scholarly journals An Overview of Difficulties in Controlling Intensified Process

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1 & 2) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Reza Barzin ◽  
Syamsul Rizal Abd Shukor ◽  
Abdul Latif Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Dynamic Interaction ◽  
Engineering Industry ◽  
Chemical Plants ◽  
Control Loop ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Production Objectives

Process intensification (PI) is currently one of the most significant trends in chemical engineering and process technology. PI is a strategy of making dramatic reductions in the size of unit operations within chemical plants, in order to achieve production objectives. PI technology is able to change dramatically the whole chemical engineering industry pathway to a faster, cleaner and safer industry. Nonetheless, PI technology will be handicapped if such system is not properly controlled. There are some foreseeable problems in order to control such processes for instance, dynamic interaction between components that make up a control loop, response time of the instrumentations, availability of proper sensor and etc. This paper offers an overview and discussion on identifying potential problems of controlling intensified systems.

Micro-Structured Reactors and Catalysts for the Intensification of Chemical Processes

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Renken
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Catalyst Design ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Chemical Reactors ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalytic ◽  
Structured Reactors ◽  
Proper Design

Process intensification is the term which describes an innovative design approach in chemical engineering aiming on a significant increase of the specific performance of chemical reactors and plants miniaturization, of at least an order of magnitude. In addition, the running costs should be reduced and the process should be more efficient, safer, and less polluting than the existing ones. Micro process technology is considered as means of process intensification leading to better use of raw materials and energy. Chemical micro-structured reactors (MSR) are devices containing open paths for fluids with dimensions in the sub-millimeter range. Mostly they consist of multiple parallel channels with diameters between ten and several hundred micrometers where the chemical transformations occur. This results in a high specific surface area in the range of 10,000 to 50,000 m2m−3 and allows a more efficient mass and heat transfer compared to traditional chemical reactors having usually ∼100 m2m−3. Another important feature of micro-structured reactors is that the heat exchange and the reaction are mostly performed in the same gadget. Intensification of heterogeneous catalytic processes involves besides of innovative engineering of micro-structured reactors, the proper design of the catalyst. This requires the simultaneous development of the catalyst and the reactor. The catalyst design should be closely integrated with the reactor design taking into consideration the reaction mechanism, mass/heat transfer and the energy supply / evacuation resulting in high selectivity and yield of the target products. Besides general criteria for the choice and proper design of micro-structured reactors for process intensification, particular needs for homogeneous and multiphase reactions will be discussed.

Transport phenomena in environmental engineering

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Sander ◽  
Jasna Prlić Kardum ◽  
Gordana Matijašić ◽  
Krunoslav Žižek
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Transport Phenomena ◽  
Environmental Engineering ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Equilibrium Separation ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Conceptual Evolution

Abstract A term transport phenomena arises as a second paradigm at the end of 1950s with high awareness that there was a strong need to improve the scoping of chemical engineering science. At that point, engineers became highly aware that it is extremely important to take step forward from pure empirical description and the concept of unit operations only to understand the specific process using phenomenological equations that rely on three elementary physical processes: momentum, energy and mass transport. This conceptual evolution of chemical engineering was first presented with a well-known book of R. Byron Bird, Warren E. Stewart and Edwin N. Lightfoot, Transport Phenomena, published in 1960 [1]. What transport phenomena are included in environmental engineering? It is hard to divide those phenomena through different engineering disciplines. The core is the same but the focus changes. Intention of the authors here is to present the transport phenomena that are omnipresent in treatment of various process streams. The focus in this chapter is made on the transport phenomena that permanently occur in mechanical macroprocesses of sedimentation and filtration for separation in solid–liquid particulate systems and on the phenomena of the flow through a fixed and a fluidized bed of particles that are immanent in separation processes in packed columns and in environmental catalysis. The fundamental phenomena for each thermal and equilibrium separation process technology are presented as well. Understanding and mathematical description of underlying transport phenomena result in scoping the separation processes in a way that ChEs should act worldwide.

scholarly journals In the frame of globalization, some tracks for the future of chemical and process engineering

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-115
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Charpentier
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Process Engineering ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Multiscale Approach ◽  
New Production ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Chemical Process Industry ◽  
The Future

In today's economy, chemical engineering must respond to the changing needs of the chemical process industry in order to meet market demands. The evolution of chemical engineering is necessary to remain competitive in global trade. The ability of chemical engineering to cope with managing complex systems met in scientific and technological problems is addressed in this paper. Chemical Engineering is vital for sustainability: to satisfy both the market requirements for specific end-use properties of products and the social and environmental constraints of industrial-scale processes. An integrated system approach of complex multidisciplinary, non-linear non-equilibrium processes and phenomena occurring on different length and time scales is required. This will be obtained due to breakthroughs in molecular modeling, scientific instrumentation and related signal processing and powerful computational tools. The future of chemical engineering can be summarized by four main objectives: (1) Increase productivity and selectivity through intensification of intelligent operations and a multiscale approach to processes control; (2) Design novel equipment based on scientific principles and new production methods: process intensification using multifunctional reactors and microengineering and microtechnology (3) Extend chemical engineering methodology to product design and engineering using the "triplet 3PE molecular Processes-Product-Process Engineering" approach; (4) Implement multiscale application of computational chemical engineering modeling and simulation to real-life situations from the molecular scale to the production scale.

scholarly journals Sequencing of unit operations for integral and sustainable peanut processing

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e67963449
Author(s):  
Bianca Guimarães ◽  
Jéssica Terra Teodoro Silva ◽  
Kássia Graciele Santos ◽  
José Luiz Vieira Neto
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Fine Coal ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Ecological Relationship ◽  
Immediate Analysis ◽  
Drying Efficiency

The most used biomass are wood, sugar cane, paper, rice husk, and peanut. Based on the concept of sustainability and waste reduction, the full utilization of biomass is an alternative capable of providing people with a better nutritional intake, improving the economy related to biomass and the ecological relationship between man and the environment. So, the aim of this work was the sustainable use the biomass, the peanut, through multiple unit operations. Thus, the material went through several processes as the grinding process, where it was possible to obtain immediate analysis data (moisture content, ash content, volatile content and fixed carbon) and particle size. Then, drying was performed employing solar energy and the drying efficiency was obtained. Infrared and greenhouse tests were performed in the laboratory to determine the drying and humidity curves. After drying, it was also carried out the oil extraction using ethanol as solvent heated by solar energy. After that, the residual cake was used as the adsorbent material in the dye removal by adsorption in a fixed bed. So, the dye-impregnated adsorbent has undergone a process of pyrolysis in order to form fine coal, bio-oil, and gases. With products and by-products of each process, it was possible to generate the infrared spectrum of each. Therefore, it is shown how the integral use of peanut as biomass is possible, using chemical engineering sustainable processes, and how it may contribute to the reduction of the pollution and to the reduction of waste production.

Biomolecular Systems Engineering: Unlocking the Potential of Engineered Allostery via the Lactose Repressor Topology

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Groseclose ◽  
Ronald E. Rondon ◽  
Ashley N. Hersey ◽  
Prasaad T. Milner ◽  
Dowan Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Gene Networks ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Biomolecular Systems ◽  
Lactose Repressor ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Allosteric Communication ◽  
Logical Operations

Allosteric function is a critical component of many of the parts used to construct gene networks throughout synthetic biology. In this review, we discuss an emerging field of research and education, biomolecular systems engineering, that expands on the synthetic biology edifice—integrating workflows and strategies from protein engineering, chemical engineering, electrical engineering, and computer science principles. We focus on the role of engineered allosteric communication as it relates to transcriptional gene regulators—i.e., transcription factors and corresponding unit operations. In this review, we ( a) explore allosteric communication in the lactose repressor LacI topology, ( b) demonstrate how to leverage this understanding of allostery in the LacI system to engineer non-natural BUFFER and NOT logical operations, ( c) illustrate how engineering workflows can be used to confer alternate allosteric functions in disparate systems that share the LacI topology, and ( d) demonstrate how fundamental unit operations can be directed to form combinational logical operations. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biophysics, Volume 50 is May 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals The Virtual Chemical Engineering Unit Operations Laboratory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Lan ◽  
Karlene Hoo ◽  
Jason Williams ◽  
Harry Parker ◽  
Charles Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Unit Operations

Process intensification in chemical engineering: general trends and Russian contribution

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rufat S. Abiev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Russian Scientist ◽  
Energy Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract Minimization of the costs with simultaneous increase in the raw materials and energy use efficiency is a challenge for the modern world. One of the most effective tools to solve this task is the use of process intensification (PI), first proposed by Ramshaw C. The incentive for process intensification, Proceedings, 1st Intl. Conf. Proc. Intensif. for Chem. Ind., 18, BHR Group, London, 1995, p. 1. and then extended by Stankiewicz AI, Moulijn JA. Process intensification: transforming chemical engineering. Chem Eng Prog 2000: 22–34. In the presented review, some principles of PI in chemical engineering and their application for wide variety of processes is discussed. The role of the Russian scientist with a research background is carried out in other countries.

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