scholarly journals OPTIMATION OF TIME AND CATALYST/FEED RATIO IN CATALYTIC CRACKING OF WASTE PLASTICS FRACTION TO GASOLINE FRACTION USING Cr/NATURAL ZEOLITE CATALYST

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wega Trisunaryanti
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Gasoline Fraction ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

Optimation of time and catalyst/feed ratio in catalytic cracking of waste plastics fraction to gasoline fraction using Cr/Natural Zeolite catalyst has been studied.The natural zeolite was calcined by using nitrogen gas at 500 oC for 5 hours. The chromium supported on to the zeolite was prepared by ion exchange methode with Cr(NO3)3.9H2O solution with chromium/zeolite concentration of 1% (w/w). The zeolite samples were then calcined  with nitrogen gas at 500 oC for 2 hours, oxidyzed with oxygen gas and reduced with hydrogen at 400 oC for 2 hours. The characterization of the zeolite catalyst by means of Si/Al ratio by UV-Vis spectroscopy, acidity with pyridine vapour adsorption and Na, Ca and Cr contents by atomic adsorption spectroscopy (AAS). The catalyst activity test was carried out in the cracking process of waste plastics fraction with boiling point range of 150 - 250 °C (consisted of C12 - C16 hydrocarbons) at 450 oC for 30 min, 60 min and 90 min, and catalyst/feed ratio 1/1, 1/2, 1/3, ¼ (w/w). The result of catalyst activity test  showed  that  the maximum number  conversion of gasoline fraction (C5-C11) is 53,27% with relatively low coke formation using 1/3 catalyst/feed ratio and the cracking time of 60 min.. This  catalyst has  Si/Al ratio = 1,21 (w/w) , acidity = 0,16 mmol/g and Na content = 0,81%, Ca content = 0,15% and Cr content 0,24%.   Keywords: zeolite, catalytic cracking, gasoline, chromium.

scholarly journals THE PARAFFIN CRACKING REACTION WITH NiMo/ACTIVE NATURAL ZEOLITE CATALYST: THE EFFECT TEMPERATURE ON CATALYTIC ACTIVITYTHE PARAFFIN CRACKING REACTION WITH NiMo/ACTIVE NATURAL ZEOLITE CATALYST: THE EFFECT TEMPERATURE ON CATALYTIC ACTIVITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khoirina Dwi Nugrahaningtyas ◽  
Eko Cahyono ◽  
Dian Maruto Widjonarko
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Hydrogen Flow ◽  
Catalyst Temperature ◽  
Cracking Reaction ◽  
Active Natural ◽  
Cracking Products

This research deals with the study of the paraffin cracking reaction with termal reaction, active natural zeolite (ZAA) and NiMo / active natural zeolite (ZAA) catalyst. Temperature variation was done in order to study the optimum temperature of paraffin cracking reactions. Paraffin cracking reaction carried out at temperatures of 200 - 400 °C and a hydrogen flow rate of 30 mL / min. Cracking products obtained, and then analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GCMS). Catalyst activity (%) was defined as the amount of lighter fractions/the amount of feed (paraffin) (%). The results showed that the catalyst NiMo/ZAA has the highest activity (31.33 %) at the cracking reaction temperature of 300 ºC

scholarly journals ACTIVITY TEST AND REGENERATION OF NiMo/Z CATALYST FOR HYDROCRACKING OF WASTE PLASTIC FRACTION TO GASOLINE FRACTION

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodiansono Rodiansono ◽  
Wega Trisunaryanti
Keyword(s):  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Pore Radius ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Gasoline Fraction ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Average Pore Radius ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Hydrogen Stream

Activity test and regeneration of NiMo/active natural zeolite catalyst for hydrocracking of waste plastic fraction of polyprophylene (PP) type have been carried out. The catalysts was prepared by loading Mo followed by Ni Metals onto the natural zeolite (Z) sample, then calcined at 500oC, oxidized and reduced at 400oC under nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen stream, respectively. The characterization of catalysts including spesific surface area, average pore radius, and total pore volume were performed by gas sorption analyzer, amount of total acid sites was determined by gas sorption method, and acid site strength was confirmed by IR spectroscopy. The hydrocracking process was carried out in a semi-flow reactor system at 360 oC and catalyst:feed ratio 0.5 under hydrogen stream (150 mL/hour). The feed was vaporized from the pyrolisis reactor into the hydrocracking reactor. A liquid product was collected and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The characterization results showed that spesific surface area, average pore radius, and total pore volume of the Z sample decreased after loading of the Ni and Mo metals. Amount of total acid sites of the NiMo/Z catalyst was higher than that of the Z sample. The activity of NiMo/Z catalyst decreased after several continously runs. Its regeneration produced the NiMo/Z reg catalyst with similar activity and selectivity to the fresh catalyst (NiMo/Z). The activity of catalysts at the optimum condition followed the order of NiMo/Z reg>NiMo/Z>Z (conversion of hydrocarbon C>12) and NiMo/Z reg>NiMo/Z>Z (total yield of gasoline fraction). The selectivity of catalysts for C7-C8 product followed the order of Z>NiMo/Z>NiMo/Z reg. Keywords: activity, polyprophylene, catalyst, gasoline fraction.

scholarly journals Transforming Used Palm Oil into Biogasoline Investigation of Activity and Selectivity of Mesoporous Silica Catalyst for Hydrocracking Process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Suseno ◽  
Karna Wijaya ◽  
Eddy Heraldy ◽  
Lukman Hakim ◽  
Wahyu Dita Saputri
Keyword(s):  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Silica Material ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Silica Synthesis ◽  
Used Palm Oil

Abstract Research on mesoporous silica synthesis using CTAB template as well as its activity and selectivity in the hydrocracking of used palm oil has been conducted. This research was initiated with the synthesis of mesoporous silica material by varying the TEOS to CTAB ratios at 2:1, 4:1, and 8:1, later calcined at varying temperatures of 300, 350, and 400 oC. The products were characterized by XRD, SEM-EDX, and GSA. The hydrocracking was performed with a feed ratio of 1:100 and H2 gas flow rate of 20 mL/min for 1 hour. The results showed that the highest activity of mesoporous silica was found in the TEOS:CTAB ratio of 8:1 and calcination temperature of 500 oC. The mesoporous silica produced had higher crystallinity, higher percentages of Si, and larger pore size. The catalyst activity test showed that the application of mesoporous silica increased the amount of biogasoline fraction (C5-C12) produced at the optimum temperature condition of 350°C using the MCT81-500 catalyst.

scholarly journals Preparation of Pt-Zeolite Catalyst for Conversion of n-Octanol

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
I Made Sadiana ◽  
Iip Izul Falah ◽  
Triyono Triyono
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Activity Increase ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Nitrogen Stream ◽  
Oxygen Gas

Pt-zeolite catalyst has been prepared by immersing a sample of zeolite in PtCl4 solution. After separation, the sample was dried and calcinated at 550 °C for 4 hours under nitrogen stream. Furthermore, the sample was oxidized with oxygen gas at 350 °C for 2 hours and reduced with hydrogen gas at 400 °C for 2 hours. Total amount of impregnated metal, acidity and surface are of the samples were determined by using atomic absorption spectrophotometric, gravimetric and gas sorption methods, respectively. The activity test was done in a fixed bed reactor and the results of the reaction were analyzed by using gas chromatograph. The result of the characterization showed that the higher total amount of impregnated metal, the lower the surface area and total volume of pores. The acidity and the catalyst activity increase with the increasing of the total amount of impregnated metal. The flow rate of feed and temperature reaction also influence yield conversion. The optimum yield of n-octanol conversion was obtained at 400 °C with the showest flow rate of n-octanol and flow rate of H2 gas was equal to 40 mL/minute.

scholarly journals Production of Bio-hydrocarbon from Refined-Bleach-Deodorized Palm Oil using Micro Activity Test Reactor

REAKTOR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Dieni Mansur ◽  
Aminuddin Aminuddin ◽  
Verina J Wargadalam
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Organic Liquid ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Gasoline Fraction ◽  
Light Cycle ◽  
Light Cycle Oil ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Test Reactor ◽  
Cycle Oil

Catalytic cracking of vegetable oil for the production of bio-hydrocarbons had been developed. In this study, the catalytic cracking of Refined-Bleach-Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) had carried out over Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCCU) equilibrium catalyst in a micro activity test reactor at 510°C under various catalyst to oil (CTO) ratio of 1.20 - 2.01 g/g. The catalytic cracking of RBDPO had produced the organic liquid product (OLP) containing bio-hydrocarbon, water, gas, and coke on the catalyst converted to CO2 during the catalyst regeneration process. The increase in CTO ratio from 1.20 to 2.01, OLP yield decreased from 80.48% to 70.12%. The OLP was separated into gasoline, light cycle oil (LCO), and heavy cycle oil (HCO) based on boiling point difference by a simulated distillation gas chromatography (SimDis GC). High gasoline fraction as 31.56% was produced at CTO of 2.01 g/g. The gasoline fraction contained olefins, aromatics, paraffin, iso-paraffins, and a small amount of naphthenes and oxygenates. The presence of chemicals in the gasoline fraction influenced the research octane number (RON) of the fuel.Keyword: bio-hydrocarbon; catalytic cracking; micro activity test reactor; RBDPO

scholarly journals Effects of Ion Exchange Process on Catalyst Activity and Plasma-Assisted Reactor Toward Cracking of Palm Oil into Biofuels

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Istadi Istadi ◽  
Luqman Buchori ◽  
Didi Dwi Anggoro ◽  
Teguh Riyanto ◽  
Anindita Indriana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Total Conversion ◽  
Hy Zeolite ◽  
Ion Exchange Process

Biofuels can be produced through a conventional catalytic cracking system and/or a hybrid catalytic-plasma cracking system. This paper was focused on studying effect of Na+ ion exchange to HY-Zeolite catalyst on catalyst performance to convert palm oil into biofuels over a conventional continuous fixed bed catalytic cracking reactor and comparing the catalytic cracking performance when carried out in a continuous hybrid catalytic-plasma reactor. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Bruneuer-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area methods. The biofuels product were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine the hydrocarbons composition of biofuels product. From the results, ion exchange process of Na+ into HY-Zeolite catalyst decreases the catalyst activity due to decreasing the number of active sites caused by blocking of Na+ ion. The selectivity to gasoline ranges achieved 34.25% with 99.11% total conversion when using HY catalyst over conventional continuous fixed bed reactor system. Unfortunately, the selectivity to gasoline ranges decreased to 13.96% and the total conversion decrease slightly to 98.06% when using NaY-Zeolite catalyst. As comparison when the cracking reaction was carried out in a hybrid catalytic-plasma reactor using a spent residual catalytic cracking (RCC) catalyst, the high energetics electron from plasma can improve the reactor performance, where the conversion and yield were increased and the selectivity to lower ranges of hydrocarbons was increased. However, the last results were potential to be intensively studied with respect to relation between reactor temperature and plasma-assisted catalytic reactor parameters. Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reserved 

scholarly journals THE PARAFFIN CRACKING REACTION WITH NiMo/ACTIVE NATURAL ZEOLITE CATALYST: THE EFFECT TEMPERATURE ON CATALYTIC ACTIVITYTHE PARAFFIN CRACKING REACTION WITH NiMo/ACTIVE NATURAL ZEOLITE CATALYST: THE EFFECT TEMPERATURE ON CATALYTIC ACTIVITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Khoirina Dwi Nugrahaningtyas ◽  
Eko Cahyono ◽  
Dian Maruto Widjonarko
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Hydrogen Flow ◽  
Catalyst Temperature ◽  
Cracking Reaction ◽  
Active Natural ◽  
Cracking Products

This research deals with the study of the paraffin cracking reaction with termal reaction, active natural zeolite (ZAA) and NiMo / active natural zeolite (ZAA) catalyst. Temperature variation was done in order to study the optimum temperature of paraffin cracking reactions. Paraffin cracking reaction carried out at temperatures of 200 - 400 °C and a hydrogen flow rate of 30 mL / min. Cracking products obtained, and then analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GCMS). Catalyst activity (%) was defined as the amount of lighter fractions/the amount of feed (paraffin) (%). The results showed that the catalyst NiMo/ZAA has the highest activity (31.33 %) at the cracking reaction temperature of 300 ºC

scholarly journals PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATIONS AND MODIFICATION OF Ni-Pd/NATURAL ZEOLITE CATALYSTS

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wega Trisunaryanti ◽  
Endang Triwahyuni ◽  
Sri Sudiono
Keyword(s):  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Ammonia Solution ◽  
Gasoline Fraction ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Edta Treatment ◽  
Base Method

Preparation, and modification of Ni-Pd/natural zeolite as well as their characterizations had been carried out. The aim of this research for the fututure is to prepare the best characters catalyst for the conversion of waste plastics fraction to gasoline fraction (C5-C12 hydrocarbons). The preparation of catalysts was performed by reacting a natural zeolite with the precursor of Ni(NO3)2. 9H2O and PdCl2 in an ammonia solution (25%). The modifications were performed by varying the rasio of Ni/Pd loaded to the zeolite, whereas the Pd was previously loaded and total metal content was 1 wt.% based on the zeolite. The characterization of catalysts included determination of acidity gravimetrically by adsorption of ammonia or pyridine vapour  base method, metal content by Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and X-ray Fluoresence (XRF) and crystallinity by X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The treatment of catalysts using Etilene Diamine Tetra Acetic acid  (EDTA) was performed to study the metal distribution on the outer or inner surface of the zeolite. The characterization results showed that the loading of metals to the zeolite increased its acidity and decreased its spesific surface area, however, did not defect its crystallnity.  The metals loaded on the zeolite were distributed inside the pore and at outer surface of the zeolite. For all catalyst samples, the acidities determined using ammonia were higher than those of pyridine, and the acidities determined before the EDTA treatment was lower than those after the treatment.  Metal contents of the zeolite before the EDTA treatment were higher than those after the treatment. The EDTA treatment enhanced the crystallinity of the sampel. The relationship between the metal rasio towards the acidity of the catalyst samples were in variation. Catalyst samples produced in this research have good characters, thus promisingly can be used for conversion process of waste plastics to gasoline fraction.    Keywords: natural zeolite, acidity, metal content, crystallinity, EDTA

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