scholarly journals Pengaruh Kadar Air terhadap Beberapa Sifat Fisik Biji Lada Putih

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Andi Muhammad Akram Mukhlis ◽  
Edy Hartulistiyoso ◽  
Yohanes Aris Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Average Height ◽  
True Density ◽  
The Third ◽  
Axial Dimension ◽  
Content Range

The physical properties of seed are required in designing an  apparatus for handling, separation, drying, storage, and processing. The physical properties of white pepper seeds were  determined as a function of moisture content in the range of  15,40 - 64,80 % dry basis (d.b.). The average height, length and width at a moisture content condition of 15,40 % (d.b.) were 4,11 ± 0,27 mm; 4,35 ± 0,34 mm and 4,35 ± 0,35 mm, respectively.  In the range of moisture content 15,40 - 64,80 % (d.b.), the  results of this study showed an increase linearly of the third axial  dimension, the average diameter, the roundness from 0,969 to 0,977, the volume from 39,50 to 67,34 mm3, the surface area  from 55,87 to 79,92mm2 and the thousand seed mass from  52,47 to 75,63 g. Bulk density and true density has a polynomial  correlation with changes in moisture content.The porosity  decreased from 45,01 % to 44,88 % with an increase in the  moisture content range of 15,40 - 64,80 % (d.b.). ABSTRAKSifat fisik biji-bijian diperlukan dalam merancang suatu peralatan  untuk penanganan, pemisahan, pengeringan, penyimpanan dan  pengolahannya. Sifat fisik biji lada putih ditentukan sebagai  fungsi kadar air pada rentang 15,40 - 64,80 % basis kering  (b.k.). Tinggi, panjang dan lebar rata-rata pada kondisi kadar air  15,40 % (b.k.) adalah 4,11 ± 0,27 mm; 4,35 ± 0,34 mm dan  4,35 ± 0,35 mm berturut-turut. Pada rentang kadar air 15,40 -  64,80 % b.k., hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan peningkatan  secara linear pada ketiga dimensi aksial, diameter rata-rata,  kebulatan dari 0,969 hingga 0,977, volume dari 39,50 hingga  67,34 mm3, luas permukaan dari 55,87 hingga 79,92 mm2 dan  massa seribu biji dari 52,47 hingga 75,63 g. Bulk density dan true density memiliki hubungan polinomial dengan perubahan kadar  air biji. Porositas menurun dari 45,01 % hingga 44,88 % dengan  peningkatan kadar air pada rentang 15,40 - 64,80 % (b.k.).

scholarly journals Some physical properties of lentil seeds affected by harvest time

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-271
Author(s):  
S. Gürsoy
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
True Density ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Seed Moisture

Abstract: The physical properties and the hardness of lentil seeds, which can also be affected by harvest times, are very important variables in the designing and adjustment of machineries used during harvest, handling and other processes. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of different harvest times on some physical and mechanical properties of lentil seeds. A field experiment was conducted at six harvest times including the harvesting at physiological maturity (H1) and 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days after physiological maturity (H2, H3, H4, H5 and H6, respectively). The variables determined were moisture content, diameter, thickness, sphericity, seed mass, bulk density, true density, porosity and hardness of lentil seeds. It was found that seed moisture content, seed dimensions, seed mass and bulk density decreased with delayed harvest time. However, sphericity, true density, porosity and hardness of lentil seeds increased with increased harvest time.

scholarly journals Determination of selected physical properties of Brachystegia eurycoma seeds

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Ndukwu
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Solid Density ◽  
Axial Dimension ◽  
Design And Construction

The research looked at some selected physical properties of <I>Brachystegia eurycoma</I>, such as axial dimension, roundness, sphericity, surface area, bulk density, solid density, porosity, and volume which are essential in the design and construction of the processing and handling equipments of <I>Brachystegia eurycoma</I>. All the above physical properties measured showed some deviations from the average values which is typical of agricultural biomaterials. Solid density showed the highest deviation of 4.04 g/mm<sup>3</sup> while the volume showed the least deviation of 0.01 mm<sup>3</sup> when compared to those of other physical properties. The angle of repose increased with the increase in the moisture content with a coefficient of determination of 0.98.

Moisture Dependent Selected Engineering Properties of Deenanath Seeds in Relation to Development of Processing Machinery

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (03) ◽  
pp. 250-261
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar Singh ◽  
Sheshrao Kautkar ◽  
P. K. Pathak ◽  
Bholuram Gurjar ◽  
Sunil Swami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
True Density ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Length Width

Propagation of grasses through seeds is important in view of vigour and germination. Various grasses as Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin., Cenchrus ciliaris L., Chrysopogan fulvus have lower vigour and germination, due to which they need specific operations as defluffing, separation of true seeds, cleaning and grading by specific machines. In designing a machine for a specific use, physical properties and their behaviour with moisture play an important role. A study was conducted to assess the effect of moisture content at five levels [6.88 - 19.23 %, (d.b.)] on selected physical properties of defluffed Deenanath grass seed. The length, width, thickness, arithmetic mean diameter, and geometric mean diameter of defluffed Deenanath seed increased from 2.30 mm to 2.56 mm, 0.71 mm to 0.96 mm, 0.47 mm to 0.63 mm, 1.16 mm to 1.38 mm, and 0.90 mm to 1.15 mm, respectively, with increase in moisture content 6.88 % to 19.23 %. Bulk density, true density, and porosity decreased from 652.16 kg.m-3 to 585.78 kg.m-3, 852.63 kg.m-3 to 792.71 kg.m-3, and 25.62 % to 24.97 %, respectively, with increase in moisture content from 6.88 % to 19.23 per cent. The aspect ratio, sphericity, surface area, volume, and thousand-seed mass of the seed were in the range of 30.91 - 37.51 %, 0.39 - 0.45, 2.58 - 3.23 mm2 , 3.71 - 4.97 mm3 , and 0.480 - 0.523 g, respectively. Linear relationships with correlation coefficients higher than 0.90 were observed for the physical properties over the experimental range of moisture content.

Effect of moisture content on physical properties of cashew nut of different varieties

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrikant Baslingappa Swami ◽  
N.J. Thakor A.M. Gawai
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
True Density ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Effect Of Moisture

<p>The physical properties, viz., geometric diameter, surface area, sphericity, volume, bulk density, true density and angle of repose was measured for  four  cashew varieties <em>viz</em>., <em>Vengurle 1, Vengurle 3, Vengurle 4</em>  and <em>Vengurle 7</em> at different moisture content (15 to 87% db). For <em>Vengurle</em> 1 as the moisture content increased, the physical properties i.e., geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 20.8 to 22.1 mm, 3485 to 4416 mm<sup>3</sup>, 1355 to 1540 mm<sup>2</sup>, 984 to 1030 kg m<sup>-3</sup> and 32 to 37˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 74.2 to 71.4 per cent and 490 to 418 kg m<sup>-3</sup> respectively. For <em>Vengurle 3</em> geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 27.2 to 28.6 mm, 7912 to 9169 mm<sup>3</sup>, 2320 to 2567 mm<sup>2</sup>, 1020 to 1048 kg m<sup>-3</sup> and 33 to 35.5˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 75.5 to 75.2 per cent and 531 to 470 kg m<sup>-3</sup> respectively. For <em>Vengurle 4</em> the geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 21.0 to 24.1mm, 3362 to 5113 mm<sup>3</sup>, 1391 to 1828 mm<sup>2</sup>, 970 to 1030 kg m<sup>-3</sup> and 32.5 to 38˚,  respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 65.8 to 66.8 per cent, 517 to 462 kg m<sup>-3</sup>, respectively. For <em>Vengurle 7</em> the geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 24.2 to 24.9 mm, 5102 to 5547 mm<sup>3</sup>, 1840 to 1941 mm<sup>2</sup>, 998 to 1045 kg m<sup>-3</sup> and 33 to 38˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 65.4 to 65.8 per cent, 518 to 438 kg m<sup>-3</sup>, respectively.</p>

scholarly journals Physical properties of safflower grains. Part I: Geometric and gravimetric characteristics

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 344-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elton A. S. Martins ◽  
André L. D. Goneli ◽  
Cesar P. Hartmann Filho ◽  
Munir Mauad ◽  
Valdiney C. Siqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
True Density ◽  
Geometrical Characteristics ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Air Circulation

ABSTRACT Safflower is an oil crop and its oil can be used for food and industrial purposes. However, there is little information about the physical properties of these grains, which is important for the planning and execution of post-harvest stages. Thus, this study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the effect of drying on the main physical properties of safflower grains. Safflower grains were harvested with an initial moisture content of approximately 0.445 decimal d.b. (dry basis) and subjected to drying in an oven with forced air circulation at 40 °C, until the grains reached a final moisture content of 0.073 ± 0.008 decimal d.b. During the drying, bulk density and true density, porosity, thousand-grain mass, circularity, sphericity, projected and surface area, and surface-volume ratio were measured. Based on these results, it is concluded that all gravimetric and geometrical characteristics of safflower grains were reduced due to the reduction of moisture content, except for the surface-volume ratio.

scholarly journals Physical properties of sunflower seeds during drying

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Thaís Adriana de Souza Smaniotto ◽  
Osvaldo Resende ◽  
Kelly Aparecida de Sousa ◽  
Rafael Cândido Campos ◽  
Denner Nogueira Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Terminal Velocity ◽  
True Density ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Intergranular Porosity ◽  
Air Ventilation

The aim of this work was to determine the effect that the moisture content has on the physical properties of sunflower seeds. The cultivar Olisun 3, with an initial moisture content of 34.1 (% wb), was used and then subjected to drying in an oven with forced air ventilation under three temperature conditions: 40, 60 and 80 °C. The reduction in the moisture content during drying was monitored by the gravimetric method until it reached a final moisture content of 8.0 ± 1.0 (% wb). The physical properties were analysed: the bulk density, true density, intergranular porosity and volumetric shrinkage of the mass and unit and terminal velocity. The reduction in the moisture content influenced the physical properties of sunflower seeds and caused a decrease in the intergranular porosity, bulk density and true density at all examined temperatures. The mass and volumetric contractions of the unit and reduction in shrinkage rates all increased with the drying of sunflower seeds at all studied temperatures. The terminal velocity increased as the moisture content of the grains increased, which was more evident at the drying temperature of 80 °C.

scholarly journals Studies on Evaluation and Determination of Physical and Functional Properties of Millets. (Ragi and Pearl Millet)

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
P A Pawase ◽  
A Shingote ◽  
U D Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
True Density ◽  
Sample Weight ◽  
Dimensional Properties ◽  
Significant Difference

The study determined the physical properties of finger millet (FM) (Eluesine coracana) grains and the functional properties of FM flour. Physical properties such as colour attributes, sample weight, bulk density, true density, porosity, surface area, sample volume, aspect ratio, sphericity, dimensional properties and moisture content of grain cultivars were determined. Water absorption capacity (WAC), bulk density (BD), dispersibility, viscosity and micro-structure of FM flours were also evaluated. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 23.0. Results showed that milky cream cultivar was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than other samples in sample weight, bulk density, true density, aspect ratio and sphericity. However, pearl millet, used as a control, was significantly different from FM flour on all dimensional properties. Moisture content of milky cream showed higher significant difference for both grains and flours as compared to brown and black grain/flours. Milky cream cultivar was significantly different in L , b , C , H values, WAC, BD and dispersibility for both FM grains and flours. Data showed that brown flour was significantly higher in viscosity than in milky and black flours. Microstructure results revealed that starch granules of raw FM flours had oval/spherical and smooth surface. The study is important for agricultural and food engineers, designers, scientists and processors in the design of equipment for FM grain processing. Results are likely to be useful in assessing the quality of grains used to fortify FM flour.

scholarly journals Development of a Millet Destoner for Small Scale Farmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aminu Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Terminal Velocity ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
True Density ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Processing Properties

Post-harvest processes of millet rely on labour-intensive manual operations in Nigeria while its produce is associated with contaminants. A manually-operated destoner was developed to increase grain value for commercial production and reduce drudgery. To construct the destoner sieves, physical properties of one thousand randomly selected grains were determined digital Vernier callipers. Millet grains to be destoned was fed through the upper portion of the destoner being operated through the crank handle while the pure grains were collected at the discharge outlet. Results obtained shows the geometric diameter of the grains increase progressively from 3.51-4.22mm as moisture content increases. A screen aperture of 3.5mm was constructed. Grains’ surface area, volume and sphericity increased from 22.67-34.82mm², 8.19-13.98mm³ and 0.691-0.776g respectively. Mass, true density and terminal velocity of 1000 seed increased from 13.56-43.84g, 1548.91-1689.87kg/m³ and 2.69-4.58m/s respectively. The bulk density of millet also increased as moisture content increases but decreased beyond 12.5% moisture level indicating that millet floats on  water and was transpoted with the aid of an auger. About 50kg of millet was poured into the destoner to occupy its  ⅓ capacity while the remaining ⅔ was filled with water. Destoner output was  at 95% efficiency.Key words: Destoner, Millet, Processing, Properties, Contaminants

scholarly journals Physical properties of cumin and caraway seeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Zare ◽  
A. Bakhshipour ◽  
G. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
True Density ◽  
Mean Width ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Constant Moisture Content

Abstract Physical properties of cumin and caraway seeds were measured and compared at constant moisture content of 7.5% w.b. The average thousand mass of grain, mean length, mean width, mean thickness, equivalent diameter, geometric mean diameter, surface area, volume, sphericity, aspect ratio, true density, bulk density and porosity were measured for cumin and caraway. There are significant differences (p<0.01) in most physical properties of cumin and caraway, except porosity and sphericity

scholarly journals Physical properties of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) grains during convective drying

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 793-798
Author(s):  
Wellytton D. Quequeto ◽  
Valdiney C. Siqueira ◽  
Vanderleia Schoeninger ◽  
Elton A. S. Martins ◽  
Eder P. Isquierdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Shrinkage Porosity ◽  
Volumetric Shrinkage ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
True Density ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Forced Air

ABSTRACT Buckwheat is a prominent crop in present-day agriculture due to its nutraceutical properties; however, information on this crop regarding the post-harvest process is scarce, as well as the characterization of its physical properties and such information is essential for the development and improvement of machinery used in post-harvest processes. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the volumetric shrinkage, porosity, bulk density and true density of buckwheat grains throughout the drying process, as well as to fit mathematical models to the experimental values of true and bulk volumetric shrinkages. Buckwheat grains of the cultivar IPR 91 - Baili with an initial moisture content of 0.250 (decimal, dry basis.) were used. The samples used to determine the physical properties were subjected to oven drying with forced air circulation stabilized at 40 ± 1 °C. The mass of the samples was periodically weighed, so that when the product reached predetermined values of moisture content, the samples were removed and their physical properties were determined. It is concluded that the reduction in moisture content during drying causes increase in bulk density, true density and porosity. The reduction of the moisture content influences bulk volumetric shrinkage and true volumetric shrinkage of the grains, causing reductions in their values of approximately 14.47 and 14.70%, respectively, and a linear model can represent both variables satisfactorily.

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