scholarly journals Expression analysis of antioxidant genes in response to drought stress in the fl ag leaf of two Indonesian rice cultivars

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Refli ◽  
Sukarti Muljopawiro ◽  
Kumala Dewi ◽  
Diah Rachmawati
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Oxidative Defense ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
The Difference

The objective of this study was to analysis the expression of antioxidant genes in response to droughtstress in Indonesian rice. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the expression of Cu-ZnSod1, cCu-ZnSod2,MnSod1, cApxa, cApxb, chl-sApx, Cat1, Cat2, Cat3, Gr1, Gr2, and Gr3 genes were assayed in the rice fl ag leaf ofCiherang and Situ Bagendit cultivars subjected to control, mild and severe drought during the grain fi llingphase. Increase in MDA content of Ciherang treated to mild and severe drought was almost two-fold andthree-fold respectively, while MDA content in Situ Bagendit subjected to mild and severe drought increasedapproximately one-fold and two-fold as compared to the control. The semi quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (sqRT-PCR) analysis showed that the expression of cCu-ZnSod1, MnSod1, Cat2, Gr3genes of Ciherang, and cCu-ZnSod2, MnSod1, cApxa, cApxb, chl-sAPX, Cat2 and Gr1 genes of Situ Bagendit increasedin fl ag leaf of plant treated to drought. Expressions of cApxb, chl-sApx, Cat3 of Ciherang and Cu-ZnSod1 and Gr2genes of Situ Bagendit were not changed signifi cantly by drought stress. Decreased expression was shownby cCu-ZnSod2, cApxa, Cat1, Gr1 and Gr2 genes of Ciherang, and Cat1, Cat3 and Gr3 genes of Situ Bagendit. Theresults indicated that the activity of oxidative defense was regulated by four genes; cCu-ZnSod1, MnSod1, Cat2,Gr3 in Ciherang, and eight genes; cCu-ZnSod1, cCu-ZnSod2, MnSod1, cApxa, cApxb, chl-sApx, Cat2 and Gr1 in SituBagendit. Therefore, differences in the number of antioxidant genes controlling oxidative defense systemmight determine the difference of the oxidative defense capacity between both cultivars in response to droughtstress during grain fi lling.

Phedimus Aizoon L. Responds to Drought Stress: Growth, Physiological Changes and Mechanism of Drought Resistance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhang Liu ◽  
Zhongqun He ◽  
Yongdong Xie ◽  
Lihong Su ◽  
Ruijie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Moderate Drought ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Mild Drought

Abstract A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the growth, physiological changes and mechanism of drought resistance of Phedimus aizoon L. under different levels of water content .CK: 75% ~ 80% of the MWHC (maximum water holding capacity), Mild drought: 55% ~ 60%, Moderate drought: 40% ~ 45%, Severe drought: 20% ~ 25%.We observed that the plants grew normally in the first two treatments, even the mild drought promoted the growth of the roots. In the last two treatments, drought stress had a significant negative effect on plant growth, at the same time, Phedimus aizoon L. also made positive physiological response to cope with the drought: The aboveground part of the plant (leaf, plant height, stem diameter) was smaller, the waxy layer of the leaves was thickened, the stomata of the leaves were closed during the day, and only a few stomata were opened at night, which proved that the dark reaction cycle metabolism mode of the plant was transformed from C3 cycle to CAM pathway. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD and CAT) was continuously increased to alleviate the damage caused by drought. To ensure the relative stability of osmotic potential, the contents of osmoregulation substances such as proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein and trehalose increased correspondingly. But plants have limited regulatory power, with aggravation of drought stress degree and extension of stress time, the MDA content and electrolyte leakage of leaves increased continuously. Observed under electron microscope,the morphology of chloroplast and mitochondria changed and the membrane structure was destroyed. The plant's photosynthetic and respiratory mechanisms are destroyed and the plant gradually die.

scholarly journals Water relations and some aspects of leaf metabolism of Jatropha curcas young plants under two water deficit levels and recovery

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela B. Arcoverde ◽  
Bruno M. Rodrigues ◽  
Marcelo F. Pompelli ◽  
Mauro G. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Severe Stress ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Main Barrier

Stomatal conductance (g s), transpiration (E), relative water content (RWC), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), leaf carbohydrate soluble (LCS), free amino acids (FAA) and total protein (TP) content were measured under mild and severe drought stress in young potted Jatropha curcas L. in the greenhouse. The plants were kept for 12 days under three different water regimes, control (well hydrated), 50% irrigation control (mild stress) and 25% (severe stress), after rehydration were measured on the second and fourth day. Both mild and severe stress decreased g s and E; however, only severe stress reduced LCS, FAA and TP content and increased SOD activity (70%) and MDA content (60%) compared with the control. Moreover, under these conditions the plants showed severe leaf senescence. These results show that only severe drought stress decrease foliar metabolism in potted plants. These results show that severe drought decreased metabolism and leaf RWC, in potted plants. However, 48 h under a moderate stress is enough to drive the stomatal control is the main barrier against water loss. Finally, in the fourth day after rehydration the plants under a moderate and severe drought even had a g s and E reduced in both evaluation periods.

scholarly journals Physiological and oxidative defense responses of local rice cultivars “Nusa Tenggara Timur-Indonesia” during vegetative drought stress

2021 ◽  
pp. 394-400
Author(s):  
Yustina Carolina Febrianti Salsinha ◽  
Didik Indradewa ◽  
Yekti A. Purwestri ◽  
Diah Rachmawati
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Oxidative Defense

Drought is the main abiotic factor that reduces productivity of crops such as rice in the suboptimum area. This study aimed to identify drought-tolerance of local rice cultivars “Nusa Tenggara Timur-Indonesia” through their oxidative defense mechanism. In this study, 17 local rice cultivars and two control cultivars (Ciherang and Situ Bagendit) were used. Drought was imposed by using three levels of FTSW: FTSW 1 (control), 0.5 (moderate drought), and 0.2 (severe drought) during the vegetative stage. Growth parameters such as plant height, number of tillers, number of leaves, and total dry weight were higher in Boawae 100 Malam, Hare Tora, and Padi Putih Kuatnana than other cultivars. The analysis of relative water content, chlorophyll, carotenoid, and proline content also indicated that the Boawae 100 Malam, Gogo Sikka, and Hare Tora cultivar showed a higher result compared to control and other cultivars. Thess characters tend to correlate with the higher activity of antioxidant enzymes in Boawae 100 Malam and Gogo Sikka, when exposed to severe drought conditions. Based on principal component analysis of the physiological changes and enzymatic antioxidant activity, the Gogo Sikka, Boawae 100 Malam, and Hare Tora cultivars were classified as rice cultivars with higher drought tolerance

The Effect of Different Drought Stress on Antioxidant Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation on Zoysia japonica

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 5489-5492
Author(s):  
Zhong Lin Chen ◽  
Su Nan Xu ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Shi Xie ◽  
Li Xia Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Moderate Drought ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Mild Drought

The objective of this study was to understand the effects of mild, moderate and severe drought stress on zoysiagrass(Zoysia japonica). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were investigated. Mild drought(60%-70% of field capacity), moderate drought(45%-55% of field capacity), and severe drought (25%-35% of field capacity) were remained for 16 days. A gradual increase was observed in SOD activity of Zoysiagrass from 1 to13 days of drought stress in all treatments. POD and CAT activity, and lipid peroxidation increased in all treatments, and maximum change was happened in severe drought group. Severe drought has more serious damage to Zoysia japonica than mild drought and moderate drough. This suggests that Zoysiagrass has excellent drought tolerance and its ability to survive in the drought environment is very strong.

scholarly journals RNA Seq Analysis Reveal Differential Expression of Genes Associated With Metabolic Reprogramming, Defense and Signaling in Two Contrasting Indigenous Aromatic Rice Cultivars Differing in Redox Regulatory Properties Under Drought Stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nivedita Dey ◽  
Soumen Bhattacharjee
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Dehydration Stress ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Aromatic Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Abstract Background: Though there are at present seventy indigenous aromatic rice cultivars being cultivated in West Bengal, India, the information regarding their genetic regulation of drought tolerance are scanty. Previous work from this laboratory has screened indigenous aromatic rice cultivars Badshabhog and Jamainadu as drought tolerant redox competent and drought susceptible redox incompetent germplasms respectivelybased on redox metabolomic investigation. In this backdrop, the present work comprehended to compare two indigenous aromatic rice cultivars for unfolding genetic regulation of drought stress. Results: The result of comparative transcriptomic study through RNA-seq analysis in general revealed significant cultivar specific expression of genes under post-imbibitional dehydration stress as well as genes that are expressed in both the experimental cultivars (Oryza sativa L., cultivars Badshabhog and Jamainadu) with differential transcript abundance. 3482 and 3866 genes were found to be significantly down-regulated and up-regulated respectively when we compared between post-imbibitional dehydration stress-raised indigenous aromatic rice cultivars Badshabhog and Jamainadu. Transcripts selected for heatmap generation with proper annotation revealed 50 genes that are significantly expressed genes which are mainly involved in redox functions, signaling, membrane trafficking, replication and protein synthesis etc. On the contrary, genes which got highly expressed in Badshabhog found to be mainly concerned with carbondioxide concentrating mechanism (NADH-dependent malic enzyme), peroxysomal biogenesis, protein modification, protein synthesis, mitochondrial electron transport chain functioning, inercellular protein transport, histone demethylation associated with developmental process, regulation of apoptosis etc. Further Badshabhog exhibited greater GO (gene ontology) distribution so far as signaling, antioxidant functioning, biological and metabolic regulation, transcriptional and translational regulation etc. with significantly higher percentage of antioxidant genes. KEGG (kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) pathway analysis showed several signal transduction pathways (abscisic acid, brassinosteroid, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene) being influenced by drought stress. Conclusion: The overall result of comparative transcriptomic investigation suggests that indigenous aromatic rice cultivars Badshabhog and Jamainadu explored varying strategies to deal with post-imbibitional dehydration stress. The cultivar Badshabhog exhibited a significantly greater molecular reprogramming presumably more through up-regulation of metabolic and energy demanding processes along with implementing better signaling strategies, antioxidative defense mechanism, DNA repair and transcriptional regulation vis-a-vis the cultivar Jamainadu.

scholarly journals Effects of Vermicompost on Some Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa) under Drought Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevinç KIRAN
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Vermicompost can play an effective and important role in plant growth and development and also in reducing harmful effects of various environmental stresses on plants. The vermicompost fertilizer application was evaluated for the growth, physiological and biochemical parameters of lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa) plants under drought stress conditions. Tests were carried out at different levels of vermicompost (0, 2.5 and 5%) and drought stress [no stress, moderate drought, and severe drought at 100, 50 and 25% of field capacity]. In comparison to control (vermicompost at 0%), lettuce plants treated with vermicompost at 2.5 or 5%  had higher shoot height, shoot fresh weight, relative water content, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b , total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents under moderate and severe drought stress conditions. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities increased while plants under drought stress conditions. Application of vermicompost caused higher SOD and CAT enzyme activities and lower MDA content under drought stress. Enhancement in antioxidant enzyme activities as a result of vermicompost destroyed reactive oxygen species. Therefore, application of vermicompost under moderate and severe drought stress decreased MDA content in lettuce plant cells. Data indicated a positive effect of the vermicompost on the growth of lettuce under drought stress conditions.

Sex distribution in arrested precompacted human embryos

Zygote ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Munné ◽  
Ya Xu Tang ◽  
Heinz-Ulrich G. Weier ◽  
Jonathan Stein ◽  
Michelle Finkelstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Rate ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Gonadal Differentiation ◽  
Sex Distribution ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Developmental Block

Evidence of sexual dimorphism before fetal gonadal differentiation in mammals has been accumulating, suggesting that male embryos develop faster than female ones. The current investigation was performed to evaluate whether the development rate of precompacted human embryos is controlled by sex chromosomes. Sex was determined by polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridisation in 172 arrested embryos derived from in vitro fertilisation. The sex ratio (1.02:0.98) did not differ significantly from 1:1. Although more males appeared to have greater fragmentation, the difference between the sex ratios of highly fragmented and normal embryos (1.08:0.92) was not significant. Arrested female embryos had a tendency to exhibit more than five nuclei and less than 10% fragmentation, but the trend was not statistically significant. The current results suggest that the first developmental block in human embryos occurs prior to and shortly after genomic activation and is not determined by the presence of the Y chromosome.

High performance Nanogold™-in situ hybridzation and its use in the detection of hybridized and PCR-amplified microscopical preparations

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 896-897
Author(s):  
G. W. Hacker ◽  
I. Zehbe ◽  
J. Hainfeld ◽  
A.-H. Graf ◽  
C. Hauser-Kronberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Protein Encoding ◽  
Polymerase Chain

In situ hybridization (ISH) with biotin-labeled probes is increasingly used in histology, histopathology and molecular biology, to detect genetic nucleic acid sequences of interest, such as viruses, genetic alterations and peptide-/protein-encoding messenger RNA (mRNA). In situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (PCR in situ hybridization = PISH) and the new in situ self-sustained sequence replication-based amplification (3SR) method even allow the detection of single copies of DNA or RNA in cytological and histological material. However, there is a number of considerable problems with the in situ PCR methods available today: False positives due to mis-priming of DNA breakdown products contained in several types of cells causing non-specific incorporation of label in direct methods, and re-diffusion artefacts of amplicons into previously negative cells have been observed. To avoid these problems, super-sensitive ISH procedures can be used, and it is well known that the sensitivity and outcome of these methods partially depend on the detection system used.

Response of maize to field drought stress: oxidative defense system, osmolytes’ accumulation and photosynthetic pigments

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Moharramnejad ◽  
Omid Sofalian ◽  
Mostafa Valizadeh ◽  
Ali Asghari ◽  
Mohammad Reza Shiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Oxidative Defense ◽  
Osmolytes Accumulation ◽  
Stress Oxidative
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