scholarly journals Wastewater Treatment for African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Culture by Using Anaerobic Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 462
Author(s):  
Darwin Darwin ◽  
Sarbaini Sarbaini ◽  
Satria Purwanto ◽  
Fatwa Dhiauddin ◽  
Muhammad Ilham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Continuous Reactor ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
High Conversion Rate ◽  
Set Up

This study aimed to set up an anaerobic treatment system for the treatment of wastewater derived from the farming of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus). In this current study, anaerobic treatment of wastewater derived from the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) aquaculture was conducted in semi-continuous reactor as well as batch reactor under mesophilic condition at 35 °C. The results revealed that the semi-continuous reactors generated higher biogas yield (69.27 mL/g VS) compared with batch reactor (22.81 mL/g VS). High conversion rate of anaerobic treatment process operated in semi-continuous reactor was also represented in higher percentage of COD removal (82.6%) compared with batch reactor which was only 62.76%. After conducting anaerobic treatment process on the wastewater derived from the catfish aquaculture, some parameters including total dissolved solids (TDS), Phosphorous (P), potassium (K) and electrical conductivity (Ec) increased in both batch and semi-continuous reactors. Batch reactors showed TS, VS and COD reduced from 0.23%, 42.88% and 1440 mg/L to 0.137 ± 0.024%, 22.78 ± 19.44% and 536.32 ± 11.27 mg/L, respectively. The results obtained from semi-continuous reactor revealed that TS, VS and COD reduced from 0.23%, 42.88% and 1440 mg/L to 0.219%, 24.353% and 250.61 mg/L, respectively. This study is highly significant for the environmental protection system.  

Sequencing batch reactor as a post-treatment of anaerobically treated dairy effluent

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Benítez ◽  
A. Ferrari ◽  
S. Gutierrez ◽  
R. Canetti ◽  
A. Cabezas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Reactor Operation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Stability

Wastewater from dairy industries, characterized by its high COD content and relative high COD/TKN ratio, requires post-treatment after anaerobic treatment to complete the removal of organic matter and nutrients. Due to its simplicity, robustness and low maintenance costs, sequencing batch reactors (SBR) result in an attractive system, especially in case of small dairy industries in order to comply with the emission standards. The goal of this work was to determine the operational parameters, optimize the performance, and study the stability of the microbial population of a SBR system for the post-treatment of an anaerobic pond effluent. High and stable removal of COD and TKN was achieved in the reactor, which can easily be set up in dairy industries. An active nitrifying population was selected during reactor operation and maintained relatively stable, while the heterotrophic (total and denitrifying) communities were more unstable and susceptible to changes in the operating conditions.

Anaerobic treatment of leachate using sequencing batch reactor and hybrid bed filter

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Timur ◽  
I. Özturk
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Solid Retention Time ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
Specific Loading

Landfill leachate taken from a young municipal landfill site (≈3.5 years old) containing high organic contaminants (Total Organic Carbon -TOC of about 5000 mg l−1) was treated in bench-scale Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactors (ASBR) and an Anaerobic Hybrid Bed Filter (AHBF) at mesophilic conditions. Twenty months of testing has been conducted at varied influent leachate concentration of 546–5770 mgTOC l−1, Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 10–1.5 days and Solid Retention Time (SRT) of 40–9 days in ASBR's, and influent leachate concentration of 1250–4490 mgTOC l−1 and HRT of 5.1–0.9 days in AHBF. ASBR achieved 73.9% TOC removal at maximum organic loading rate of 2.8 kgTOC m−3 d−1 at 1.5 days of HRT, and 65.3% at 0.561 kgTOC kgVSS−1 d−1 of maximum specific loading rate and 2 days of HRT. The AHBF maintained 81.4% TOC removal at 1.2 kgTOC m−3 d−1 of loading and 2.4 days of HRT. Methane conversion ratio averaged 0.742 m3CH4 kgTOC−1 removed at (STP).

scholarly journals Characteristics and Anaerobic Digestion of Fruits Wastes from Ubungo-Urafiki Market in Dar Es Salaam

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
Edwir N. Richard Aloyce ◽  
Aloyce W. Mayo ◽  
Richard J. Kimwaga
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Methanogenic Bacteria ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Continuous Reactor ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Fruit Waste ◽  
Fruit Wastes

Fruits are susceptible to mechanical damages during their transfer to the markets if they are not packed well in containers. Hence fruits wastes are generated in large quantities and because of their organic nature they decompose, which leads to environmental problems. The objective of this research was to quantify and characterize the fruits wastes generated from the Ubungo Urafiki Market in Ubungo Municipality and to establish the potential treatment of these wastes by anaerobic digestion. The data were collected in the field to establish the characteristics quantity of wastes generated in order to determine the potential degradation of fruit wastes using anaerobic digestion process. The market receives seven main kinds of fruits including pineapples, mangoes, water melons, avocados, oranges; paw paws and ripe bananas, which generate about 4.85 tons of fruit wastes per day. The leading fruits with higher percentage of wastes were water melons and oranges, which generated about 800 kg/day and 797 kg/day, respectively. The results of batch plants experiments showed that the reactor with fruit waste-cattle manure-wood ash mixtures had a maximum biogas yield of 34.2 liters while the reactor with fruit wastes-mixtures had lowest biogas yields of 0.1 liters. The reactor with fruit waste- wood ash mixtures had high volatile solid and total solid removal efficiencies of 8.0% and 14.3%, respectively. For the maximization of biogas production wood ash was recommended in order to raise the pH value of the fruit wastes. The batch reactor used in this study was limiting pH control and therefore activities of methanogenic bacteria. It is recommended to adopt a semi continuous or continuous reactor in order to limit excessive production of organic acids, which are responsible for inhibition of biogas production.

Comparison of Biocenoses from Continuous and Sequencing Batch Reactors

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wanner
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Continuous Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Filamentous Microorganisms

Sequencing batch reactors (SBR) are often used for research on nutrient removal systems. A model anaerobic-oxic SBR was compared with a compartmentalized continuous-flow system. The levels of COD, phosphorus, and nitrogen removal in both systems were comparable but the biocenoses differed significantly. The SVI values of activated sludge from the continuous reactor ranged between 100 and 200 ml/g although no significant occurrence of filamentous microorganisms was observed. The sequencing batch reactor produced activated sludge with the SVIs below 100 ml/g and with high settling velocities. Filamentous microorganisms were frequently observed in the biocenosis of the SBR. The differences in settling properties and filamentous growth in both reactors are discussed and explained.

scholarly journals Anaerobic-aerobic treatment of swine wastewater in uasb and batch reactors in series

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estevão Urbinati ◽  
Roberto Alves de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Uasb Reactors

In this work it was evaluated the performance of two systems of swine wastewater treatment consisting of two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors, with and without post-treatment in sequencing batch reactor (SBR), fed continuously, with aerobic phase. The UASB reactors in the first stage had 908 L in the sets I and II, and in the second stage 350 and 188 L, respectively. In the set II the post-treatment was performed in a SBR of 3,000 L. The hydraulic detention times in the anaerobic treatment systems were 100, 75 and 58 h in the set I; 87, 65 and 51 h in the set II; and 240 and 180 h in the SBR. The volumetric organic load applied in the first stage UASB reactors ranged from 6.9 to 12.6 g total COD (L d)-1 in the set I and 7.5 to 9.8 g total COD (L d)-1 in the set II. The average removal efficiencies of total COD, total phosphorus (Ptotal), and Kjeldahl and organic nitrogen (KN and Norg) in the anaerobic treatment systems were similar and reached maximum values of 97%, 64%, 68%, and 98%. In the SBR, the removal efficiencies of total COD and thermotolerant coliforms were up to 62 and 92% resulting, respectively, in effluent concentrations of 135 mg L-1 and 2x10(4)MPN (100 mL)-1. For Ptotal, total nitrogen (TN) and Norg, the average removal efficiencies in the SBR were up to 58, 25 and 73%, respectively.

scholarly journals Toxicological Impact of Leachates from Lemna Refuse Dump Site on African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1882) Fingerlings Under Laboratory Condition

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-37
Author(s):  
Udeme Uyom Udofia ◽  
Finian Tobias Okoro ◽  
Akaninyene Paul Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Control Group ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Dump Site ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Set Up

Aim: The study investigated the toxicological effects of Calabar municipal dumpsite leachate on the fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus. Experimental Design: The study was set-up in a 6 × 2 Complete Randomized Block Design. Methodology: During the studt 120 C. gariepinus fingerlings were used. Each group was made up of 10 fingerlings. The fingerlings were exposed to 0% (control group), 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% and 35% of leachate in duplicate. Histopathology was also carried-out on the gills and liver of the fingerlings of each exposure group. Results: The temperature, pH, conductivity, and BOD increased with increasing leachate concentration, while the DO decreased with concentration. 5.17 ± 0.66 cm and 1.09 ± 0.40 g mean length and weight respectively of fingerlings were determined. Mortality depended on concentration. The 96 hours LC50 value with 95% confidence limit of C. gariepinus fingerlings exposed to leachate was 22.5% ± 0.89, and was significant with a determination coefficient (r2) of 0.93 at P<0.05. Leachates altered the orientation of gills and liver of the fingerlings. Conclusion and Recommendations: The low LC50 value of fingerlings exposed to different concentrations of leachate indicates a high toxicity of the leachate and altered the gills and liver of fingerlings. To this end, we recommended dumpsites are sited at a distance far from water bodies and areas inhabited by human, to mitigate the leeching of leachate into nearby aquatic systems. Law against indiscriminate discharge of waste into drainage channels and any aquatic system should be enforced by Government, to prevent mortality of biological organisms, extinction of species, contamination of organisms in nearby aquatic systems, changes in the physical properties, and health risk to humans that depends on resources from these aquatic systems for food.

Biodegradation of 2-chlorophenol (2CP) in an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR)

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 1721-1728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizeth Beristain-Montiel ◽  
Jorge Gómez ◽  
Oscar Monroy ◽  
Flor de Maria Cuervo-López ◽  
Florina Ramírez-Vives
Keyword(s):  
Electron Donor ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Specific Consumption ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Consumption Efficiency

The aim of this study is to contribute to the knowledge about anaerobic digestion of 2-chlorophenol (2CP) in an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR). Two reactors were set up (ASBRA and ASBRB). The ASBRA was fed with 2-chlorophenol (28–196 mg 2CP-C/L) and no other exogenous electron donor. The ASBRB was fed with a mixture of 2CP (28–196 mg 2CP-C/L) and phenol (28–196 mg phenol-C/L) as an electron donor. The process evaluation was conducted by three means: first by substrate consumption efficiency (E2CP), second, by biogas yield (Ybiogas-C/2CP-C) and third, by the specific consumption rates (q2CP) as response variables. The 2CP consumption efficiency (90 ± 0.4%) was not influenced by the increase in the concentrations tested. In both reactors ASBRA and ASBRB, both concentration as well as speed increased. Concentration increased from 28 to 114 mg 2CP-C/L. The specific consumption rate (q2CP) values were fivefold higher. However, a decrease of 37% was observed at 140 mg 2CP-C/L and one of 72% at 196 mg 2CP-C/L. The biogas yields (0.80 ± 0.06) remained stable in both reactors. In both reactors the biogas yield decreased to 78 ± 3% at 196 mg 2CP-C/L. We might assume this decrease was due to the accumulation of VFA. Finally, poor sludge settleability was determined only in the SBRB reactor at 140 and 196 mg 2CP-C/L. An increase was observed in both SVI ≤ 140 ± 5 mL/g and over exopolymeric protein ≤120 mg EP/L.

scholarly journals Biogas Production from Co-digestion of Cotton Yarn Waste and Human Urine

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Maurice Twizerimana ◽  
Milton Marimi ◽  
Xumay Bura ◽  
Eric Oyondi Nganyi
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Cotton Yarn ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Optimal Efficiency ◽  
Set Up

Aim: To investigate the feasibility of producing biogas from anaerobic co-digestion of cotton yarn wastes (CY) and human urine (HU) using fresh cow dung as the inoculum. Study Design: Anaerobic co-digestion of CY waste and HU and CY waste alone were done using batch reactors. Place and Duration of Study: CY were collected from Rivatex Eastern Africa Limited, Eldoret, Kenya while fresh cow manure used as inoculum was collected from a farm at Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya. Human urine sample was collected in a clean sterile container at Moi University hostel, Eldoret, Kenya. The experimental set up and analyses were performed at Chemical and Process Engineering Laboratory, Moi University, Kenya between January 2020 and May 2020. Methodology: CY, HU and fresh cow dung were subjected to physicochemical analysis. Batch anaerobic co-digestion of CY and HU, and CY alone were carried out under ambient temperature (25 ± 3 ) conditions for 95 days and 37 days, respectively. Results: The CY contained 90.46% total solids, 77.12% volatile solids and 9.54% moisture content while the corresponding values for HU were 2.9%, 58.5% and 97.1%, respectively. CY had a high carbon to nitrogen ratio. The biogas yield from anaerobic co-digestion was 35.6% more than digestion of CY alone. The highest daily biogas production for co-digestion and digestion of CY alone were 330 mL and 386 mL on day 12 and 21, respectively. The total biogas yield when CY co-digested for 95 days was 10,125 mL which decreased to 6,519 mL without co-digestion after 37 days. Conclusion: Our results showed that co-digestion produced more biogas than digestion of CY alone. Conclusively, the presence of HU during anaerobic digestion of CY enhanced the biogas production by more than 35.6% demonstrating that HU could be an effective waste for co-digestion of solid wastes such as CY. Further research should focus on monitoring parameters like temperature, buffering capacity and fatty acid levels to ensure optimal efficiency and maximum biogas yield.

Laboratory studies on enhancement of granulation in the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall A. Wirtz ◽  
Richard R. Dague
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Cationic Polymer ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Polymer Addition ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Time Required

The phenomenon of granulation was studied in anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (ASBRs) treating a synthetic sucrose wastewater. The objective was to study methods of minimizing the time typically required for start-up of high rate anaerobic processes, such as the ASBR, when utilizing biomass from typical anaerobic digesters. More specifically, the goal was to develop granular biomass soon after initial start-up of the ASBR in order to decrease the overall time required to achieve high rate anaerobic treatment. Laboratory-scale ASBRs were seeded with anaerobically digested municipal biosolids and operated until granulation was observed. Granule development was measured by determination of the average particle diameter of a representative sample of biosolids from the ASBRs. Cationic polymer was added to the test ASBR to enhance rapid granule development and to aid in start-up. Cationic polymer addition reduced the time required to form granules by approximately 75 % compared to an un-enhanced control ASBR.

scholarly journals FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE REMOVAL OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHOROUS FROM PIGGERY WASTEWATER USING MICROALGAE –BACTERIA CONSORTIUM

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4C) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngo Van Chien
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Mixing Condition ◽  
Piggery Wastewater ◽  
Chlorella Sp

Currently, most piggery farms in Viet Nam use  biogas tank as a primary wastewater treatment system. However, even after the anaerobic treatment process, the concentration of nutrients was still high and exceeded the national effluent standard. If the wastewater was directly discharged into the water bodies, it was certainly hazardous to the environment and causes eutrophication. To remove the residual nutrients, several processes have been used, mostly chemical processes. The disadvantages of those chemical processes are high cost and the increase in amount of sludge. In this study, the biological method using microalgae-bacteria consortium was applied for the removal of nitrogen and phosphorous from wastewater from biogas treatment process. This study focused on factors which affect nitrogen and phosphorous removal efficiency in a batch reactor using microalgae-bacterial consortium. Studying on Chlorella sp A8. Activated sludge co-cultivation at different ratio (Chl/AS) gave good results in hydraulic retention time of 20 to 24 hours when C/N in wastewater was 4/1(m/m). In the fully mixing condition, DO range from 0.3 - 0.5 mg O2/L, the highest removal efficiencies of COD was 71 - 76 %;  NH4+-N was 40 - 47 %  and PO43--P was 64 - 77 % at Chl /As was 1.5:1, 2.5:1 and 1:1( g/g).

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