this research was to characterize the porosity of decolorized activated carbon (DAC) and its ability to adsorb β-carotene as a preliminary study to characterize activated carbon as an adsorbent to adsorb carotene from crude palm oil. The capability of DAC to adsorb β-carotene was studied using isopropyl alcohol as a solvent in equilibrium conditions. The adsorption time was specified for 0.5 to 60 min, while the DAC optimum concentration for adsorption of β-carotene was determined at a concentration of 0.5 to 2.5%. Adsorption isotherm study was conducted for a β-carotene concentration of 100 to 500 ppm and at temperatures of 30, 40 and 50 °C at equilibrium time and DAC optimum concentration. The results showed that the DAC had a surface area of 1068.391 m2/g, total pore volume of 0.952 cc/g, mesopore volume of 0.528 cc/g (55.4%) and mesopore radius of 15.26 Å. Based on the levels of β-carotene adsorbed onto the DAC, the equilibrium was reached after adsorption of 5 min. Decolorized activated carbon with a concentration of 1.5% was able to adsorb β-carotene optimally. Adsorption of β-carotene at 40 °C for 60 min according to Freundlich models with the intensity of adsorption of 1.002 and adsorption capacity of 63.358 L/mg. While the adsorption of β-carotene at 50 °C for 60 min in accordance with the model of Langmuir, the adsorption capacity of 33.206 mg/g and the Langmuir adsorption equilibrium constant of 1.721 L/mg.

scholarly journals ADSORPSI β-KAROTEN YANG TERKANDUNG DALAM MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT (CRUDE PALM OIL) MENGGUNAKAN KARBON AKTIF

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Irvan ◽  
Olyvia Putri Wardhani ◽  
Nurul Aini ◽  
Iriany
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Final Concentration ◽  
Kinetics Model ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Enthalpy Changes ◽  
Β Carotene

Crude palm oil (CPO) is the richest natural source of carotenoids which gives the reddish-orange color in crude palm oil. The reddish color in  unprocessed palm oil is disliked by consumer. This research is aimed to adsorb the β–carotene from the CPO using activated carbon, then the kinetics, isotherm models and thermodynamics data of the adsorption process were obtained. The main materials used in this research were CPO and activated carbon. The observed parameters were final concentration  and the amounts of adsorbed β–carotene in activated carbon. The adsorption process was conducted by mixing the adsorbent with CPO with the variation of adsorbent: CPO (w/w) ratio = 1 : 3; 1 : 4; 1 : 5 and 1 : 6 with mixing  speed 120 rpm and the temperature of 40, 50 and 60 oC. The sample of CPO and activated carbon was analyzed at every 2 minutes until the equilibrium was achieved. The final concentration of the unadsorbed β–carotene was analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the more CPO used in the process, the lower the adsorption percentage. The higher the adsorption temperature, the higher  adsorption percentage. Moreover, the maximum adsorption percentage was 95.108%  obtained at ratio 1 : 3 and T = 60 oC. The adsorption isotherm model which fit with the β–carotene adsorption at T = 60 oC was Langmuir model with the correlation coefficient of 0.959. The adsorption kinetics model which fit with the β–carotene adsorption was the second order kinetics model with the correlation coefficient of 0.998. The value of free energy Gibbs (ΔG) = -24,482.484 ; -24,708.059 and -24,933.634 J/mol for each temperature respectively, value of entropy changes (ΔS) = 22.557 J/mol K, and value of enthalpy changes (ΔH) = -17,421.987 J/mol.

scholarly journals DESORPSI β-KAROTEN MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT (CRUDE PALM OIL) DARI KARBON AKTIF MENGGUNAKAN ISOPROPANOL

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Nurul Aini ◽  
Olyvia Putri Wardhani ◽  
Iriany
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Desorption Kinetics ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Desorption Process ◽  
First Order ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Main Material

The aim of the research is to study the ability of isopropyl alcohol in the desorption of β-carotene and to obtain kinetic model and desorption isoterm which is suitable in β-carotene desorption. The main material used were isopropyl alcohol and activated carbon containing β-carotene. The variabels used in this research are desorption temperature,  activated carbon concentration  and parameter observed is concentration of β-carotene in isopropyl alcohol. In the desorption process, activated carbon which adsorp β-carotene was soaked in isopropyl alcohol. To review the desorption kinetics, this research was carried out in various temperature such as 40 oC, 50 oC, and 60 oC. In desorption isoterm process is, various mass of activated carbon was used. Desorption process will be analyzed at spesified time. This research used the first order of desorption kinetics model. The desorption constant rate obtained for 40 oC, 50 oC, and 60 oC are 0,013, 0,014, and 0,036 minute-1 with activation energy is 0,226 kkal/mol. The maximum desorption percentage obtain is 41,94 %. The desorption isoterm model which fit with the β-carotene desorption was Langmuir isoterm model with constanta value 1,2077 L/mg and -0,2218.

Effect of valence of copper on adsorption of dimethyl sulfide from liquid hydrocarbon streams on activated bentonite

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Huang ◽  
De-Zhi Yi ◽  
Yan-Nan Lu ◽  
Xiao-Lin Wu ◽  
Yun-Peng Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Copper Cation ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Activated Bentonite ◽  
Better Than

AbstractSamples of activated bentonite and activated bentonite modified with CuCl and CuCl2, separately, were tested as dimethyl sulfide (DMS) adsorbents. The adsorption and desorption behaviours of DMS on the adsorbents were studied systematically. The adsorbents were characterised by nitrogen adsorption, XRD, and DMS-TPD tests. The addition of CuCl and CuCl2 to the activated carbon significantly enhanced the adsorption capacity of DMS, despite a notable decrease in the specific surface area and total pore volume of the activated bentonite. It is presumed that copper cation species may act as an adsorption site for DMS. The adsorption capacity of Cu(II)-bentonite was better than that of Cu(I)-bentonite. The DMS-TPD patterns indicate that the stronger electrophilicity of Cu(II) compared to that of Cu(I) caused it to interact with the DMS molecules more strongly, thus contributing to a better adsorptive performance. The Cu(II)-bentonite calcined at 150°C had the best DMS removal performance with a high sulphur capacity of 70.56 mg S g−1 adsorbent. The DMS removal performance became much lower with the increase in the calcination temperature, which appeared to be due to the decrease in the CuCl2·2H2O phase and the formation of the monoclinic Cu(OH)Cl phase.

scholarly journals Single-Stage Microwave-Assisted Coconut-Shell-Based Activated Carbon for Removal of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) from Aqueous Solution: Optimization and Batch Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Azrina Aziz ◽  
Mohamad Nasran Nasehir Khan ◽  
Mohamad Firdaus Mohamad Yusop ◽  
Erniza Mohd Johan Jaya ◽  
Muhammad Azan Tamar Jaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Radiation Power ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Adsorption System ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Preparation Conditions

This research aims to optimize preparation conditions of coconut-shell-based activated carbon (CSAC) and to evaluate its adsorption performance in removing POP of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). The CSAC was prepared by activating the coconut shell via single-stage microwave heating under carbon dioxide, CO2 flow. The total pore volume, BET surface area, and average pore diameter of CSAC were 0.420 cm3/g, 625.61 m2/g, and 4.55 nm, respectively. The surface of CSAC was negatively charged shown by the zeta potential study. Response surface methodology (RSM) revealed that the optimum preparation conditions in preparing CSAC were 502 W and 6 min for radiation power and radiation time, respectively, which corresponded to 84.83% of DDT removal and 37.91% of CSAC’s yield. Adsorption uptakes of DDT were found to increase with an increase in their initial concentration. Isotherm study revealed that DDT-CSAC adsorption system was best described by the Langmuir model with monolayer adsorption capacity, Qm of 14.51 mg/g. The kinetic study confirmed that the pseudo-second-order model fitted well with this adsorption system. In regeneration studies, the adsorption efficiency had slightly dropped from 100% to 83% after 5 cycles. CSAC was found to be economically feasible for commercialization owing to its low production cost and high adsorption capacity.

scholarly journals Isolasi dan mikroenkapsulasi vitamin E dari crude palm oil sebagai sumber antioksidan bahan pangan Isolation and microencapsulation of vitamin E from crude palm oil as source of food antioxidant

2016 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma KRESNAWATY ◽  
Asmini BUDIANI ◽  
. TRI-PANJI ◽  
. SUHARYANTO
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Purification Method ◽  
Arabic Gum ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Technological Constraints ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Microencapsulation Method

AbstractIn order to increase  value added  and  to support downstream industry of  palm oil, minor components of the oil such as β-carotene and vitamin E should be utilized. Vitamin E is a high value  vitamin  that could be used as material for pharmaceutical and  neutraceutical products. Technological constraints encountered in the utilization of  vitamin E from CPO are lack of optimal extraction and purification method as well as the way to stabilize of the product. The research was conducted to find optimal extraction and purification method of vitamin E from CPO and microencapsulation method of vitamin E as pharmaceutical and neutraceutical product. The research showed that vitamin E could be recovered  from CPO by several steps process including saponification using NaOH, separation of unsaponificated  solution,  followed by dissolution using 2-propanol in hexane and extraction  using methanol. Raw extract of vitamin E was then purified by coloumn chromatography with stationary phase of silica gel and mobile phase (eluent) of petroleum benzene/ diethyl ether/acetic acid 70 : 30 : 0,2. Purified vitamin E could be collected as fraction 4-8. Vitamin E obtained  had  similar antioxidant activity as in pure vitamin E (Sigma) and vitamin C. Microencapsulation method could be conducted using arabic gum as coating material followed by spray drying and resulted IC50-DPPH value 132.55  ppm which considered middle activity category.AbstrakUntuk meningkatkan nilai tambah dan mengem-bangkan industri hilir minyak kelapa sawit (CPO), komponen minor minyak tersebut seperti vitamin E dan β-karoten perlu dimanfaatkan. Vitamin E merupakan produk bernilai ekonomis tinggi sebagai bahan farmaseutikal dan neutrasetikal. Kendala yang dihadapi dalam pemanfaatan vitamin E dari CPO, yaitu belum tersedianya teknik ekstraksi dan purifikasi yang optimal dan cara memper-tahankan stabilitas vitamin E. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh teknik ekstraksi dan purifikasi vitamin E dari CPO dan teknik mikroenkapsulasi vitamin E sebagai bahan farmaseutikal dan neutrasetikal.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa vitamin E dapat diproduksi dengan beberapa tahapan yakni saponifikasi dengan NaOH, pemisahan lapisan pekat tak tersabunkan, pelarutan dengan2-propanol dalam heksana, ekstraksi dengan metanol dan pelarutan ekstrak dengan 2-propanol dalam heksana. Ekstrak kasar vitamin E dimurnikan dengan kromatografi kolom dengan fasa diam silika gel dan fasa gerak petroleum benzen/dietil eter/asam asetat = 70 : 30 : 0,2. Vitamin E dapat dimurnikan pada fraksi ke-4 sampai dengan ke-8. Aktivitas antioksidan vitamin E hasil ekstraksi tersebut setara dengan vitamin E murni (Sigma). Teknik mikroenkapsulasi vitamin E hasil ekstraksi dari CPO dapat dilakukan dengan penyalut gum arab dan pengeringan dengan spray dryer  yang menghasilkan anti-oksidan dengan aktivitas IC50 DPPH = 132,55 ppm yang termasuk kategori beraktivitas sedang.

scholarly journals Use of nanoadvanced activated carbon, alumina and ferric adsorbents for humics removal from water: isotherm study

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 841-856
Author(s):  
Cecile Andre Stanford ◽  
Majeda Khraisheh ◽  
Fares Al Momani ◽  
Ahmad B. Albadarin ◽  
Gavin M. Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Activated Alumina ◽  
Isotherm Study ◽  
Beta Form

AbstractThe adsorption of humic substances on three different adsorbents was investigated and adsorption isotherms were applied in this research. The three adsorbents studied include granular activated carbon (GAC), ferric oxihydroxide in its beta form (β-FeOOH) and iron-coated activated alumina (AAFS). Physical and chemical characteristics of the adsorbents were also fully investigated. Calcium was added to the HS solution in order to represent water with a hardness equivalent to water hardness typically found in London (UK). The examination of the GAC indicated a large microporous area with lower surface area associated with meso- and macropores. The AAFS and β-FeOOH did not present any microporous area. The overall surface area was high for GAC (980 m2 g−1) but lower for AAFS (286 m2 g−1) and β-FeOOH (360 m2 g−1). The Freundlich isotherm model was fitted to all adsorbent–adsorbate systems. It was shown that GAC offered a large adsorption capacity for removal of low molecular weight humics F1 (MW 0–5 kDa) but not for substances with molecular weight larger than 10 kDa (F3). The β-FeOOH adsorption capacity was only 0.43 mg g−1, compared with 9.11 and 2.55 mg g−1 on GAC and AAFS, respectively. On the contrary, F1 is not well adsorbed and only F2 (5–10 kDa) can be efficiently removed by AAFS and β-FeOOH. It was strongly suggested that precipitation/condensation occurred on the adsorbent surface.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ACTIVATED CARBON OVER CATALYTIC CRACKING OF CRUDE PALM OIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazarudin Nazarudin ◽  
Ulyarti Ulyarti ◽  
Oky Alfernando ◽  
Ira Galih ◽  
Susilawati Susilawati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Carbon Catalyst ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Catalyst Increase

This research was carried out to investigate the effect of temperature in carbon production on its performance in the catalystic cracking of CPO to fuel.  The carbon was produced using palm shell at 2 different temperatures (450 and 550oC).  The cracking of CPO was carried out with and without the active carbon catalyst.  The result showed that the use of catalyst increase the conversion of both gas and liquid conversion.  The use of higher temperature in the production of active carbon catalyst increased the performance of the catalyst, in particular, for the liquid conversion. Keywords :Activated carbon, catalyst, catalytic cracking, crude palm oil

scholarly journals Development of Rubber Seed Shell–Activated Carbon Using Impregnated Pyridinium-Based Ionic Liquid for Enhanced CO2 Adsorption

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1161
Author(s):  
Nawwarah Mokti ◽  
Azry Borhan ◽  
Siti Zaine ◽  
Hayyiratul Mohd Zaid
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Co2 Adsorption ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Isosteric Heat ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Co2 Adsorption Capacity

In this study, rubber seed shell was used for the production of activated carbon by chemical activation using an ionic liquid, [C4Py][Tf2N] as an activating agent. Sample RSS-IL 800 shows the highest specific surface area of 393.99 m2/g, a total pore volume of 0.206 cm3/g, and a micropore volume of 0.172 cm3/g. The performance of AC samples as an adsorbent for CO2 was also studied using a static volumetric technique evaluated at a temperature of 25 °C and 1 bar pressure. The CO2 adsorption capacity for sample RSS-IL 800 was 2.436 mmol/g, comparable with reported data from the previous study. Results also show that the CO2 adsorption capacity decreased at a higher temperature between 50 and 100 °C and increased at elevated pressure due to its exothermic behavior. The Langmuir model fits the adsorption data well, and the isosteric heat of adsorption proved that the physisorption process and exothermic behavior occur.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document