scholarly journals Low cost and comprehensive pork detection in processed food products with a different food matrix

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Fenny Aulia Sugiana ◽  
Henni Widyowati ◽  
Muhammad Ali Warisman ◽  
Suryani Suryani ◽  
Desriani Desriani
Keyword(s):  
18S Rrna ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Duplex Pcr ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Food Matrix

The adulteration of processed beef-based meat products with pork is a sensitive issue in Indonesia. In this study, we developed a detection method for the low cost identification of pork in processed meat products. We used the cost-efficient Taq DNA polymerase, DreamTaq Green PCR master mix (2x), and duplex PCR method to recognize pork simultaneously with 18S rRNA detection. A positive control containing a pork gene inserted into pGEM®-T easy was prepared, along with a negative control. The results of the duplex PCR were used to assess its specificity, detection limit, and its ability to recognize pork in processed meat products with a different food matrix. 18S rRNA detection was for confirming DNA integrity of DNA extracted from the processed food, while the positive control confirmed that the reagents were working well and the negative control confirmed a non-contamination problem. Following this, the duplex PCR was optimized and the optimum concentration primer for duplex PCR detection was found to be 3 µm for pork and 0.2 µm for 18S rRNA. As little as 3.125 ng of the DNA template could be used to detect whether a sample contained pork. Duplex PCR is a simple, fast, sensitive, specific, and low cost method of detecting pork in processed meat products.

108 NEGLIGIBLE LEVEL OF DNA DAMAGE IN BOVINE OOCYTES VITRIFIED USING MINIMUM VOLUME METHODS

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
K. Papis ◽  
E. Stachowiak ◽  
M. Kruszewski ◽  
T. Iwanenko ◽  
T. Bartlomiejczyk
Keyword(s):  
Comet Assay ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Minimum Volume ◽  
Bovine Oocytes

A relatively high number of bovine cryopreserved oocytes analyzed by the comet assay (Men et al. 2003 Mol. Reprod. Dev. 64, 245) showed compromised DNA integrity. The DNA fragmentation (comet tails) was found in 29% of slow cooled oocytes, in 20% of oocytes vitrified in straws and in 24% of oocytes vitrified in open pulled straws (OPS). Present study used the comet assay to compare the DNA status of 151 in vitro matured bovine oocytes vitrified in straws, in OPS or in droplets. It was assumed that the droplet method (Papis et al. 2000 Theriogenology 54, 651), which has gentle pre-equilibration prior to vitrification, would offer better protection of DNA. OPS vitrification was performed using a solution consisting of 20% DMSO, 20% ethylene glycol (EG), and 0.5 M sucrose. For in-straw and in-droplet vitrification, VS14 (5.5 M EG and 1.0 M sucrose) solution was used. In these two methods pre-equilibration in 3% EG solution for 15 min was applied. Fresh oocytes exposed to 0.5 mM of hydrogen peroxide for 5 min served as the positive control. Fresh M II oocytes served as the negative control. The comet assay was performed according to the procedure of Men et al. (2003) with some modifications aimed at enhancing the sensitivity of the method. The zona pellucida was removed using 0.5% pronase solution, followed by placing of the oocytes in droplets of low-melting agarose on slides. These were subjected to overnight treatment in lysis buffer, followed by 40 min of DNA unfolding and 30 min electrophoresis. Following air drying, the slides were stained with DAPI fluorochrome and photographed. The pictures were saved as anonymous consecutive files to enable objective assessment. Of 119 vitrified oocytes, 112 (94%) were evaluated. The remainder were lost or displayed atypical pictures. The comets could not be analyzed with the Comet v.3.0 software, possibly due to the large size of each oocyte. Six main classes of comet tails were distinguished ranging from no tail (class 0) to heavy and long tail (class 5). Positive control oocytes displayed class 4 (36%) or 5 (64%) tails. Negative control oocytes formed class 0 (18%) to class 3 (47%) comet tails. The oocytes vitrified using minimum volume methods fell within the same range, with 80% and 76% of oocytes vitrified in droplets and OPS, respectively, forming class 1 or 2 tails. One OPS vitrified oocyte (2.2%) expressed a class 5 tail. A small but significant proportion of oocytes vitrified in straws (15.4%, P d 0.05, ANOVA) formed class 4 tails typical of positive control oocytes. In conclusion, in spite of pre-equilibration, a significant proportion of oocytes vitrified in straws contained detectable levels of DNA fragmentation, due probably to the lower cooling rate. The minimum volume protocols (the droplet and OPS methods) caused virtually no damage as assessed by the DNA comet assay. Results presented here differ from those reported previously. Reasons for differences remain to be established.

scholarly journals Heterocyclic amines formation and mitigation in processed meat and meat products: a review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Ayofemi Olalekan Adeyeye ◽  
Tolulope Joshua Ashaolu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Heterocyclic Amines ◽  
Heat Processing ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Microwave Application

This review assesses heterocyclic amines (HCAs) formation and mitigation in processed meat and meat products. HCAs are formed when amino acids react with creatine during thermal processing of meat and meat products. The formation of HCAs depends on various factors, including the temperature and cooking time, fat contents, and the presence of HCA precursors, such as water, and lipids, meat marinating. Additional factors that could promote HCA formation are pH, meat type and ingredients added during cooking such as antioxidants, amino acids, ions, fat, and sugars that help in the production of HCAs. 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), 2-amino-3,8 dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (4,8-DiMeIQx), IQ, and MeIQ are HCAs of importance because of their link to cancer in humans. Over 25 different HCAs have been identified in processed food up to date. Out of this nine of the HCAs belong to possible carcinogens (group 2B) while one is grouped as a probable carcinogen (group 2A) in humans. To mitigate HCA generation during heat processing, different techniques have been used which include multiple recipes, adjustments of thermal processing conditions, the use of flavourings in case of meat, pre-treatments like microwave application, as well as application of antioxidants whether natural occurring and artificial ones.

scholarly journals AUTENTIKASI DAGING AYAM SEGAR DARI KONTAMINASI DAGING BABI MENGGUNAKAN GEN CYT-B DENGAN ANALISIS DUPLEX- POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Bayu Setya Hertanto ◽  
Rizky Aulia Fitra ◽  
Lilik Retna Kartikasari ◽  
Muhammad Cahyadi
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Duplex Pcr ◽  
Cyt B ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
The City ◽  
Dna Isolation Protocol

Halal is one of important aspects in consumer protection. Meat and processed meat products are food that should be controlled strictly because those are prone to be adulterated by pork contamination. Therefore, it is necessary to provide detection technique which is accurate, fast and cheap. The objective of this research was to identify the presence of impurities of pork meat on raw chicken meat using gene Cyt-b with duplex-PCR analysis. This research used six samples of raw chicken meat and raw pork. Raw chicken meat was bought from supermarkets in the city of Surakarta and raw pork was obtained from pig slaughterhouse. The percentage of raw pork contamination on raw chicken meat was designed as much as 1, 5, 10, and 25%, respectively. The DNA genome was isolated according to DNA isolation protocol from Genomic DNA Mini Kit. In addition, duplex-PCR was performed based on protocol of KAPA2G Fast Multiplex PCR kit. The data was descriptively analyzed by directly looking the DNA bands on the gel documentation apparatus. The result showed that specific DNA bands for chicken and pig were completely appeared on 1.5% of agarose gels. Duplex-PCR detect contamination of pork on raw meat of chicken at all contamination levels. This research proved that the duplex-PCR detect the contamination of pork until the level of 1%.

scholarly journals Ecological sanitation products reuse for agriculture in Sahel: effects on soil properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-322
Author(s):  
D. Sangare ◽  
B. Sawadogo ◽  
M. Sou/Dakoure ◽  
D. M. S. Ouedraogo ◽  
N. Hijikata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Sodium Accumulation ◽  
Fertilizer Value ◽  
Ecological Sanitation ◽  
Sanitary Products ◽  
Drainage Capacity

Abstract. The sanitary products (i.e toilet compost, urine, and greywater) from resource oriented sanitation are a low-cost alternative to chemical fertilizers and irrigation water for poor communities in dry areas. However, if these products are not managed carefully, increased soil salinity and sodium accumulation could occur. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of these products at different combinations on the properties of cultivated soil and on okra plant productivity. The treatments were: (1) fresh dam water (FDW) as a negative control, (2) FDW plus chemical fertilizer (i.e.NPK) (FDW + NPK) as a positive control, (3) treated greywater (TGW), (4) FDW plus Urine/Toilet Compost (UTC) (FDW + UTC), (5) TGW + UTC, (6) TGW + NPK. Effects on okra productivity were assessed by measuring the fresh fruit yield whereas effects on soil were evaluated through measurements of electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and total organic carbon (TOC) at various depths. Results showed that the yields obtained with TGW (0.71 t ha−1) and TGW + UTC (0.67 t ha−1) were significantly higher than the yields obtained with the positive control FDW + NPK (0.22 t ha−1) meaning that the fertilizer value of the sanitary products was higher than that of chemical fertilizer. Concerning effects on soil, SAR values increased significantly in plots treated by TGW (8.86 ± 1.52) and TGW + UTC (10.55 ± 1.85) compared to plots fertilized with FDW (5.61 ± 1.45) and FDW + NPK (2.71 ± 0.67). The TOC of plots treated with TGW + UTC (6.09 ± 0.99 g kg−1) was significantly higher than those of FDW + NPK (4.46 ± 0.22 g kg−1). Combined sanitary products from resource oriented sanitation can be reused as a nutrient source and water for food production, provided that soil salinity is monitored and the soil has high drainage capacity.

Technologically processed and natural foods in pregnant women nutrition

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
Ieva Laukytė ◽  
Dalia Vaicekauskaitė ◽  
Rūta Dubakienė
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Canned Corn ◽  
Mixed Origin ◽  
Natural Foods

The objective of our study was to find out the tendencies of nutrition among pregnant women and to reveal which products, technologically processed or natural foods, were consumed more. 205 women took part in the first Lithuanian newborn cohort, PLANK-K. 62 questionnaires with 198 questions about products consumed during pregnancy were answered. In the main groups of products the majority of women consumed plant origin food. Most of the women ate bread products, grain and its products, cocoa and its products, dairy products, meat and its products. A lot of women consumed nuts and their products, various drinks, some of them ate eggs and their products. The least consumed during pregnancy were various origin fats and honey. In smaller subgroups the majority of women consumed vegetables, the minority of them ate rare meat (venison, lamb) and mixed origin fat. Speaking about technologically processed food, two groups were fit for comparison: processed meat products and canned corn. Processed meat products had big preponderance against consumption of other meat products and more than half of women chose canned corn. It is clear that in this case technologically processed food was chosen more often than non-processed food. The format of this questionnaire allows to accurately evaluate food products that mothers consume during pregnancy, but makes it harder to evaluate technologically processed and non-processed food consumption.

scholarly journals Effect of affordable disinfectant solutions on Candida albicans adhered to acrylic resin for dental prosthesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Naomi HASHIZUME ◽  
Murilo Fernandes HOSCHARUK ◽  
Maurício José Santos MOREIRA
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Dental Prosthesis ◽  
Control Group

Objective: To evaluate the effect of different low-cost disinfectant solutions on Candida albicans (C. albicans) adhered to acrylic resin used in dental prosthesis. Methods: Sixty acrylic resin specimens were divided into four experimental groups according to the disinfecting agent tested (2% chlorhexidine, 1% sodium hypochlorite, vinegar and 10v hydrogen peroxide) and two control groups. Fifty specimens were incubated with C. albicans and after immersed in the disinfecting solutions or saline (negative control). Specimens without contamination constituted the positive control group. After disinfection procedures, all specimens were immersed in a culture medium and incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. Culture media turbidity was evaluated. Results: The disinfectants 2% chlorhexidine and 1% sodium hypochlorite performed a maximal reduction of C. albicans. Vinegar showed intermediate antifungal effect and 10v hydrogen peroxide showed a lower effect. Conclusions: Among the disinfecting solutions tested in the present study, 2% chlorhexidine and 1% sodium hypochlorite are the most effective in the reduction of C. albicans adhered to acrylic resin. However, vinegar may represent a viable and low-cost alternative to prosthesis disinfection.

scholarly journals Mechanically deboned meat

1990 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 369-380
Author(s):  
L. Riihonen ◽  
J. Laine ◽  
P. Linko
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
High Protein Content ◽  
Technological Characteristics ◽  
And Storage

Mechanically deboned meat (MDM) and mechanically deboned tissue (MDT) are used in the meat industry to an ever-increasing degree. The quality of mechanically deboned meat, its high protein content, good technological characteristics and comparatively low cost make the product a profitable and useful raw material. Mechanically deboned meat is a wholesome, nutritious, highly palatable product with a bright future as food. Its properties permit its incorporation in the production of heat-processed meat products composed of comminuted raw materials. Regulations are given in the legislation of several countries concerning the chemical composition, use and storage of such meat.

scholarly journals Effect Of Agitated Chicken-Droppings for in Situ Bioremediation of Pahs in Spend Engine-Oil Contaminated Soil

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
VE Okpashi ◽  
NE Etim ◽  
Inyang IH ◽  
UN Obeten
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Used Engine Oil ◽  
Normal Water

The populace are concern about how their environment is impacted by spend or used engine oil. The spills from spend engine oil posed serious problems to the land and aquatic habitats. Efficient methods but low-cost technique for remediating spends engine oil contaminated soil and restorations of soil fertility are being explored. In response to used engine oil pollution to the soil, the present investigation examined the comparative biodegradation level of spend engine oil contaminated soil using fermented chicken droppings. The soil sample was collected from the uncontaminated site 10 cm below ground level. The sandy/loam soil was sieved with 2.5 mm mesh. A 4 kg of the soil was weighed into each bucket and contaminated with spend engine oil, the soil was contaminated with 150 ml of the spend engine oil at a ratio of 1:27. A 27 kg of chicken droppings was mixed with 27 liters of water in a ratio of 1 kg: 1L. The mixture was left for 7days to ferment and increase the microbial load. The contaminated soil was irrigated using an experimental design that included uncontaminated soil that was irrigated using normal water (positive control), contaminated soil that was irrigated using normal water (negative control) and contaminated soil irrigated using fermented chicken droppings (test). Five hundred mL of the chicken droppings mixture was used to irrigate the soil for 21 days at an interval of 3 days per irrigation. Thereafter, the irrigated soil was screened with gas chromatography linked with mass spectroscopy. There was an observed change in contaminant concentration without fermented chicken droppings. The percentage of differences in the concentrations was recorded in × 10–5% with the presence of Naphthalene and Acenaphthylene with the percent difference of 2.0 × 10–5% and 5.0 × 10– 5%. Result revealed an appreciable decrease in PAHs level compared to the positive and negative control. The findings suggest the positive effect and rapid uptake of the contaminant in the application of fermented chicken droppings. J. Bio-Sci. 29(1): 01-09, 2021 (June)

Enhancing the health potential of processed meat: the effect of chitosan or carboxymethyl cellulose enrichment on inherent microstructure, water mobility and oxidation in a meat-based food matrix

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 4017-4027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minyi Han ◽  
Mathias P. Clausen ◽  
Morten Christensen ◽  
Els Vossen ◽  
Thomas Van Hecke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Water Mobility ◽  
Food Matrix ◽  
Water Binding

The addition of dietary fibers can alleviate the deteriorated textural properties and water binding capacity (WBC) that may occur when the fat content is lowered directly in the formulas of comminuted meat products.

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