scholarly journals Penerapan Fuzzy TOPSIS dalam Penentuan Lokasi Kawasan Pengembangan Rantai Pasok Bioenergi Kelapa Sawit

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Petir Papilo ◽  
Taufik Djatna ◽  
Yandra Arkeman ◽  
Marimin Marimin
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fuzzy Topsis ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Ease Of Access ◽  
The One

This study aims to obtain the best location of the target area of agro-industrial development of bioenergy in the supply chain. Through a systems approach, using fuzzy TOPSIS, an analysis of various key criteria was conducted, including availability of raw materials, land conditions and prices, the ease of access to transportation, the distance to the city center, the availability of labor at the target location, availability of infrastructure – such as water and electricity, the use of the location and orientation of multiplier effect. Based on the results of the analysis that has been done, from the five areas being targeted for locations of bioenergy agro-industry development in the province of Riau, including Industrial Area Kuala Enok; Palm Oil Region in Rokan Hulu; Pelintung Dumai Industrial Area; Palm Oil Region in Bagan Batu Rokan Hilir and Teknopolitan Region in Pelalawan, the one that has been voted the best location is Pelintung Dumai Industrial Area. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh lokasi terbaik yang menjadi target kawasan pengembangan agroindustri bioenergi dalam satu mata rantai pasokan. Melalui pendekatan sistem, dengan menggunakan metode fuzzy TOPSIS, dilakukan analisis terhadap berbagai kriteria penting diantaranya ketersediaan bahan baku, kondisi lahan dan harga, kemudahan akses transportasi, jarak lokasi dengan pusat kota, ketersediaan tenaga kerja pada lokasi sasaran, ketersediaan infrastruktur seperti air dan listrik, orientasi pemanfaatan lokasi serta multiflier effect.  Berdasarakan hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan, dari lima target kawasan yang menjadi sasaran lokasi pengembangan agroindustri bioenergi di Provinsi Riau, diantaranya Kawasan Industri Kuala Enok, Kawasan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit di Rokan Hulu, Kawasan Industri Pelintung Dumai, Kawasan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit di Bagan Batu Rokan Hilir dan Kawasan Teknopolitan di Kabupaten Pelalawan, telah terpilih lokasi terbaik, yakni di Kawasan Industri Pelintung Dumai

Microplastic of polystyrene in soil and water: fluxes study from industrial site

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Kukharchyk ◽  
Vladimir Chernyuk
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Industrial Site ◽  
Temporary Stream ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene Foam ◽  
The One ◽  
Soil And Water

<p>In the paper the experience of investigation of polystyrene content in soil and its distribution from industrial enterprise, where expanded polystyrene foam insulation is produced more than 40 years, is presented. Polystyrene belongs to the one of the most widely produced and used polymer. Once being in the environment, this type of plastic breaks easily and crumbles, and is dispersed by wind and water. Moreover, the danger of environmental pollution by polystyrene may be very serious because of hexabromocyclododecane that can be present in polystyrene as flame retardant additive.  Unfortunately, the level of study of environmental pollution with polystyrene and his behavior in soil and water is very poor.</p><p>Methodological approaches of sampling and polystyrene identification are shown. Since the enterprise is located on the elevated area close (500-700 m) to a small river with temporary stream, the direct flow of pollutants into the floodplain is possible. Therefore, soil and technogenic deposits at industrial site as well as soil and groundwater within floodplain were collected for study.</p><p>In order to identify plastic in solid samples, multiple stages were applied including visual detection, drying, sieving (using mesh widths from 1 to 5 mm), flotation (with heating for the fractions with the size of 1-2 mm and less than 1 mm), and natural organic matter removal. Method of water filtration was used.</p><p>Polystyrene was revealed in all solid (12) and liquid (4) samples. High amounts of polystyrene particles with a size less than 5 mm were recorded in technogenic deposits (up to 16700 units/kg) and in soils (up to 1700 units/kg). Particles of microplastic (less than 1 mm) were detected not only in surface layer of soil (0-5 cm) but at the depth of 10-15 cm. Discharges of small granules (less than 1 mm) of raw materials (expanded polystyrene) into environment and its distribution with runoff away from its sources were revealed.</p><p>Necessity of further investigation of plastic and microplastic pollution in terrestrial ecosystems in impact zones, including estimates of plastic volume discharges from industrial area with waste, surface runoff and via runoff collector, in order to prevent aquatic ecosystem pollution is discussed.</p>

The Belt and Road Initiative and Sino-Russian economic cooperation: Is there one more chance for us?

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-71
Author(s):  
Petr M. Mozias
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Flexible Framework ◽  
The One ◽  
International Transactions ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Current Stage

China’s Belt and Road Initiative could be treated ambiguously. On the one hand, it is intended to transform the newly acquired economic potential of that country into its higher status in the world. China invites a lot of nations to build up gigantic transit corridors by joint efforts, and doing so it applies productively its capital and technologies. International transactions in RMB are also being expanded. But, on the other hand, the Belt and Road Initiative is also a necessity for China to cope with some evident problems of its current stage of development, such as industrial overcapacity, overdependence on imports of raw materials from a narrow circle of countries, and a subordinate status in global value chains. For Russia participation in the Belt and Road Initiative may be fruitful, since the very character of that project provides us with a space to manoeuvre. By now, Russian exports to China consist primarily of fuels and other commodities. More active industrial policy is needed to correct this situation . A flexible framework of the Belt and Road Initiative is more suitable for this objective to be achieved, rather than traditional forms of regional integration, such as a free trade zone.

Potential of Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch as Biogas Substrate

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Vincentius Vincentius ◽  
Evita H. Legowo ◽  
Irvan S. Kartawiria
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Wet Fermentation ◽  
Water Ratio

Natural gas is a source of energy that comes from the earth which is depleting every day, an alternative source of energy is needed and one of the sources comes from biogas. There is an abundance of empty fruit bunch (EFB) that comes from palm oil plantation that can become a substrate for biogas production. A methodology of fermentation based on Verein Deutscher Ingenieure was used to utilize EFB as a substrate to produce biogas using biogas sludge and wastewater sludge as inoculum in wet fermentation process under mesophilic condition. Another optimization was done by adding a different water ratio to the inoculum mixture. In 20 days, an average of 6gr from 150gr of total EFB used in each sample was consumed by the microbes. The best result from 20 days of experiment with both biogas sludge and wastewater sludge as inoculum were the one added with 150gr of water that produced 2910ml and 2185ml of gas respectively. The highest CH 4 produced achieved from biogas sludge and wastewater sludge with an addition of 150gr of water to the inoculum were 27% and 22% CH 4 respectively. This shows that biogas sludge is better in term of volume of gas that is produced and CH percentage.

PEMETAAN TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI KELAPA SAWIT NASIONAL DAN KEBIJAKAN PENGEMBANGANNYA

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subiyanto Subiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Missing Value ◽  
Technology Capability ◽  
The Government

Palm oil industry in Indonesia has been growing rapidly. But, unfortunately the growth is only effective on upstream industry with low value products, such that potential downstream value added are not explored proportionally. The government is therefore in the process of developing an appropriate policy to strengthen the national palm oil downstream industry. This paper proposes that an approriate policy for developing palm oil downstream industry could be derived from the maps of value chain and existing technology capability of the industry. The result recommends that government policy should emphasize on the supply of raw materials, infrastructure and utilities, as well as developing the missing value chain industry, especially ethoxylation and sulfonation.

UNIDO, Industrial Processing of Natural Resources. New York: United Nations. 1981. viii + 78pp.US $ 5.00. [United Nations Publication Sales No. E. 81. 11 . B.1]

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-333
Author(s):  
Rashid Aziz
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Manufactured Exports ◽  
Year 2000

The book under review is a concise but fairly in-depth study of the prospects for export diversification from the Less Developed Countries (henceforth labeled as LDCs) particularly to Developed Countries (henceforth labeled as OCs). Given the multiple problems faced by the LOCs in exporting to the OCs - protectionist policies with regards to manufactured exports, volatility of prices obtained for raw material exports, etc. - the study analyses the potential for following an intermediate route. The important issues in the export of semi -processed and wholly processed raw materials are discussed. 111ese issues range from the problems and potentials for the location of processing facilities in the LOCs to the formulation of appropriate policies to encourage an export of processed goods rather than raw materials. Such policies will be useful both in solving the balance of-payments problems of the LDCs and in attaining the goal of the Lima Declaration and Plan of Action on Industrial Development and Co-operation, that called for 2S percent of world industrial production to be located in the LOCs by the year 2000.

scholarly journals Tenebrio molitor in the circular economy: a novel approach for plastic valorisation and PHA biological recovery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Sangiorgio ◽  
Alessandra Verardi ◽  
Salvatore Dimatteo ◽  
Anna Spagnoletta ◽  
Stefania Moliterni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
World Population ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Biological Recovery ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The One

AbstractThe increase in the world population leads to rising demand and consumption of plastic raw materials; only a small percentage of plastics is recovered and recycled, increasing the quantity of waste released into the environment and losing its economic value. The plastics represent a great opportunity in the circular perspective of their reuse and recycling. Research is moving, on the one hand, to implement sustainable systems for plastic waste management and on the other to find new non-fossil-based plastics such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). In this review, we focus our attention on Tenebrio molitor (TM) as a valuable solution for plastic biodegradation and biological recovery of new biopolymers (e.g. PHA) from plastic-producing microorganisms, exploiting its highly diversified gut microbiota. TM’s use for plastic pollution management is controversial. However, TM microbiota is recognised as a source of plastic-degrading microorganisms. TM-based plastic degradation is improved by co-feeding with food loss and waste as a dietary energy source, thus valorising these low-value substrates in a circular economy perspective. TM as a bioreactor is a valid alternative to traditional PHA recovery systems with the advantage of obtaining, in addition to highly pure PHA, protein biomass and rearing waste from which to produce fertilisers, chitin/chitosan, biochar and biodiesel. Finally, we describe the critical aspects of these TM-based approaches, mainly related to TM mass production, eventual food safety problems, possible release of microplastics and lack of dedicated legislation.

scholarly journals Emergence of Polymeric Material Utilising Sustainable Radiation Curable Palm Oil-Based Products for Advanced Technology Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1865
Author(s):  
Rida Tajau ◽  
Rosiah Rohani ◽  
Mohd Sofian Alias ◽  
Nurul Huda Mudri ◽  
Khairul Azhar Abdul Halim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Radiation Processing ◽  
Radiation Mechanisms ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Technology Applications

In countries that are rich with oil palm, the use of palm oil to produce bio-based acrylates and polyol can be the most eminent raw materials used for developing new and advanced natural polymeric materials involving radiation technique, like coating resins, nanoparticles, scaffold, nanocomposites, and lithography for different branches of the industry. The presence of hydrocarbon chains, carbon double bonds, and ester bonds in palm oil allows it to open up the possibility of fine-tuning its unique structures in the development of novel materials. Cross-linking, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT), polymerization, grafting, and degradation are among the radiation mechanisms triggered by gamma, electron beam, ultraviolet, or laser irradiation sources. These radiation techniques are widely used in the development of polymeric materials because they are considered as the most versatile, inexpensive, easy, and effective methods. Therefore, this review summarized and emphasized on several recent studies that have reported on emerging radiation processing technologies for the production of radiation curable palm oil-based polymeric materials with a promising future in certain industries and biomedical applications. This review also discusses the rich potential of biopolymeric materials for advanced technology applications.

scholarly journals Multi-Scale Minero-Chemical Analysis of Biomass Ashes: A Key to Evaluating Their Dangers vs. Benefits

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6052
Author(s):  
Paola Comodi ◽  
Azzurra Zucchini ◽  
Umberto Susta ◽  
Costanza Cambi ◽  
Riccardo Vivani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Rietveld Analysis ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Amorphous Content ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Italian Law ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Mineralogical Study ◽  
The One

A multi-methodic analysis was performed on five samples of fly ashes coming from different biomasses. The aim of the study was to evaluate their possible re-use and their dangerousness to people and the environment. Optical granulometric analyses indicated that the average diameter of the studied fly ashes was around 20 µm, whereas only ~1 vol% had diameters lower that 2.5 µm. The chemical composition, investigated with electron probe microanalysis, indicated that all the samples had a composition in which Ca was prevalent, followed by Si and Al. Large contents of K and P were observed in some samples, whereas the amount of potentially toxic elements was always below the Italian law thresholds. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were completely absent in all the samples coming from combustion plants, whereas they were present in the fly ashes from the gasification center. Quantitative mineralogical content, determined by Rietveld analysis of X-ray powder diffraction data, indicated that all the samples had high amorphous content, likely enriched in Ca, and several K and P minerals, such as sylvite and apatite. The results obtained from the chemo-mineralogical study performed make it possible to point out that biomass fly ashes could be interesting materials (1) for amendments in clayey soils, as a substitution for lime, to stimulate pozzolanic reactions and improve their geotechnical properties, thus, on the one hand, avoiding the need to mine raw materials and, on the other hand, re-cycling waste; and (2) as agricultural fertilizers made by a new and ecological source of K and P.

Vegetable oil as a highly effective 100% bio-based alternative solvent for the one-pot multicomponent Biginelli reaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pakin Noppawan ◽  
Suwiwat Sangon ◽  
Nontipa Supanchaiyamat ◽  
Andrew J. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Biginelli Reaction ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
The One ◽  
Biginelli Reactions

Multicomponent one-pot Biginelli reactions have been successfully performed using vegetable oil as bio-based, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly solvents. Palm oil was demonstrated to be a highly effective greener solvent as...

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