scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN FRAKSI KAYA ASAM LAURAT HASIL HIDROLISIS DARI ENDOSPERM KELAPA MENGGUNAKAN LIPASE ENDOGENEUS SEBAGAI PENGAWET SUSU KEDELAI KEMASAN (Utilization of High Lauric Fraction that Produced from Coconut Endosperm Using Lipase Endogenous as Preservation of Soybean Milk Packaging)

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Moh. Su'i ◽  
Enny Sumaryati ◽  
Dani Dwi Sucahyono
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Caprylic Acid ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Capric Acid ◽  
Caproic Acid ◽  
Coconut Milk ◽  
Soy Milk

Results of previous studies show that the high lauric fraction isolated from coconut endosperm is able to inhibit pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. This research aims to study the addition of high lauric fraction that hydrolysed of coconut endosperm of the storability of soy milk packaging. High lauric fraction isolated from coconut milk, then the fraction analized of the fatty acid composition with gas chromatography (GC) and then used as a preservative soy milk. The fraction is added to the soy milk with concentrations of 0, 10, 15 and 20%, then stored for 3 days. Every day is observed until soy milk damaged. The results showed that the fraction isolated from coconut milk contains 50.45% lauric acid, 17.52% myristic acid, 7.02% palmitic acid, 6.46% capric acid, 5.52% caprylic acid, 5.12% linoleic acid, 1.89% oleic acid, and 0.11% caproic acid. The addition of lauric acid-rich fraction of 20% were able to preserve soy milk for 2 days with a total microbe 1.00 x 104 cfu/ml, free fatty acids 0.12 m mol/ml, pH 5.05 and a balanced aroma 4 (nice).Keywords: Coconut, lauric acid, soy milk, storageABSTRAKHasil penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa fraksi kaya asam laurat hasil isolasi dari endosperm kelapa mampu menghambat bakteri patogen dan non patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari penambahan fraksi kaya asam laurat hasil hidrolisis dari endosperm kelapa terhadap daya simpan susu kedelai kemasan. Fraksi yang kaya asam laurat diisolasi dari santan kelapa kemudian fraksi tersebut diuji komposisi asam lemaknya menggunakan chromatografi gas (GC) dan selanjutnya digunakan sebagai bahan pengawet susu kedelai. Fraksi kaya asam laurat ditambahkan ke dalam susu kedelai dengan konsentrasi 0, 10, 15 dan 20%, kemudian disimpan selama 3 hari. Setiap hari dilakukan pengamatan hingga susu mengalami kerusakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fraksi hasil isolasi dari santan kelapa mengandung asam laurat 50,45%, asam miristat 17,52%, asam palmitat 7,02%, asam kaprat 6,46%, asam kaprilat 5,52%, asam linoleat 5,12%, asam oleat 1,89% dan asam kaproat 0,11%. Penambahan fraksi kaya asam laurat sebesar 20% mampu mengawetkan susu kedelai selama 2 hari dengan total mikroba 1,00 x 104 cfu/ml, asam lemak bebas 0,12 m mol/ml, pH 5,05 dan skor aroma 4 (menyukai).Kata kunci: Kelapa, asam laurat, susu kedelai, penyimpanan

scholarly journals Possibility of oil seeds in feeding dairy cows

2014 ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Ágnes Süli ◽  
Béla Béri ◽  
János Csapó ◽  
Éva Vargáné Visi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Myristic Acid ◽  
Caprylic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Capric Acid

The efforts to modify the fatty acid composition of milk have intensified with health conscious nutrition coming to the forefront.This experiment of ours was designed to investigate to what extent the natural-based feed additives, such as oilseeds, can influence the fatty acid composition of cow’s milk.Further information was gained about feeding of oilseeds in specific amounts to be fitted into the technology of a large-scale dairy farm in practice. The feed supplements were whole, untreated rapeseed and whole, untreated linseed, as part of a total mixed ration. In case of saturated fatty acids when supplementing with whole rapeseed the most significant change was observable in the concentration of the caprylic acid, capric acid, undecylic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, stearic acid. In case of unsaturated fatty acids the quantity of oleic acid enhanced considerably. When observating the feeding with whole linseed the concentration of many saturated fatty acids lowered (caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid). The quantity of some unsaturated fatty acids was showing a distinct rise after feeding with linseed, this way the oleic acid, α-linolenic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, eicosadienoic acid. The aim of the study was to produce food which meets the changed demands of customers, as well.

scholarly journals The fatty acid composition of sheep's milk of an autochthonous breed

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Amina Hrkovic-Porobija ◽  
Aida Hodzic ◽  
Mensur Vegara ◽  
Husein Ohran ◽  
Almira Softic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Caprylic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Capric Acid ◽  
Caproic Acid ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Summer Feeding

The study included a total of 127 sheep milk samples from two different areas (Livno and Travnik) in summer feeding period (July, August and September). Fatty acids in milk were determined by gas chromatography (GC). The animals were marked with the appropriate number of ear tags on the basis of which we always took samples from the same animals through different periods. Fatty acids in milk were determined by gas chromatography and the following fatty acids composition: butyric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, rumenic acid. The fatty acid content of sheep's milk in this study showed a tendency of variation, both within and between sampling areas, and characterized by its relatively high content of saturated fatty acid (SFA) during the period of harvest.

Lauric acid induce cell death in colon cancer cells mediated by the epidermal growth factor receptor downregulation: An in silico and in vitro study

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 753-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Sheela ◽  
A Narayanankutty ◽  
PA Nazeem ◽  
AC Raghavamenon ◽  
SR Muthangaparambil
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Caprylic Acid ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Capric Acid ◽  
Epidermal Growth

Coconut oil (CO) is enriched with medium chain saturated fatty acids like lauric acid (LA), capric acid and caprylic acid, which are known to have several health benefits. LA, the predominant fatty acid in CO, is reported to possess anticancer activity mediated through oxidative stress-induced apoptosis; however, there is no clear information on its cellular signalling mechanism. The present study screened the anticancer potential of various fatty acids present in CO (capric acid, caprylic acid and LA) using in silico tools such as CDOCKER in Accelrys Discovery Studio by targeting proteins like epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cyclin-dependent kinase and thymidine synthase (TS). The results were further confirmed using cell culture-based studies and quantitative PCR. Among the tested compounds, LA was found to be the most active and showed a higher affinity towards EGFR and TS. Corroborating with these results, LA-induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity towards HCT-15 (human colon cancer), HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma) and Raw 264.7 (murine macrophages) cells exhibiting morphological characteristics of apoptosis. Further, in HCT-15 cells exposed to LA (30 and 50 µg/mL), the expression of EGFR was found to be downregulated by 1.33- and 1.58-fold. The study thus concludes that the anticancer activity of LA may be partially mediated by the downregulation of EGFR signalling and consequent reduction in cell viability through apoptosis. Since EGFR signalling is crucial in cancer cell survival and is a prime target in drug development, the present study has pharmacological significance.

scholarly journals Influence of the maturation process on the sheep's milk of Camembert cheese fatty acid profile change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Voblikova ◽  
Anatoly Permyakov ◽  
Antonina Rostova ◽  
Galina Masyutina ◽  
Anastasia Eliseeva
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Myristic Acid ◽  
Maturation Period ◽  
Soft Cheese ◽  
Camembert Cheese

The aim of this research was to study the fatty acid composition of Camembert cheese fat phase. The object of the research was the sheep’s milk Camembert soft cheese. The Camembert soft cheese was made from sheep’s milk pasteurized at 63∘C for 30 minutes before production, using cultures Penicillium camemberti, Geotrichum candidum, as well as Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus cremoris, Lactococcus diacetylactis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. cremoris. The study of the cheese fatty acid composition during maturation was carried out using the gas chromatography method in accordance with the state industry standard of the Russian Federation 32915-2014 ”Milk and dairy products. The determination of fatty acid composition of the fat phase by gas chromatography”. The fatty acids profile in the process of cheese maturation changed significantly. There was an increase in the short chain fatty acids concentration: oil (C4:0) kapron (C6:0), capryl (C8:0). A change in the lauric acid content (C12: 0) and myristic acid (C14: 0) showed a similar trend but with less dynamics. On the 14th day of maturation, the concentration of lauric acid (C12:0) increased by 30%, myristic acid (C14:0) – by 13%. At the beginning of the maturation period, the C18:1n9t isomer consisted about 70% of the total fatty acid trans-isomers. During maturation, the concentration of C18:1n9t decreased by 98%. It was found that, regardless of the maturation period, fatty acids C10: 0, C14: 0, C16: 0, C18: 0, C18: 1 t11 and C18: 1c9 consisted about 73% of the total fatty acids. There was a decrease in the concentration of w-6-polyunsaturated fatty acids with a simultaneous increase in the concentration of w-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The results can serve as a basis for comparative analysis development tools and strategies aimed at improving the nutritional characteristics of sheep’s milk cheese.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Fisikokimia dan Identifikasi Komposisi Asam Lemak Minyak Testa Kelapa [Physicochemical Characteristics and Identification of Fatty Acid Composition Coconut Testa Oil]

Buletin Palma ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Ardi Kurniawan Makalalag ◽  
Anton Muis ◽  
Nicolas Tumbel
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Caprylic Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Capric Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl

<p>Testa is a byproduct of the coconut flour industrial processing process and has not been used optimally. Testa is the outer layer of coconut flesh which is brown. peeled with a thickness of about 2mm, dried, and taken the oil. The purpose of this study was to see the potential that can be processed from coconut testa by identifying the physical and chemical properties of testa oil and to determine the composition of its fatty acid content. The research was carried out in 2019 and carried out at the Manado Industrial Research and Standardization Center Laboratory. The results showed a water content value of 0.2148%; free fatty acids 2.02%; the peroxide number is 0.4107 Mek O2/Kg; iodine number 14.452 g iodine/100g; and the saponin number 258.46 mg KOH/g. The results of testing the fatty acid composition of testa oil using a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) tool were obtained, eight types of fatty acids consisting of medium-chain fatty acids and long-chain fatty acids, with the most dominant percentage being Lauric acid methyl ester (C12 - Lauric acid) of 41.59% which is a group of medium-chain fatty acids. Overall, the fatty acids obtained are Caprylic acid methyl ester (C8 - caprylic acid) 5.43%, Capric acid methyl ester (C10 - capric acid) 4.68%, Lauric acid methyl ester (C12 - lauric acid) 41, 59%, Myristic acid methyl ester (C14 - myristic acid) 18.87%, Palmitic acid methyl ester (C16 - palmitic acid) 11.87%, Linoleic acid methyl ester (C18 - linoleic acid) 1.67%, Oleic acid methyl ester (C18 - oleic acid) 11.88%, Stearic acid methyl ester (C20 - stearic acid) 4.01%. The results obtained show that coconut testa oil has the potential to be developed into functional food, cosmetic and pharmaceuticals products .</p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p>Testa adalah produk samping dari proses pengolahan industri tepung kelapa, dan belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Testa merupakan lapisan luar daging buah kelapa yang berwarna coklat. dikupas dengan ketebalan sekitar 2mm, dikeringkan dan dikeluarkan minyaknya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat potensi yang dapat diolah dari testa kelapa dengan cara mengidentifikasi sifat fisik dan kimia dari minyak testa dan untuk mengetahui komposisi kandungan asam lemaknya. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tahun 2019 dan dilakukan di Laboratorium Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Manado. Hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai kadar air 0,2148%; asam lemak bebas 2,02%; bilangan peroksida sebesar 0,4107 Mek O<sub>2</sub>/Kg; bilangan iod 14,452 g iod/100g; dan bilangan penyabunan 258,46 mg KOH/g. Hasil pengujian komposisi asam lemak minyak testa menggunakan alat <em>Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry</em> (<em>GCMS</em>) diperoleh, delapan jenis asam lemak penyusun yang terdiri dari asam lemak rantai medium dan asam lemak rantai Panjang, dengan persentase yang paling dominan adalah Lauric acid methyl ester (C12 – Asam laurat) sebesar 41,59% yang merupakan golongan dari asam lemak rantai medium. Secara keseluruhan asam lemak yang diperoleh adalah, Caprylic acid methyl ester (C8 – asam kaprilat) 5,43%, Capric acid methyl ester (C10 – asam kaprat) 4,68%, Lauric acid methyl ester (C12 – asam laurat) 41,59%, Myristic acid methil ester (C14 – asam miristat) 18,87%, Palmitic acid methyl ester (C16 – asam palmitat) 11,87%, Linoleic acid methyl ester (C18 – asam linoleat) 1,67%, Oleic acid methyl ester (C18 – asam oleat) 11,88%, Stearic acid methil ester (C20 – asam stearat) 4,01%. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan minyak testa kelapa memiliki potensi yang dapat dikembangkan menjadi produk pangan fungsional,  kosmetik, maupun farmasi.</p>

scholarly journals Lipid composition of the brains of she-goat and castrated goat consumed in Ekiti State, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
EI Adeyeye ◽  
AJ Adesina
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
The Other ◽  
A Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Value Range ◽  
Goat Brain

The levels of fatty acids, phospholipids and sterols were determined in the brains of she-goat and castrated goat found in Ekiti State, Nigeria by gas chromatography. Results showed that the crude fat levels were 9.98 and 10.2 % in the brains of she-goat and castrated goat respectively. The fatty acid composition of she-goat and castrated goat brain shows that the SFA was 40.6 and 42.7 %, MUFA was 37.1 and 38.7 % and PUFA was 20.9 and 22.3% respectively. The other parameters of she-goat and castrated goat brain were found: PUFA/SFA, 0.490 and 0.548; MUFA/SFA, 0.869 and 0.953; n-6/n-3, 0.775 and 11.7; LA/ALA, 0.876 and 28.0; AA/DGLA, 6.05 and 17.4; EPA/DHA, 1.00 and 5.89 and EPSI (PUFA/MUFA), 0.564 and 0.575 respectively. Phospholipids were present in she-goat and castrated goat with a value range of 2365 and 3047 mg/100g respectively. Among the sterols, only cholesterol was of any significant level with values of 1353 mg/100g (she-goat brain) and 1355 mg/100g (castrated goat brain). Linear correlation at ? = 0.05, df: n-1 showed that no significant difference exists between the crude fats, phospholipids and sterols except in the fatty acids parameters.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(2), 153-162, 2015

Regulation of ethanolamine and choline phosphatide biosynthesis in isolated rat intestinal villus cells

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 527-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. A. O'Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Phospholipid Synthesis ◽  
Intestinal Villus ◽  
Maximal Stimulation ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
Isolated Rat

The effects of ethanolamine, choline, and different fatty acids on phospholipid synthesis via the CDP-ester pathways were studied in isolated rat intestinal villus cells. The incorporation of [14C]glucose into phosphatidylethanolamine was stimulated severalfold by the addition of ethanolamine and long-chained unsaturated fatty acids, while the addition of lauric acid inhibited the incorporation of radioactivity into phosphatidylethanolamine. At concentrations of ethanolamine higher than 0.2 mM, phosphoethanolamine accumulated, but the concentration of CDP-ethanolamine and the incorporation of radioactivity into phosphatidylethanolamine did not increase further. The incorporation of [14C]glucose into phosphatidylcholine responded in a way similar to that of phosphatidylethanolamine, except that a 10-fold higher concentration of choline was required for maximal stimulation. CCC inhibited the incorporation of choline into phosphatidylcholine. In contrast with hepatocytes, villus cells did not form phosphatidylcholine via phospholipid N-methylation. The data indicate that, in intestinal villus cells, the cytidylyltransferase reactions are rate limiting in the synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine and probably also of phosphatidylcholine. The availability of diacylglycerol and its fatty acid composition may also significantly affect the rate of phospholipid synthesis.

The lipid composition of cashmere goat fleece

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Hillbrick ◽  
DJ Tucker ◽  
GC Smith
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cashmere Goat ◽  
Cashmere Goats ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

This study examined the differences in the chemical composition of the lipid extracted from the fleeces of intact and gonadectomized Australian cashmere goats (Capra hircus laniger). Lipid was extracted with either petroleum ether or chloroform/methanol, and analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A large number of buck specific fatty acids (29), which could be potential pheromones, were identified or tentatively identified. The fatty acid composition of buck fleece lipid is more complex than previously reported.

scholarly journals Analyse der Fettsäurenzusammensetzung des Rohfettes von Prüffutter für Schweine (Kurzmitteilung)

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-276
Author(s):  
S. Müller ◽  
W. Reichardt ◽  
H. Hartung ◽  
B. Eckert
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Paper Analysis

Abstract. Title of the paper: Analysis of the fatty acid composition of the raw fat from the feed of pigs which are examined to her performance (short communication) The raw fat of 14 examining feeds from 13 German performance testing centres for pigs was extracted 2001 and analysed for the fatty acid composition by means of gas chromatography. Besides a great variation of the raw fat content (s % = 42) was to state that with 14.4 g/kg feed on average the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was high. Examinations of the raw fat of wheat, rye and barley showed that the high proportions in linoleic and linolenic acid are brought in the fattening rations primarily by the cereal components. A limitation of the PUFA proportions below 15 g/kg feed therefore doesn't seem to be practicable in the examining feed of performance testing centres for pigs. The additional variation in the fatty acid composition of examining feeds caused by added fats or oils should however be limited according to a better standardization.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. and Clostridium perfringensto organic acids and monolaurin

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Skrivanova ◽  
M. Marounek ◽  
V. Benda ◽  
P. Brezina
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Caprylic Acid ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Medium Chain Fatty Acids

The antimicrobial activity of fatty acids, monolaurin, citric, succinic, fumaric, malic and lactic acid was determined in cultures of two strains of Escherichia coli, three strains of Salmonella sp. and two strains of Clostridium perfringens. Antimicrobial activity was expressed as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) that prevented growth and glucose utilization in treated cultures. Caprylic acid was the only acid inhibiting glucose utilization in all cultures. Its MIC varied from 1 to 3 mg/ml. Strains CCM 3954 and CCM 4225 of E. coli were inhibited also by capric acid at 5 mg/ml. Strains CCM 4435<sup>T </sup>and CNCTC 5459 of Cl. perfringens were inhibited by medium-chain fatty acids (C<sub>8</sub> to C<sub>14</sub>), oleic acid and one strain also by linoleic acid. The minimum MICs were those of lauric and myristic acid (between 0.1 and 0.2 mg/ml). Growth of Cl. perfringens, but not other bacteria, was inhibited also by monoglyceride of lauric acid (MIC = 3 mg/ml), and by citric acid (MIC = 4 mg/ml). Inhibitory effects of other acids were not observed at 5 mg/ml. Caprylic and lauric acid did not influence the K<sup>+ </sup>permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane in cells of E. coli CCM 4225 and Cl. perfringens CCM 4435<sup>T</sup>, respectively. In cultures of both strains of E. coli treated with caprylic acid at 5 mg/ml, and in those of Cl. perfringens CCM 4435<sup>T </sup>treated with lauric acid at 1 mg/ml, or with its monoglyceride at 5 mg/ml, the transmission electron microscopy revealed damage of cytoplasmatic structures. In cells of Cl. perfringens the separation of inner and outer membranes was apparent, the integrity of the outer membrane, however, was maintained. It can be concluded that medium-chain fatty acids are more efficient antimicrobials than other, more polar organic acids tested.

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