scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF CONCENTRATION OF CARRIER, pH AND TIME OF EXTRACTION ON SEPARATION'S FACTOR OF PENICILLIN G - PHENYL ACETATE BY REACTIVE EXTRACTION

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
Imam Santoso ◽  
Buchari Buchari ◽  
M. Bachri Amran ◽  
Aminudin Sulaeman
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Separation Factor ◽  
Butyl Acetate ◽  
Reactive Extraction ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Phenyl Acetate ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Phase Water

The aim of this research is to study the effect of concentration carrier, pH and time of extraction on separation's factor of penicillin g - phenyl acetate by reactive extraction technique. The 10 mL  aqueous  solution with variation of  pH : 5, 6 contains 0.001 M penicillin G and 0.001 M phenyl acetate has been extracted with 10 mL n-butyl acetate contains dioctylamine as carrier. Variation concentration  of carrier were 0.000; 0.002; 0.004; 0.006 and 0.008 M. Variation time of extraction were 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 min. The penicillin G and phenyl acetate that dissolved in organic phase ha been  reextracted with 10 mL aqueous with variation of pH : 7, 8. The optimum condition obtained as follow : concentration dioctylamine was 0.002M ; pH the first phase water was 5 and the second phase water was 8 ; and the time of extraction was 10 min.   Keywords: Separation factor, Reactive extraction

Kinetics of Reactive Extraction of Pyruvic Acid Using Tributylamine Dissolved in n-Butyl Acetate

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharm Pal ◽  
Amit Keshav
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Butyl Acetate ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Reactive Extraction ◽  
Kinetic Measurements ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract Studies have been made on the kinetics accompanied with mass transfer for the pyruvic acid/tributylamine (TBA)/n-butyl acetate system to investigate the effectiveness of reactive extraction for the separation of pyruvic acid from the aqueous solution. In the present work, kinetic studies, needed for the design of a recovery unit, were carried out using aqueous solution of pyruvic acid. TBA (conc. range 0.420–2.099 kmol/m3) dissolved in n-butyl acetate (conc. range 50–90%) was used as an extractant. The effect of reactant concentration, the effect of stirring speed and the effect of phase volume ratio on the extraction process were investigated. The kinetic parameters such as reaction order and rate constant were calculated. Kinetic measurements showed that the reaction is of second order occurring in the diffusion film and was found to be independent of hydrodynamic conditions. Rate constant was evaluated to be $0.419\,{{\rm{m}}^3}{\rm{mo}}{{\rm{l}}^{- 1}}{{\rm{S}}^{- 1}}$ .

scholarly journals Ekstraksi Pemisahan Neodimium dari Samarium, Itrium dan Praseodimium Memakai Tri Butil Fosfat

EKSPLORIUM ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Veronica Purwani ◽  
Suyanti Suyanti
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Separation Factor ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Optimization Of Separation

ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan ekstraksi konsentrat Nd(OH)3 (neodimium hidroksida) yang mengandung Y(itrium), Sm (samarium) dan Pr (praseodimium) hasil olah pasir monasit. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk pemisahan Nd dari Y, Pr dan Sm dalam konsentrat Nd. Sebagai fasa air adalah konsentrat Nd(OH)3 dalam HNO3 dan ekstraktan atau fasa organik adalah Tri Butil Fosfat (TBP) dalam kerosen. Parameter yang diteliti adalah pH umpan, konsentrasi umpan, konsentrasi TBP dalam kerosen, waktu pengadukan dan kecepatan pengadukan. Dari hasil penelitian optimasi proses ekstraksi pemisahan neodimium dari samarium, itrium dan presedimium dalam konsentrat Nd(OH)3 hasil olah pasir monasit dengan ekstraktan TBP, diperoleh kondisi optimum  sebagai berikut: pH umpan = 0,2; konsentrasi umpan 100 gram/L, konsentrasi TBP dalam kerosen 5 %, waktu pengadukan 15 menit, kecepatan pengadukan 150 rpm. Pada kondisi ini diperoleh  FP (faktor pisah) Nd-Y, FP Nd-Pr, FP Nd-Sm masing-masing sebesar 2,242; 4,811; 4,002 dan angka banding distribusi (D) Nd = 0,236 dengan efisiensi ekstraksi Nd = 19,07%. ABSTRACTThe extraction of Nd(OH)3 (neodymium hydroxide) concentrate containing Y (yttrium), Sm (samarium) and Pr (praseodymium) as product of monazite processed has been done. The purpose of this study is to determine the separation of Nd from Y, Pr and Nd Sm in Nd concentrate. The aqueous phase was concentrated Nd (OH)3 in HNO3 and extractant while organic phase was Tri Butyl Phosphate (TBP) in kerosene. Parameters studied were pH and concentration feed, concentration of TBP in kerosene, extraction time and stirring speed. The result showed that the optimization of separation extraction neodymium from samarium, yttrium and praseodymium in Nd(OH)3 concentrated  with TBP, obtained the optimum condition of pH = 0.2, concentration of feed 100 g /L, concentration of TBP in kerosene 5%, extraction time 15 minutes and stirring speed 150 rpm. With the conditions, Separation Factor (SF) obtained for Nd-Y, Nd-Pr, Nd-Sm are 2.242, 4.811, 4.002 respectively, while D and extraction efficiency of Nd are 0.236 and 19.07%.

Separation of Dimethylformamide/H2O Mixtures Using Pervaporation-Distillation Hybrid Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 866-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Lu Han ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Jing Zhong ◽  
Hui Shao ◽  
Huan Ru Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Separation Factor ◽  
Aspen Plus ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Hybrid Process ◽  
Hybrid Processes ◽  
Operation Temperature ◽  
The Cost

Three kinds of commercial PVA composite membranes with different crosslinking degrees (PVA-1, PVA-2 and PVA-3) were used to separate DMF/H2O mixtures. Their pervaporation performance was investigated at different operation temperatures. The results showed that PVA-1 was the most suitable one for separating DMF/H2O mixtures. When operation temperature was 60°C and downstream pressure was lower than 6kPa, flux reached to 0.59 kg·m-2·h-1 and separation factor was 33 for PVA-1 membranes. Aspen Plus® was applied to simulate the normal distillation for retentate from pervaporation unit. Comparing with the two-effect distillation, the cost of concentrating DMF could be reduced 16.2% to 19.2% for DMF aqueous solution with different composition by hybrid processes. The cost would be the lowest for a hybrid process that concentrated the feed into 50wt% by pervaporation firstly, then concentrated retentate to 99.6wt% by two-effect distillation

Photodegradation of New Methylene Blue N in Aqueous Solution Using Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide as Catalyst

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rusmidah Ali ◽  
Boon Siew Ooi
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Optimum Ratio ◽  
Photodegradation Rate ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Uv Lamp

Dalam kajian ini, ZnO dan TiO2 digunakan sebagai fotomangkin dalam pendegradasian pewarna New Methylene Blue N (NMBN). Kadar fotodegradasi diukur menggunakan alat spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Dalam kajian ini, New Methylene Blue N menunjukkan nilai serapan pada λ = 590 nm dan λ = 286 nm. Lampu UV (λ = 354 nm) digunakan dalam proses fotodegradasi. Dalam proses degradasi menggunakan ZnO menunjukkan 81.42% NMBN terdegradasi pada λ = 590 nm dan 77.75% pada λ = 286 nm. Sebaliknya, degradasi menggunakan TiO2 adalah 25.68% pada λ = 590 nm dan 26.37% pada λ = 286 nm. Peratus degradasi New Methylene Blue N ialah 88.89% dan 68.94% pada masing-masing λ = 590 nm dan λ = 286 nm apabila ditambahkan dengan H2O2. Campuran ZnO dan TiO2 dalam nisbah 85: 15 (0.085 g; 0.015 g) merupakan campuran fotomangkin yang paling optimum iaitu dengan peratus degradasi NMBN sebanyak 96.97% dan 93.61% pada λ = 590 nm dan λ = 286 nm. Penambahan ion logam Cu2+ memberikan peratus degradasi tertinggi berbanding ion logam lain iaitu 83.83% pada λ = 590 nm. Penambahan ion logam Pb2+ memberikan peratus degradasi tertinggi pada λ = 286 nm iaitu 81.25% pewarna terdegradasi. Keadaan optimum dicapai pada pH 5.90, dengan peratus degradasi tertinggi iaitu 92.84% dan 89.30% pada masing-masing λ = 590 nm dan λ = 286 nm. Kata kunci: New Methylene Blue N; fotodegradasi; larutan; ZnO; TiO2 In this study, ZnO and TiO2 are used as photocatalyst to degrade the dye, New Methylene Blue N (NMBN). The photodegradation rate was measured using UV-Visible spectrophotometer. In this study, New Methylene Blue N showed absorption values at λ = 590 nm and λ = 286 nm. UV lamp (λ = 354 nm) is used in the photodegradation process. Results showed that ZnO is a better photocatalyst compared to TiO2. The degradation by ZnO showed that 81% of NMBN was degraded at λ = 590 nm and 77.75% at λ = 286 nm. In contratst, the degradation using TiO2 was 25.68% at λ = 590 nm and 26.37% at λ = 286 nm. The percent degradation of New Methylene Blue N is 88.89% and 68.94% at λ = 590 nm and λ = 286 nm respectively when H2O2 was added. A mixture of ZnO and TiO2 in the ratio of 85: 15 (0.085 g: 0.015 g) is the most optimum ratio for the mixed photocatalyst where the degradation percentage of NMBN are 96.97% and 93.61% at λ = 590 nm and λ = 286 nm. The addition of Cu2+ metal ion gave the highest percentage of degradation (83.83% at λ = 590 nm) compared to other metal ions. The addition of Pb2+ gave the highest percentage of degradation at λ = 286 nm with 81.25% degradation of the dye. The optimum condition was achieved at pH 5.90, which gave the highest percentage degradation, 92.84% and 89.30% at λ = 590 nm and λ = 286 nm respectively. Key words: New Methylene Blue N; photodegradation; aqueous; ZnO; TiO2

scholarly journals Reverse Micelle Liquid-Liquid Extraction of a Pharmaceutical Product

2012 ◽  
Vol 545 ◽  
pp. 240-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Hamidah Mohd-Setapar ◽  
Siti Norazimah Mohamad-Aziz ◽  
N.H. Harun ◽  
S.H. Hussin
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Reverse Micelle ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Pharmaceutical Product ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Reverse Micelle Extraction

Reverse micelle extraction has received considerable attention in recent years due to its ability to selectively solubilise solutes from an aqueous phase, and in the case of biomolecules to maintain their biological activities. The apparent success of research on protein extraction from the aqueous phase using reverse micelle provides motivation to study the solubilisation of antibiotic. The objective of this study is to investigate the extraction of antibiotic (penicillin G is chosen as model antibiotic) from aqueous solution (forward extraction) and from the reverse micelle to a new aqueous solution (backward extraction). Sodium di(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) is chosen as the surfactant and isooctane as the organic solvent. The UV-Vis spectrophotometer is used to determine the mass of penicillin G in solution after the extraction process. The extraction is expected to be influenced by the initial penicillin G concentration, the salt type and concentration in the aqueous phase, pH, and surfactant concentration. It is expected that as penicillin is an interfacially active compound that will interacts with AOT surfactant, the interfacial association will be dependent on both pH and surfactant concentration.

scholarly journals Distribution of micro-amounts of europium in the two-phase water-HCl-nitrobenzene-N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-diphenyl-2,6-dipicolinamide-hydrogen dicarbollylcobaltate extraction system

2009 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 781-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel Makrlík ◽  
Petr Vaňura ◽  
Pavel Selucký ◽  
Vasily Babain ◽  
Ivan Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Stability Constants ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Extraction And Stability Constants ◽  
Extraction System ◽  
Hydrogen Dicarbollylcobaltate ◽  
Nitrobenzene Solution ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Phase Water

Extraction of micro-amounts of europium by a nitrobenzene solution of hydrogen dicarbollylcobaltate (H+B-) in the presence of N,N'-dimethyl- -N,N'-diphenyl-2,6-dipicolinamide (MePhDPA, L) was investigated. The equilibrium data were explained assuming that the species HL+, + HL2 , 3+ EuL2 and 3+ EuL3 are extracted into the organic phase. The values of the extraction and stability constants of the species in nitrobenzene saturated with water were determined.

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