scholarly journals ISOLATION AND PRESENCE OF ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITIES OF MARINE SPONGE Xestospongia sp.

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murtihapsari Murtihapsari ◽  
Apriani Sulu Parubak ◽  
Bertha Mangallo ◽  
Wiwied Ekasari ◽  
Puji Budi Asih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Marine Sponge ◽  
Spectrum Analysis ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Hexane Extraction ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Plausible Structure

Plasmodium falciparum, the agent of malignant malaria, is one of mankind's most severe scourges, mainly in the tropic world. Efforts to develop preventive vaccines or remedial drugs are handicapped by the parasite's rapid evolution of drug resistance. Here, we presented an advance work on examination of antimalarial component from marine life of Xestospongia sp., the study is based on hexane extraction method. The premier result, we obtained five fractions. Among these five fractions, the fourth has the most potent inhibitory against the growth of P. falciparum 3D7 with an IC50: 7.13 µg/mL. A compiled spectrum analysis, FTIR, 1H-NMR and GC-MS, revealed that the fourth fraction consisted abundantly of two secondary metabolites such as flavonoids and triterpenoids. Finally, our results suggest a plausible structure rooted to the base of ibuprofen.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Drug Susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum Clinical Isolates from Africa by Using a Plasmodium Lactate Dehydrogenase Immunodetection Assay and an Inhibitory Maximum Effect Model for Precise Measurement of the 50-Percent Inhibitory Concentration

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 3343-3349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halima Kaddouri ◽  
Serge Nakache ◽  
Sandrine Houzé ◽  
France Mentré ◽  
Jacques Le Bras
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Active Metabolite ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Effect Model

ABSTRACT The extension of drug resistance among malaria-causing Plasmodium falciparum parasites in Africa necessitates implementation of new combined therapeutic strategies. Drug susceptibility phenotyping requires precise measurements. Until recently, schizont maturation and isotopic in vitro assays were the only methods available, but their use was limited by technical constraints. This explains the revived interest in the development of replacement methods, such as the Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) immunodetection assay. We evaluated a commercially controlled pLDH enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; the ELISA-Malaria antigen test; DiaMed AG, Cressier s/Morat, Switzerland) to assess drug susceptibility in a standard in vitro assay using fairly basic laboratory equipment to study the in vitro resistance of malaria parasites to major antimalarials. Five Plasmodium falciparum clones and 121 clinical African isolates collected during 2003 and 2004 were studied by the pLDH ELISA and the [8-3H]hypoxanthine isotopic assay as a reference with four antimalarials. Nonlinear regression with a maximum effect model was used to estimate the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) and its confidence intervals. The two methods were observed to have similar reproducibilities, but the pLDH ELISA demonstrated a higher sensitivity. The high correlation (r = 0.98) and the high phenotypic agreement (κ = 0.88) between the two methods allowed comparison by determination of the IC50s. Recently collected Plasmodium falciparum African isolates were tested by pLDH ELISA and showed drug resistance or decreased susceptibilities of 62% to chloroquine and 11.5% to the active metabolite of amodiaquine. No decreased susceptibility to lumefantrine or the active metabolite of artemisinin was detected. The availability of this simple and highly sensitive pLDH immunodetection assay will provide an easier method for drug susceptibility testing of malaria parasites.

Detection of Genetic markers associated with Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance among malaria patients in Kaduna State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-213
Author(s):  
G.Y. Benjamin ◽  
H.I. Inabo ◽  
M.H.I. Doko ◽  
B.O. Olayinka
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Test Kit

Malaria is a disease of public health concern in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa. It is caused by intracellular parasites of the genus Plasmodium. The aim of this study was to detect genetic markers associated with Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance among malaria patients in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The study was a cross-sectional study that lasted from May 2018 to October 2018. Three hundred blood samples were collected from consenting individuals attending selected hospitals, in the three senatorial districts of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaire were used to obtain relevant data from study participants. The blood samples were screened for malaria parasites using microscopy and rapid diagnostic test kit. Polymerase Chain Reaction was used for detection of the drug resistance genes. Pfcrt, pfmdr1, pfdhfr, pfdhps and pfatpase6 genes were detected at expected amplicon sizes from the malaria positive samples. The pfatpase6 PCR amplicons were sequenced and a phylogenetic tree was created to determine their relatedness. Result showed that Pfcrt (80%) had the highest prevalence, followed by pfdhfr (60%), pfmdr1 (36%) and pfdhps (8%). Pfatpase6 was also detected in 73.3% of the samples, and a phylogenetic tree showed relatedness between the pfatpase6  sequences in this study and those deposited in the GenBank. In conclusion, the study detected that Plasmodium falciparum genes were associated with drug resistance to commonly used antimalarials.

scholarly journals New Antimalarial and Antimicrobial Tryptamine Derivatives from the Marine Sponge Fascaplysinopsis reticulata

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Eric Campos ◽  
Emmanuel Pichon ◽  
Céline Moriou ◽  
Patricia Clerc ◽  
Rozenn Trépos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Marine Sponge ◽  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Chemical Study ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
2D Nmr Spectra ◽  
Ic50 Values

Chemical study of the CH2Cl2-MeOH (1:1) extract of the sponge Fascaplysinopsis reticulata collected in Mayotte highlighted three new tryptophan derived alkaloids, 6,6′-bis-(debromo)-gelliusine F (1), 6-bromo-8,1′-dihydro-isoplysin A (2) and 5,6-dibromo-8,1′-dihydro-isoplysin A (3), along with the synthetically known 8-oxo-tryptamine (4) and the three known molecules from the same family, tryptamine (5), (E)-6-bromo-2′-demethyl-3′-N-methylaplysinopsin (6) and (Z)-6-bromo-2′-demethyl-3′-N-methylaplysinopsin (7). Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectra and HRESIMS data. All compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial and their antiplasmodial activities. Regarding antimicrobial activities, the best compounds are (2) and (3), with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.01 and 1 µg/mL, respectively, towards Vibrio natrigens, and (5), with MIC values of 1 µg/mL towards Vibrio carchariae. In addition the known 8-oxo-tryptamine (4) and the mixture of the (E)-6-bromo-2′-demethyl-3′-N-methylaplysinopsin (6) and (Z)-6-bromo-2′-demethyl-3′-N-methylaplysinopsin (7) showed moderate antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum with IC50 values of 8.8 and 8.0 µg/mL, respectively.

History and current status of Plasmodium falciparum antimalarial drug resistance in Madagascar

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Andriantsoanirina ◽  
Didier Ménard ◽  
Luciano Tuseo ◽  
Rémy Durand
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Antimalarial Drug ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Antimalarial Drug Resistance
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