scholarly journals Faktor risiko kejadian multi drug resistant tuberculosis di RSUP Dr. Sardjito

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Erma Nurjanah Widiastuti ◽  
Yanri Wijayanti Subronto ◽  
Dibyo Promono
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Hiv Aids

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to identify the determinants of multidrug resistant events in patients with tuberculosis in Dr. Sardjito Hospital in Yogyakarta.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted involving 122 patients with suspected MDR TB consisting of 61 cases of MDR TB and 61 non MDR TB cases. The data collected were secondary data from MDR TB.06 registers, medical records, MDR TB.03 registers, and MDR TB patients' baseline data forms at Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta from January 2012 until September 2016. Data were analyzed to determine the correlation between independent variables and dependent variable using Chi-Square tests, and to know the most dominant risk factors using multiple logistic regression tests.Results MDR TB patients’ characteristics showed there were more males (63.93%), age >45 years (52.46%), previously TB treatment (96.72%), never smoking (75.41%), no contacts with MDR TB patients (86.89%), and never examined for HIV-AIDS (59.02%). The analysis showed there was no significant association between age, sex, previous TB treatment, smoking, contact with MDR TB patients, and HIV-AIDS status with MDR TB incidence in Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta (p value >0.05).Conclusion The variables of age, sex, previous TB treatment, smoking, contacts with MDR TB patients, and HIV-AIDS status were not risk factors for MDR TB incidence in Dr. Sardjito Hospital in Yogyakarta.

scholarly journals Risk factors of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in urban Allahabad, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 2383
Author(s):  
Jamil Raazi ◽  
Shiv Prakash ◽  
Khurshid Parveen ◽  
Shama Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive History ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
History Of

Background: India has the highest burden of tuberculosis globally while second highest in estimated MDR-TB cases after China. The prevalence of MDR-TB is estimated to be 3% among new cases and 14-17% amongst the re-treatment cases. The Objective of the study was to identify the risk factors of MDR-TB in patients registered at tuberculosis units of urban Allahabad.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on TB patients registered at the urban tuberculosis units of Allahabad district in the year 2015. A total of 54 MDR-TB and 1016 non-MDR TB patients were included in the study. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect the data on the various factors. The chi-square test was used to study the association of various risk factors for MDR-TB patients.Results: MDR-TB was more common in 26-45 year age group (59.26%), males (62.96%), previously treated TB case (83.34%), positive history of contact with MDR-TB patient (5.55%), patients previously on non-DOTS treatment (37.78%), patients with associated co-morbidities (37.03%) and in substance abuse (74.07%) while Non-MDR is more common in >45 years (46.75%) age group, females (56.69%), new cases (87.20%), patients on DOTS therapy (85.16%), without any co-morbidities (83.46%) and in patients having positive history of substance abuse (60.04%).Conclusions: The younger age, male gender previous TB treatment, patients previously on Non-DOTS treatment, incomplete previous TB treatment, positive contact history of MDR-TB cases, presence of associated co-morbidities and substance abuse was significantly associated with MDR-TB patients than Non-MDR-TB patients (p<0.05). 

scholarly journals Prevalence and Determinant of Depression among Multi-Drug Resistance Tuberculosis: Study in Dr. Kariadi General Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
Mahalul Azam ◽  
Arulita Ika Fibriana ◽  
Fitri Indrawati ◽  
Indah Septiani
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Depression Status ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Mdr Tb

Backgrouds: Multi-drug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) adds the burden of tuberculosis (TB). Depression is a common comorbidity in TB patients. Prevalence of depression among MDR-TB patients was higher, i.e. 11-70%. Prevalence of depression among TB patients in Dr. Kariadi General Hospital was 51.9%. Previous study reported the determinants related to the depression in MDR-TB patients. This study explored the prevalence of depression in MDR-TB patients and its determinants. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted from July-August 2019. Data consisted of primary and secondary data from Dr. Kariadi General Hospital patients. Sample in this study involved 72 respondents, over 16 years old from 151 registered MDR-TB patients. Depression status was determined using Depression Anxiety Stress Scales obtained from the medical record. Subjects’ characteristics and determinants were collected from primary as well as secondary data. Descriptive data were presented in proportion. Chi-square test continued by Binary logistic regression was performed to determine the association between depression status and its determinants. A P-value

scholarly journals Cardiovascular determinants of renal dysfunction among children and adolescents in South West Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
A.A. Akinbodewa ◽  
O.A. Adejumo ◽  
A. Ogunleye ◽  
T.T. Oluwafemi ◽  
O.A. Lamidi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: New evidences reveal significant association of cardiovascular risk factors to development of chronic kidney disease among children and adolescents but there is paucity of data from Africa. Objectives: We examined the association of cardiovascular risk factors to renal dysfunction among Nigerian pediatric subjects. Materials and method: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study of pediatrics aged 2 to 17 years. Blood pressure, body mass index, serum lipids and creatinine were determined. Their glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the revised Schwartz equation. Data was analyzed with SPSS 20. Test of association was by Chi square at P <0.05. Results: We studied 114 children and adolescents. There were 55 (48.2%) males and 59 (51.8%) females with mean age of 8.99±4.26 years. There were 68 (53.5%) children and 53 adolescents (46.5%). Four (3.5%) subjects had proteinuria ≥1+. Renal dysfunction (eGFR <60ml/ min/1.73m2) was found among 9 (7.9%) participants. Renal dysfunction was higher among children than adolescents (13.1% v 1.9%) (p = 0.027). The presence and clustering of risk factors were higher among subjects with renal dysfunction (p value 0.466, 95% CI 0.19-28.3). Low HDL-c (44.4%), prehypertension(22.2%) and overweight (22.2%) were the most prevalent risk factors among those with renal dysfunction. Only age demonstrated relationship to renal dysfunction in terms of mean difference (p value 0.007, 95% CI, 1.125-6.818). Conclusions: The prevalence and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors is higher among children with renal dysfunction. Age showed association  to renal dysfunction. Dyslipidemia and high body mass have propensity to influence the development of pediatric CKD. Keywords: Cardiovascular risk factors, renal dysfunction, association, pediatrics, Nigeria, Africa.

scholarly journals Detecting chronic kidney disease in diabetic adults by estimating glomerular filtration rate and Serum Creatinine

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Kh. Mohammed Almaawi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Qualitative Variables

Objective: To assess CKD prevalence and risk factors including socio-demography among diabetics by estimating GFR rather than serum creatinine (sCr). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Dec. 15 2019 through Aug. 15 2020, among 800 diabetics attending tertiary diabetes centers, Baghdad. Data was collected by self-administered questionnaire. SPSS was used for data analysis by (mean, standard deviation and T-test) for quantitative variables and (frequency, percentage, Chi-square test and Kappa index) for qualitative variables. P-Value less than 0.05 was considered significant.  Results: 800 diabetics for last 5-40 years, 95.6% with type2. Aged 52.1±13.2 years, with male: female ratio 1.03:1, 63.6% were with no income, sCr level was 0.86±0.3 mg/dl, and eGFR by Cockcroft Gault (CG) and CKD-EPI equations was 100.4±36.5 & 92.2±25.5 ml/min/1.73m2 respectively. CKD prevalence based on sCr, and eGFR assessed by above equations was 13.3%, 20% and 15.9% respectively (p<0.001). Those with CKD were hypertensive, females, and living in peripheries. Conclusions: Diabetic patients, mainly those with risk factors are more likely to develop CKD. It is better to detect CKD intially by estimating the GFR, rather than serum creatinine level alone. Furthermore, using CKD-EPI equation might be better than the CG formula to estimate the GFR.

scholarly journals The implementation of health istithaah to the pilgrims with tuberculosis: a cross-sectional study in Jakarta, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-203
Author(s):  
Ibnu Mas'ud ◽  
Ujainah Zaini Nasir ◽  
Ceva Wicaksono Pitoyo ◽  
Ikhwan Rinaldi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
District Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intensive Phase ◽  
Health Team ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Mdr Tb

BACKGROUND Based on the regulation of the Indonesian Ministry of Health No. 15 of 2016 about health istithaah for the Hajj, patients with tuberculosis (TB) can be categorized into ineligible or temporarily ineligible pilgrims. This study aimed to know the characteristics of pilgrims with TB and determined their level of fitness for fulfilling the health istithaah. METHODS A cross-sectional study of pilgrims from Jakarta who were receiving TB treatment during the Hajj in 2018 was conducted with consecutive sampling. The secondary data was collected from the Hajj Integrated Computer Health System 2018, TB registered form, and six-minute walk test (the fitness level data) conducted by the District Hajj Health Team at district health centers in DKI Jakarta and Pondok Gede before the Hajj embarkation in June–July 2018. The questionnaire to the Indonesian Hajj Health Team during pilgrimage was also included as additional data. RESULTS Thirty-one pilgrims received TB treatment and completed the intensive phase of TB treatment, but 29 pilgrims had no symptoms. Among them, 2 patients had MDR-TB. Most of them were male aged ≥40 years old. Twelve pilgrims with TB have a sufficient fitness. All pilgrims were able to run the pillars of the Hajj. CONCLUSIONS Pilgrims with TB, including MDR-TB, who had completed the intensive phase with a negative sputum smear test were declared eligible for the Hajj with assistance.

scholarly journals Discordance of the Repeat GeneXpert MTB/RIF test for Rifampicin resistance detection among patients Initiating MDR-TB treatment in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willy Ssengooba ◽  
Jean de Dieu Iragena ◽  
Kevin Komakech ◽  
Iginitius Okello ◽  
Joanitah Nalunjogi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Rifampicin Resistance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Mdr Tb

Abstract Background The Global Laboratory Initiative (GLI) guidelines recommend to repeat GeneXpertMTB/RIF (XpertMTB/RIF) in patients with a low-pretest probability of rifampicin-resistance (RR). Design/Methods In a cross-sectional study using results of sputum specimens collected from participants screened for the STREAM 2 trial. We recruited all patients with XpertMTB/RIF RR-TB detected who were referred for RR/MDR-TB treatment initiation at Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, between September 2017 and October 2019. At baseline, smear microscopy, repeat XpertMTB/RIF, Xpert Ultra and MTBDRplus assays were done on sputum specimens. Culture-based drug-susceptibility testing (DST) were done on discordant specimens. We analysed the prevalence and factors associated with discordance between initial and repeat XpertMTB/RIF RR and false XpertMTB/RIF RR. False XpertMTB/RIF RR was defined as no RR detected by any of Xpert Ultra, LPA or culture DST (reference comparator). Results A total of 126/130 patients had repeat XpertMTB/RIF results of which, 97 (77.0%) had M. tuberculosis detected of whom, 81 (83.5%) had RR detected, and 1 (1.0%) had RR indeterminate. The prevalence of discordant XpertMTB/RIF RR was 15/96 (15.6%) whereas false XpertMTB/RIF RR prevalence was 10/96 (10.4%). Low bacillary load sputum specimens were more likely to have discordant XpertMTB/RIF RR and false XpertMTB/RIF RR results, aOR (p-value: 95%CI), 0.04 (0.01; 0.00-0.37) and 0.02 (0.01; 0.01-0.35) respectively. Conclusion Our findings show a high false-positive rifampicin resistance rate in low TB burden patients, which calls for repeat testing in order to prevent unnecessary prescription of anti MDR-TB therapy.

scholarly journals Availability, price and affordability of anti-tuberculosis drugs in Europe: a TBNET survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 1081-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunar Günther ◽  
Gabriela B. Gomez ◽  
Christoph Lange ◽  
Stephan Rupert ◽  
Frank van Leth
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Domestic Products ◽  
Major Impediment

Data on availability and cost of anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs in relation to affordability at national level are scarce.We performed a cross-sectional study on availability and cost of anti-TB drugs at major TB-reference centres in 37 European countries. Costs of standardised treatment regimens used for pan-sensitive TB, multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB, pre-extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB, and XDR-TB were compared using a purchasing power analysis. Affordability was evaluated in relation to monthly national gross domestic products per capita (GDP).At least one second-line injectable and either moxifloxacin or levofloxacin were available in all countries. Linezolid and clofazimine were available in 79% and 46% of the countries, respectively. Drug cost for XDR-TB was three-times more expensive than those for MDR-TB. The average price of treatment for pan-sensitive TB represented a maximum of 8.5% of the monthly GDP across countries, while for standard MDR-TB treatment this was <30% in only six countries and more than 100% in four countries. Treatment of XDR-TB represented more than 100% of a month's GDP in all countries where the regimen was available.High cost and limited availability of drugs for treatment of drug-resistant TB, particularly beyond resistance to first-line drugs, are a major impediment to successful TB control in Europe.

scholarly journals Factors Related to Adolescent Behavior towards HIV/AIDS Prevention

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Yuliasti Eka Purnamaningrum ◽  
Ratyas Ekartika Puspita Candra Nugrahawati ◽  
Munica Rita Hernayanti ◽  
Anne Vajee
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Aids Prevention ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Hiv Aids

In 2016 Special Region of Yogyakarta was ranked 9th as the province with the highest number of people suffered from HIV/AIDS especially at Sleman regency. Globally, AIDS was the second leading cause of adolescents’s death aged of 10-19 years. The purpose of this study was to find out factors affecting the behaviour of the adolescents towards HIV/AIDS prevention. This research using with cross sectional study design. The sampling technique which used was stratified random sampling resulted in 59 respondents from 11th grade students at SMA Negeri 2 Sleman were selected as sample. Data were collected using questionnaire and analyzed using Chi-Square test and Multiple Logistic Regression. The result showed that most respondents 66,1% had sufficient knowledge. Students who showed supportive attitude was 54,2%. Information obtained were mostly from electronic media. Thirty one students (52,5%) showed a positive behaviour toward HIV/AIDS prevention. Chi-Square test’s result showed that factors significantly related to adolescent’s behaviour toward HIV/AIDS prevention were knowledge and attitude. Variables most affecting was attitude (p-value=0,008; PR=4,4; 95% CI=1,4-13,1).

scholarly journals FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN MAKROSOMIA DI RSUD SAWERIGADING PALOPO

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susianti Asry
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Regional Hospital ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Approach

Background: infant with macrosomia is a baby weighing more than 4,500 grams or for Indonesia if the baby weighs 4,000 grams, or more than two standard deviations or above 90 years of normal weight percentile. Objective: to find out the factors associated with macrosomia occurrences at Sawerigading Regional Hospital of Palopo City in 2017. Method: This study used an analytical survey using Cross Sectional Study approach. The population of this study was all maternal mothers who gave birth with baby’s weight more than 4000 grams recorded in register book of Sawerigading Regional Hospital of Palopo City from January to March 2017 accounting for 30 babies. The samples of this study was maternal mothers who gave birth with baby’s weight more than 4000 grams in whcih accounting for 30 respondents using total sampling technique. Data collection was through primary data (questionnaires) and secondary data. The data were processed using statistical product and service solution (SPSS) 20 and analyzed using univariate and bivariate with Chi-square statistical test and presented in the tabular form of frequency distribution. Result: there was a relationship between diabetes melitus and macrosomia incidences (p Value = 0,005 ˂,034), there was a relationship between heredity and macrosomia occurrences (p Value = ,034 &lt;0,05), and there was a relationship between multiparity and macrosomia (p Value = ,011 &lt;0,05). Conclusion: there was a relationship between heredity, multiparity and diabetes mellitus with macrosomia occurrences at Sawerigading Palopo General Hospital in 2017

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated with MDR-TB among Tuberculosis Patients in Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-242
Author(s):  
C.A. Akinleye ◽  
A. Onabule ◽  
A.O. Oyekale ◽  
M.O. Akindele ◽  
O.J. Babalola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Treatment Regimen ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Facteurs De Risque ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Mdr Tb

Introduction: In Nigeria, patients accessing Directory Observed Therapy (DOTS) treatment are exposed to resistance to anti-TB drugs, hence is  considered a priority, only few studies have focused on the relevant risk factors, Factors leading to development of drug resistance need to be understood to develop appropriate control strategies for national programsMethod: The study was a cross sectional study design. Multistage sampling technique was employed in the selection of 403 tuberculosis patients in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State. Data were collected using self-administered structured questionnaire, and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Level of significance was set at P<0.05.Results: Fifty three (13.2%) of the total respondent had Multidrug Resistant TB (MDR-TB) which is more among the males 36(67.9%) (p>0.05). Education and Occupation shows a significant association with MDR-TB, (χ2=24.640, p =0.007) and (χ2=14.416, p = 0.006) respectively,risk factors such asprevious TB treatment and Adherence with treatment regimen (r=0.270, p<0.05), HIV (r=0.168, p<0.05) and smoking (ß=0.107, t=2.144, p<0.05) were statistically associated with development of acquired MDR-TB.Conclusion: This finding revealed that Previous TB treatment andAdherence with treatment regimen were found to be the major risk factor for MDR-TB. Targeted educational intervention for patients and their contacts may minimize the nonadherence with prescribed TB treatment and lessen MDR-TB magnitude. High quality directly observed treatment should be strengthened to ensure that the previously treated patients can receive standard and regular regimens. Keywords: TB Patients, MDR-TB, tuberculosis, Risk factors.   French Title: Facteurs de risque associés à la MDR-TB parmi les patientstuberculeux à Ibadan, état d'Oyo, Nigéria Introduction: Au Nigéria, les patients accédant au traitement DOTS (Directory Observed Therapy) sont exposés à une résistance aux médicaments  antituberculeux, ce qui est considéré comme une priorité, seules quelques études se sont concentrées sur les facteurs de risque pertinents. Les facteurs menant au développement d'être compris pour développer des stratégies de contrôle appropriées pour les programmes nationaux.Méthode de l'étude: L'étude était un plan d'étude transversale. Une technique d'échantillonnage à plusieurs degrés a été utilisée pour  sélectionner 403 patients tuberculeux dans la région du gouvernement local d'Ibadan Nord de l'état d'Oyo. Les données ont été collectées à l'aide d'un questionnaire structuré auto-administré et analysées à l'aide de la version 25 du SPSS. Le niveau de signification a été fixé à P <0,05.Résultats de l'étude: Cinquante-trois (13,2%) des répondants totaux avaient une tuberculose multi résistante (MDR-TB), ce qui est plus parmi les hommes 36 (67,9%) (p> 0,05). L'éducation et la profession montrent une association significative avec la TB-MR, (χ2 = 24,640, p = 0,007) et (χ2 = 14,416, p = 0,006) respectivement, des facteurs de risque tels que le traitement antituberculeux antérieur et l'observance du schéma thérapeutique (r =0,270, p <0,05), le VIH (r = 0,168, p <0,05) et le tabagisme (ß = 0,107, t = 2,144, p <0,05) étaient statistiquement associés au développement de la TB-MR acquise.Conclusion: Ce résultat a révélé que le traitement antituberculeux antérieur et l'observance du schéma thérapeutique étaient les principaux  facteurs de risque de TB-MR. Une intervention éducative ciblée pour les patients et leurs contacts peut minimiser la non-observance du traitement antituberculeux prescrit et réduire l'ampleur de la TB-MR. Un traitement de haute qualité directement observé doit être renforcé pour garantir queles patients précédemment traités puissent recevoir des schémas standards et réguliers. Mots-clés: Patients TB, MDR-TB, tuberculose, facteurs de risque  

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