scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION AND ACTIVATION OF NATURAL ZEOLIT FROM PONOROGO

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddy Heraldy ◽  
Hisyam SW ◽  
Sulistiyono Sulistiyono
Keyword(s):  
Porous Material ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Mineral Acid ◽  
Surface Area Ratio ◽  
Metal Composition ◽  
Acidic Sites

Characterization and activation of Natural Zeolite from Ponorogo (ZAP) have been done to improve the quality of zeolite as porous material. Analysis of mineral composition is done using X-Ray Difraction (XRD), Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FTIR) Spectroscopy and metal analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Characterization of the activated zeolite covered about number of acidic sites, surface area, ratio Si/Al and metal composition (Na, Ca, K and Fe). Activated processes is done using various mineral acid, i.e HCl, HNO3, H2SO4 and HPO4 with each concentration at 1 M and 3 3 hours dipping. The result showed that ZAP has composition Ca-klinoptilolit (43.09 %), gismondin (17.57 %), modernit (4.21 %) and quartz (10.37 %). The most efectif of the acid to activate is HCl and is proved to absorp of Zn in waste water. The effect of chemical activation is increasing the ratio of Si/Al, increasing the surface area and reducing some metal composition.   Keywords: natural zeolite, chemical activation, porous material

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of the Sulfur-Impregnated Natural Zeolite Clinoptilolite for Hg(II) Removal from Aqueous Solutions

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Marin Ugrina ◽  
Martin Gaberšek ◽  
Aleksandra Daković ◽  
Ivona Nuić
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solid Liquid

Sulfur-impregnated zeolite has been obtained from the natural zeolite clinoptilolite by chemical modification with Na2S at 150 °C. The purpose of zeolite impregnation was to enhance the sorption of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions. Chemical analysis, acid and basic properties determined by Bohem’s method, chemical behavior at different pHo values, zeta potential, cation-exchange capacity (CEC), specific surface area, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), as well as thermogravimetry with derivative thermogravimetry (TG-DTG) were used for detailed comparative mineralogical and physico-chemical characterization of natural and sulfur-impregnated zeolites. Results revealed that the surface of the natural zeolite was successfully impregnated with sulfur species in the form of FeS and CaS. Chemical modification caused an increase in basicity and the net negative surface charge due to an increase in oxygen-containing functional groups as well as a decrease in specific surface area and crystallinity due to the formation of sulfur-containing clusters at the zeolite surface. The sorption of Hg(II) species onto the sulfur-impregnated zeolite was affected by the pH, solid/liquid ratio, initial Hg(II) concentration, and contact time. The optimal sorption conditions were determined as pH 2, a solid/liquid ratio of 10 g/L, and a contact time of 800 min. The maximum obtained sorption capacity of the sulfur-impregnated zeolite toward Hg(II) was 1.02 mmol/g. The sorption mechanism of Hg(II) onto the sulfur-impregnated zeolite involves electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and surface complexation, accompanied by co-precipitation of Hg(II) in the form of HgS. It was found that sulfur-impregnation enhanced the sorption of Hg(II) by 3.6 times compared to the natural zeolite. The leaching test indicated the retention of Hg(II) in the zeolite structure over a wide pH range, making this sulfur-impregnated sorbent a promising material for the remediation of a mercury-polluted environment.

scholarly journals Preparation of Composite Monolith Supercapacitor Electrode Made from Textile-Grade Polyacrylonitrile Fibers and Phenolic Resin

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 655
Author(s):  
Karim Nabil ◽  
Nabil Abdelmonem ◽  
Masanobu Nogami ◽  
Ibrahim Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Capacitive Properties

In this work a composite monolith was prepared from widely available and cost effective raw materials, textile-grade polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers and phenolic resin. Two activation procedures (physical and chemical) were used to increase the surface area of the produced carbon electrode. Characterization of the thermally stabilized fibers produced was made using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Carbon-Hydrogen-Nitrogen(CHN) elemental analysis, in order to choose the optimum conditions of producing the stabilized fibers. Characterization of the produced composite monolith electrode was performed using physical adsorption of nitrogen at 77 °K, cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) and electrical resistivity in order to evaluate its performance. All the electrodes prepared had a mixture of micropores and mesopores. Pressing the green monolith during the curing process was found to reduce largely the specific surface area and to some degree the electrical resistivity of the chemically activated composite electrode. Physical activation was more suitable than chemical activation, where it resulted in an electrode with specific capacity 29 F/g, good capacitive behavior and the stability of the electrical resistivity over the temperature range −130 to 80 °C. Chemical activation resulted in a very poor electrode with resistive rather than capacitive properties.

scholarly journals Karakteristik luas permukaan karbon aktif dari ampas tebu dengan aktivasi kimia

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Mahmud Sudibandriyo ◽  
L Lydia
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Characterization Of Activated Carbon

Surface area characterization of activated carbon from sugarcane baggase by chemical activationAdsorption is one the process with many applications in the industries such as in a separation or in gas storage. In this adsorption, adsorbent selection is the most important thing. One of the adsorbent most suitable for this process is activated carbon. Previous studies show that high surface area of activated carbon can be produced from sugarcane bagasse using activator ZnCl2. The research’s goal is to produce activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse and determine the effects of activator on the surface area of activated carbon produced. Activators used in this research are KOH and ZnCl2 with the mass ratio of activator/carbon are 1/1, 2/1 and 3/1. The results show that The highest surface area, 938,2 m2/g, is obtained by activation using KOH with mass ratio of activator/carbon 3/1, whereas the highest surface area by activation using ZnCl2 is 632 m2/g with mass ratio of activator/carbon 2/1. For comparison, preparation of activated carbon by physical activation is also done and the surface area is 293 m2/g.Keywords: Activated carbon, chemical activation, sugarcane bagasse, KOH, ZnCl2 Abstrak Adsorpsi merupakan salah satu proses yang banyak digunakan dalam industri baik dalam pemisahan maupun untuk penyimpanan gas. Pada proses adsorpsi ini, pemilihan adsorben merupakan hal yang sangat penting. Salah satu jenis adsorben yang sangat cocok untuk proses ini adalah karbon aktif. Penelusuran studi sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa karbon aktif dengan luas permukaan yang cukup tinggi dapat dibuat dari ampas tebu dengan menggunakan aktivator ZnCl2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan karbon aktif dari ampas tebu dengan aktivasi kimia serta mengetahui pengaruh aktivator terhadap luas permukaan karbon aktif yang dihasilkan. Aktivator yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah KOH dan ZnCl2 dengan rasio massa aktivator/massa karbon 1/1, 2/1, dan 3/1. Aktivasi dilakukan pada temperatur 700 oC selama 1 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa luas permukaan tertinggi sebesar 938,2 m2/g diperoleh dengan aktivasi menggunakan KOH dengan rasio massa aktivator/massa arang 3/1, sedangkan aktivasi dengan menggunakan ZnCl2 diperoleh luas permukaan tertinggi sebesar 632 m2/g dengan rasio massa aktivator/massa arang 2/1. Sebagai pembanding, pada penelitian ini juga dilakukan pembuatan karbon aktif dengan metode aktivasi fisika dan diperoleh luas permukaan karbon aktif sebesar 293 m2/g.Kata kunci: Aktivasi kimia, ampas tebu, karbon aktif, KOH, ZnCl2

scholarly journals Characterization of Activated Carbons from Oil-Palm Shell by CO2Activation with No Holding Carbonization Temperature

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Herawan ◽  
M. S. Hadi ◽  
Md. R. Ayob ◽  
A. Putra
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Preparation Time

Activated carbons can be produced from different precursors, including coals of different ranks, and lignocellulosic materials, by physical or chemical activation processes. The objective of this paper is to characterize oil-palm shells, as a biomass byproduct from palm-oil mills which were converted into activated carbons by nitrogen pyrolysis followed by CO2activation. The effects of no holding peak pyrolysis temperature on the physical characteristics of the activated carbons are studied. The BET surface area of the activated carbon is investigated using N2adsorption at 77 K with selected temperatures of 500, 600, and 700°C. These pyrolysis conditions for preparing the activated carbons are found to yield higher BET surface area at a pyrolysis temperature of 700°C compared to selected commercial activated carbon. The activated carbons thus result in well-developed porosities and predominantly microporosities. By using this activation method, significant improvement can be obtained in the surface characteristics of the activated carbons. Thus this study shows that the preparation time can be shortened while better results of activated carbon can be produced.

Synthesis and Characterization of Green Porous Carbons with Large Surface Area by Two Step Chemical Activation with KOH

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Shawal Nasri ◽  
Mohammed Jibril ◽  
Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini ◽  
Rahmat Mohsin ◽  
Hamza Usman Dadum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Porous Carbons ◽  
Precursor Material ◽  
Proximate And Ultimate Analysis

Porous carbons were synthesized from coconut shell using chemical activation by potassium hydroxide (KOH). N2 adsorption isotherm analysis for BET surface area and pore volume of the synthesized porous carbon were carried out. The Langmuir surface area, BET surface area and pore volume are 1646 m2/g, 1353 m2/g and 0.6 cm3/g, respectively. From the FTIR analysis, hydroxyls, alkenes, carbonyls and aromatics functional groups were identified. The proximate and ultimate analysis shows high percentage of carbon and less ash content which indicates a good precursor material for porous carbon. The carbonization temperature and time were also varied to observe their effect on the yield of char, with carbonization at 7000C for 2 h having highest yield of 32%.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Doping Ca dan K pada γ-Al2O3 terhadap Sifat Fisik Katalis pada Transesterifikasi Minyak Kelapa

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Eko Supriadi ◽  
Danawati Hadi Prajitno ◽  
Mahfud Mahfud ◽  
Ngatijo Ngatijo ◽  
Rahmat Basuki
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Ultrasonic Frequency ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst

Metal doping plays important role in increasing catalytic activity of catalyst materials. In this work, Ca and K were doped to the γ-Al2O3 by dry impregnation method to study the crystallinity, surface area, activation energy, and yield in the coconut oil transesterification reaction. The success of doping was shown in the characterization of Ca/γ-Al2O3 and K/γ-Al2O­3 using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) which increasing in crystallinity from 62.2% (γ-Al2O3) to 69.3 (K/γ-Al2O3) and 76.0 (Ca/γ-Al2O3). The emerging peak of 2θ characteristics of K (29.70° and 32.65°) and Ca (25.35°, 26.77°, and 27.17°) on the γ-Al2O3 (37.66°, 45.82° and 67.22 °) was also observed. Characterization by the Surface Area Analyzer (SAA) shows that the K/γ-Al2O3 catalyst has a smaller surface area (34.03 m2/g) than Ca/γ-Al2O3 (83.77 m2/g), but a higher pore diameter (66.12 Å) than Ca/γ-Al2O3 (35.22 Å). The K/γ-Al2O­3 catalyst produced greater FAME yield (93.19%) than Ca/γ-Al2O3 (29.76%) at a catalyst concentration of 2.5%, reaction time 150 s, and ultrasonic frequency of 40 kHz. The quality of the FAME catalyzed by K/γ-Al2O­3 fulfills four test parameters: density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, and pour point according to SNI 04-7182-2006 standards.

Effect of Calcination Temperature on Catalyst Surface Area of Ca Supported TiO2 by Sol-Gel Method for Biodiesel Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 818 ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Yahida Yahya ◽  
Norzita Ngadi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Bet Model ◽  
Percentage Yield

Currently, the major concern in production of biodiesel is to find a new catalyst which can produce high quality of biodiesel at lower costs. In this study, titania supported CaO catalyst was prepared by a so-gel method. The characterization of catalyst was done using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) model method to characterize the surface area of the catalyst. Further, the ability of the catalyst for transterification reaction of waste cooking oil (WCO) with methanol was also assessed. The effect of calcination temperature on the catalyst to the transesterification reaction was examined to investigate the relation between catalyst calcination temperature and percentage yield (% yield) of biodiesel production.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Green Porous Palm Shell Based Activated Carbon by Two Step Chemical Activation Using KOH

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 1127-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdurrahman Garba ◽  
Hatijah Basri ◽  
Noor Shawal Nasri
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Microscopy Images

The large quantity of agricultural waste materials that poses disposal challenge to our environment could be converted into useful products such as activated carbon (AC). Palm oil shell based porous AC was prepared by two step process using KOH as the chemical activant. Palm oil shell was carbonized at 800°C for 2 hours and activated using CO2 at same temperature for 1 hour which yield 23.27% fixed carbon. The AC was characterized by Langmuir surface area, BET surface area and pore volume of 410.7 m2/g, 350 m2/g and 0.2 cm3/g respectively, the FTIR analysis identified the presence of alkanes, carbonyls and hydroxyls as the main functional groups in the AC. Scanning electron microscopy images illustrates the gradual formation of pores from the precursor to the produced AC due to elimination of volatiles and contaminants in the material. However, the AC produced showed basic properties suitable for the removal of hydrophobic organic contaminants in water and wastewater.

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