scholarly journals Hydrogen and Methane Production Under Conditions of Anaerobic Digestion of Key-Lime and Cabbage Wastes

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaweł Sołowski ◽  
Izabela Konkol ◽  
Bartosz Hrycak ◽  
Dariusz Czylkowski
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
Citrus Aurantifolia ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Neutral Ph ◽  
Key Lime

In this article, the results of key lime fruit (Citrus aurantifolia) wastes and cabbage (Brassica L.) wastes anaerobic digestion are presented. Anaerobic digestion of the wastes was performed in batch process, neutral pH (key-lime 7.47 and cabbage 7.67) and substrate concentration of Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS) 10 gVSS/L. One of the aims of this research was to check the availability of these substrates to be the source of methane and hydrogen. Key lime wastes produced 32 times more methane than raw cabbage. However, hydrogen production from cabbage was 149 times higher than key lime. The percentage of methane production in cabbage was up to 81% and in key lime was up to 75%. This research showed from the substrates comparison that efficient hydrogen production is less dependent on low pKa, pH than on total solids of the substrates.

scholarly journals A shift from anaerobic digestion to dark fermentation in glycol ethylene fermentation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaweł Sołowski ◽  
Tadeusz Ziminski ◽  
Adam Cenian
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Dark Fermentation ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Optimal Ratio

AbstractAnaerobic digestion of aqueous glycol ethylene was tested. The process lasted two cycles of 7 days, but after the second cycle, high hydrogen production occurred shift to dark fermentation. The biogas production lasted 14 days, obtaining peak values of hydrogen, and then rapidly stopped. In investigations, the following were checked: dependence of hydrogen, methane and hydrogen sulphide in the process. Mixtures of water with glycol ethylene mass ratio from 0.6 to 0.85 were substrates in experiments. The highest methane production was for water ethylene 0.7 ratio 2.85 L of methane with a yield of 178 mL of methane/g VSS (volatile suspended solids) of glycol ethylene. The optimal ratio of water and glycol ethylene was 0.85 25.5 mL of hydrogen (giving yield 1.71 mL of hydrogen/g VSS of glycol ethylene) and 1.71 mL of hydrogen sulphide emission for a 0.6 ratio. Popular polymer industry wastes, glycol ethylene, can be utilised by anaerobic digestion.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion of Chicken Manure with Algal Digestate

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Duan ◽  
Xia Ran ◽  
Ruirui Li ◽  
Panagiotis Kougias ◽  
Yuanhui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Kinetics Parameters ◽  
Total Ammonia

Dilution is considered to be a fast and easily applicable pretreatment for anaerobic digestion (AD) of chicken manure (CM), however, dilution with fresh water is uneconomical because of the water consumption. The present investigation was targeted at evaluating the feasibility and process performance of AD of CM diluted with algal digestate water (AW) for methane production to replace tap water (TW). Moreover, the kinetics parameters and mass flow of the AD process were also comparatively analyzed. The highest methane production of diluted CM (104.39 mL/g volatile solid (VS)) was achieved with AW under a substrate concentration of 8% total solid (TS). The result was markedly higher in comparison with the group with TW (79.54–93.82 mL/gVS). Apart from the methane production, considering its energy and resource saving, nearly 20% of TW replaced by AW, it was promising substitution to use AW for TW to dilute CM. However, the process was susceptible to substrate concentration, inoculum, as well as total ammonia and free ammonia concentration.

Contribution of H2 during the Two-Phase Anaerobic Digestion

2014 ◽  
Vol 908 ◽  
pp. 235-238
Author(s):  
Fang Yin ◽  
Wu Di Zhang ◽  
Ling Xu ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Hong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Technological Support

In the process of anaerobic digestion for methane production, one-third of which is from hydrogen, another two-thirds from acetic acid. From the point of material and energy recovery, the energy conversion efficiency of alone hydrogen or methane production is less than co-generation of hydrogen and methane production. Because hydrogen production is also accompanied by acidification and syntrophic acetogenic fermentation process, it is technically feasible for alone hydrogen or methane production. As the two-phase anaerobic digestion separate the acidifying bacteria and methanogens in different reactors, blocking the synergy of the two different microbial community, we should provide scientific and technological support for two-phase anaerobic application.

scholarly journals Two-Phase Anaerobic Digestion of Municipal Organic Solid Wastes

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-218
Author(s):  
R. Rodríguez-Pimentel ◽  
F. Ramírez-Vives ◽  
A. De Jesús-Rojas ◽  
F. J. Martínez-Valdez ◽  
S. Rodríguez-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Two Stages

Two stages anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (OFMSW) is proposed using a batch anaerobic trickling bed (BATB) reactor in the first hydrolysis and acidogenesis stage. At total solids loading of 135 g/L and reaction times around 30 days, total solids (ηTS) and chemical oxygen demand (ηCOD) removal efficiencies above 46% were obtained independently of pH (between 4.1 and 6.4). Dependent on pH were methane production, four times more at pH 6.4 than at 4.8 and four times more volatile fatty acids (VFA) production at 6.4 than at 4.1 and twice than at 4.8. Leachates generated in the BATB reactor were diluted with municipal wastewater and fed to an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor at volumetric organic loading rates from 11 to 28 g/L.d where 90% COD removal efficiencies (ηCOD) and 11.4 g CODCH4./L.d were obtained. Two stages anaerobic digestion results in high rates of solids removal and methane production (0.63 kWhr/kg TS fed).

scholarly journals Mathematical models of anaerobic digestion for the treatment of swine effluents

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-179
Author(s):  
Daisa Stéfano Fagundes ◽  
Marco Antonio Previdelli Orrico Junior ◽  
Ana Carolina Amorim Orrico ◽  
Leonardo Oliveira Seno
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Solid Fraction ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Multivariate Models ◽  
High Confidence ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Volatile Solids

ABSTRACT Pig breeding results in the production of large amounts of waste, which can cause serious environmental problems, when handled incorrectly. This study aimed at testing mathematical models to estimate the parameters of anaerobic biodigestion in biodigesters as a function of the composition of swine effluents with and without separation of the solid fraction and hydraulic retention times (HRT). Semi-continuous biodigesters fed with swine effluents with and without separation of the solid fraction and managed for 15, 22, 29 and 36 days of hydraulic retention were used. The potential of biogas and methane production, as well as the reduction of total solids, volatile solids and chemical oxygen demand, were assessed as a function of the effluents composition. HRT was the variable that most influenced the variation of the models, followed by the contents of total and volatile solids. Uni and multivariate models presented high confidence indices, being classified as “great” at predicting the potentials of biogas and methane production and “good” at predicting the reductions of total solids, volatile solids and chemical oxygen demand. The models obtained in this study can be used to reliably predict the parameters of the anaerobic biodigestion process of swine effluents in semi-continuous tubular biodigesters.

scholarly journals Διεργασίες ενεργειακής αξιοποίησης γλυκερόλης με παραγωγή βιοαερίου, βιοϋδρογόνου ή/και ηλεκτρικού ρεύματος με μικροβιακή κυψελίδα καυσίμου

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Θεόφιλος Βλάσσης
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Methane Production Rate

This study focused on the valorization of glycerol which is an important by-product of the biodiesel industry corresponding to 10 % of the produced biodiesel amount. This fact contributed to the increase of the global production of biodiesel, to a point at which the industries which traditionally consumed glycerol could not absorb. This situation should be overcome through new outlets on glycerol exploitation. Usually, glycerol is treated by chemical processes in order to form new chemical compounds.On the other side, biochemical processes like anaerobic digestion and fermentation or the technology of microbial fuel cells could potentially transform glycerol into methane, hydrogen and electric current respectively. These processes, which are the subject of this Ph.D, are preferable to their chemical counterparts due to the low energy demand and reduced environmental pollution.The anaerobic digestion process was conducted in a conventional CSTR reactor and in a high rate reactor, the PABR. The experiments dealt with the effect of glycerol concentration on the methane production rate. The obtained results showed that the CSTR could not withstand organic loadings above 0.25 g COD/L/d, however PABR operated at organic loading 10 times higher than CSTR such as 3 g COD/L/d and resulted to a methane production rate of 0.982 ± 0.089 L/L/d. A model was developed for both the CSTR and the PABR digesters. Fermentative hydrogen production was conducted successfully in batch reactors. The effect of the initial glycerol concentration and initial pH on hydrogen production was studied. A maximum yield, 27.3 mL H2/ g COD glycerol, was obtained when glycerol concentration was 8.3 g COD/L and the pH 6.5. Moreover, the fermentation of glycerol took place in a CSTR in order to investigate the continuous production of hydrogen. Hydrogen production was unstable, possibly due to the washout of proper biomass from the reactor.For electricity generation from glycerol, an H-type microbial fuel cell was used in batch mode. The effect of the initial glycerol on the electric current was studied. A maximum Coulombic efficiency (CE) 34.09% was obtained at a glycerol concentration of 3.2 g COD/L. A further increase of glycerol drove to a drop of the CE. Probably, this happened since the electrochemical microorganisms were inhibited by the high glycerol concentration.

scholarly journals Use of extracellular polymer substances as additives for improving biogas yield and digestion performance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitong Ma ◽  
Chen Yan Guo ◽  
Ming Wu ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Zhiwei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Anaerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Conductive Materials ◽  
Secondary Pollution ◽  
Extracellular Polymer

AbstractTo understand how extracellular polymer substances (EPS) as additives promotes methanogenesis, batch tests of methane production potential in anaerobic reactors with the addition of EPS or not were conducted. Research showed that EPS increased remarkably methane production during anaerobic digestion (36.5% increase compared with the control). EPS enriched functional microorganisms such as Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Synergistetes, and Chloroflexi. Among them, 8.86% OTUs from the important hydrolysis and acidification phyla, which may be an important reason for the enhanced methanogenic capacity of anaerobic granular sludge. Additionally, EPS also improved the abundance of cytochrome c (c-Cyts), accelerating the direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) between syntrophic bacteria and methanogens, thus enhancing the methane production. Interestingly, the average particle size, volatile suspended solids/total suspended solids (VSS/TSS) and EPS content of anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS) in the EPS reactor were approximately equal to that of the control reactor during the anaerobic digestion, illustrating that EPS could not affect the physicochemical properties of AnGS. Therefore, these results suggested that EPS mainly played a role in the form of conductive materials in the anaerobic digestion process. Compared with conductive materials, EPS as biomass conductive materials was not only environmentally friendly and economical but also no secondary pollution.ImportanceCompared with the reported conductive materials, EPS has the potential of biodegradation, electron transfer and no significant secondary pollution. Besides, there are few studies on the utilization of EPS resources, especially the effect of EPS as an additive on anaerobic digestion performance. To clarify whether EPS as conductive materials or carbon source promotes methanogenesis. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the influence of EPS as an additive on the methanogenic capacity, physical-chemical properties, microbial community structure and metabolic function of anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS), and preliminarily expatiate the influence mechanism of EPS as an additive on methanogenesis. At the meantime, the research is expected to provide new solutions for the improvement of anaerobic digestion performance and disposal of waste mud.

Methane Production in Batch Anaerobic Digestion of Livestock Manures with Different Substrate Concentrations

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.38) ◽  
pp. 1380
Author(s):  
Supawadee Yodthongdee ◽  
Panomchai Weerayutsil ◽  
Kulyakorn Khuanmar
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
The Individual

This research aimed to evaluate the biochemical methane potential (BMP) of three livestock manures including swine manure (SM), chicken manure (CM), and dairy manure (DM) under the same conditions in batch anaerobic digestion (AD) including inoculum to substrate ratio, temperature, digestion time, concentration of total solids in the system, and reactor size.  The experiments were performed on individual manure, 2-manure mixture, and 3-manure mixture.  For the individual manure experiments, BMP of SM, CM, and DM were 326.97, 306.60, and 105.30 mL/gVSadded; and volatile solids (VS) removal values were 66.31, 62.47, and 52.02%, respectively. In the 2-manure mixture; SM: DM, SM: CM, and CM: DM ratios of 90:10%TS, the BMP were 278.15, 264.47, and 252.80 mL/gVSadded, respectively. In the 3-manure mixture, the maximum BMP was 200.82 mL/gVSadded under the SM: CM: DM combination of 74:20:6%TS. The conditions of the 3 experiments were similar: the total solids concentration at 20% of working volume and the temperature of 37°C. It could be concluded that each manure i.e., SM, CM, and DM could be used as raw material for methane production by anaerobic digestion. SM generated the highest BMP, followed by CM and DM, respectively.  However, DM should not be used as raw material alone, except combining it with SM or CM for better methane production.     

High-rate anaerobic hydrolysis and acidogenesis of sewage sludge in a modified upflow reactor

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-Q. Yu ◽  
X.-J. Zheng ◽  
Z.-H. Hu ◽  
G.-W. Gu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
High Rate

Continuous experiments were conducted to study the hydrolysis and acidogenesis of sewage sludge in an upflow reactor with an agitator and a gas-liquid-solid separator. Results of this study showed that 34-78% of volatile suspended solids (VSS) in sewage sludge was hydrolyzed at pH in the range 4.0-6.5, 35°C and 4-24 hours of hydraulic retention time (HRT). About 31-65% of carbohydrate in sewage sludge, 20-45% of protein and 14-24% of lipid were acidified in this reactor. Hydrogen production was favored in lower pH and HRT, whereas methane production was encouraged at higher pH and HRT. Acetate, propionate, butyrate, and i-butyrate were the main aqueous acidogenic products. The distribution of these compounds in the effluent was more sensitive to pH, but was less sensitive to HRT. The maximum specific COD solubilization rate and specific volatile fatty acids production rate were 126 mg-COD/g-VSS·d and 102 mg-VFA/g-VSS·d, respectively. Compared with a CSTR, this modified upflow reactor was shown to be a more promising biosystem for the hydrolysis and acidogenesis of sewage sludge.

scholarly journals Microbial Biogas Production From Pork Gelatine.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaweł Sołowski
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Dark Fermentation ◽  
Collagen Concentration ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Initial Process

Abstract Dark fermentation of collagen (gelatine) results are shown in this research. The concentrations of applied gelatine were of VSS (volatile suspended solids) from 10 g VSS/L to 30 g VSS/L. The initial process pH was 5.5, depending on concentration reached pH values from 7.5 to 7.8 after 55 days. Although inoculum was heat-shocked in the case of 30 g VSS/L of collagen the process was hydrogenotrophic anaerobic digestion. In collagen concentration below 30 g VSS/L, hydrogen production was dominant only in the first 5 days of experiments. Then there also changed from dark fermentation into hydrogenotrophic methane production. In the case of optimal biogas production was due to accumulative production for a concentration of collagen 20 g VSS/L: 147.2 mL of hydrogen and 57.23 L of methane. In the case of optimal biogas production was due to accumulative production for a concentration of collagen 20 g VSS/L: 147.2 mL of hydrogen and 57.23 L of methane. The optimal hydrogen and methane yields were for concentration 10 g VSS/L (7.65 mL H2 /g VSS, and 3.49 L CH4/ g VSS). In 10 g VSS/L was also the lowest accumulated emission of hydrogen sulphide (10.3 mL of H2S), while the lowest yield was for 30 g VSS/L (0.44 mL H2S /g VSS). After a lag time, the hydrogen production and hydrogen sulphide grew with a specific ratio depending on concentration. Collagen, a protein with known amounts of sulphur allowed determining the origin of hydrogen sulphide in biogas. The hydrogen sulphide emission and sulphur added analysis proved that hydrogen sulphide origins in biogas from bacteria remains more than from substrate.

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