scholarly journals Los impactos de la migración internacional en el campo nicaragüense. Las transformaciones de la organización productiva familiar

Revista Trace ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Delphine Prunier
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Rural Families ◽  
The United States ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Migration Internationale ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Organization Of Production ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
The Relationship

Este artículo resulta de una investigación llevada a cabo en una comunidad campesina del norte de Nicaragua (departamento de Estelí) en 2007. La investigación tiene como objetivo determinar los impactos de la migración internacional en las familias rurales de esta región de expulsión migratoria. Tomando en cuenta un espacio migratorio multipolarizado (Nicaragua, Costa Rica y los Estados Unidos), nos concentramos en los mecanismos de transformación de la organización productiva y de la economía familiar en el lugar de origen. Describimos las dinámicas migratorias en la zona y explicamos la relación entre estas trayectorias y las estructuras socioproductivas de las familias de los migrantes. La encuesta realizada con las familias que permanecen en la comunidad de origen nos permite dar cuenta de la manera en cómo se usan las remesas –principalmente en el marco de la explotación agrícola doméstica– para presentar finalmente un panorama de los escenarios que pueden darse alrededor de los recursos agrarios y migratorios en las familias rurales nicaragüenses. A lo largo del texto, insistimos en las características de las distintas trayectorias migratorias (según el país de destino, las temporalidades, distancias y posibilidades de circulación) y sus impactos diferenciados en cuanto a la organización productiva de las familias rurales implicadas en el fenómeno migratorio.Abstract: This paper is an investigation carried out in a rural community in northern Nicaragua (Estelí department) in 2007. The research aims to determine the impacts of international migration on rural families in this expulsive region. Taking into account a multi-polarized migration space (Nicaragua, Costa Rica and the United States), we focus on mechanisms that transform the organization of production and household economy in the place of origin. We describe the dynamics of migration in the area and explain the relationship between these different paths and socio-productive structures of the families of migrants. The survey conducted with families who remain in the community of origin allows us to account for the way how remittances are used more specifically in the context of domestic farm to finally give an overview of the scenarios that can arise around land and migration resources in Nicaraguan rural families. Throughout the text, we emphasize the characteristics of different migration routes (depending on country of destination, time frames, distances, the possibilities of circulation) and their different impacts in terms of productive organization of rural households involved in migration.Résumé : Cet article est le fruit d’une enquête menée dans une communauté rurale au nord du Nicaragua (département d’Estelí) en 2007. La recherche vise à déterminer les impacts de la migration internationale sur les familles rurales dans cette région d’expulsion migratoire. Tenant compte d’un espace migratoire multipolarisé (le Nicaragua, le Costa Rica et les États-Unis), nous nous concentrons sur les mécanismes de transformation de l’organisation de la production et de l’économie familiale dans le lieu d’origine. Nous décrivons la dynamique des migrations dans la région et expliquons la relation entre ces différentes trajectoires et les structures socio-productives des familles de migrants. L’enquête menée avec les familles qui restent dans la communauté d’origine nous permet de rendre compte de l’usage des transferts financiers de la migration –plus précisément dans le contexte de l’exploitation agricole familiale– pour finalement présenter un aperçu des scénarios qui peuvent se mettre en place autour des ressources agraires et migratoires dans les familles rurales nicaraguayennes. Tout au long du texte, nous insistons sur les caractéristiques des différentes trajectoires migratoires (selon le pays de destination, les temporalités, les distances, les possibilités de circulation) et leurs impacts différenciés en termes d’organisation productive des familles rurales impliquées dans migration.

Generations Apart

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 128-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kassahun Kebede
Keyword(s):  
Generational Differences ◽  
Transnational Migration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethiopian Immigrants ◽  
Accurate Picture ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Migration Experiences

This study of Ethiopian immigrants in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area suggests that the continued involvement of immigrants with their place of origin is significantly shaped by pre-immigration and migration experiences. From my historically informed ethnographic work as well as the analysis of my informants’ pre-migration class and political backgrounds and the reasons why they left Ethiopia since the 1960s, three generations emerge: the Royalists, the Revolutionaries, and the DVs (Diversity Visa immigrants). In this article I explore the multiple and often contradictory narratives and discourses that characterize these generations. I also explore the ways in which the heterogeneity between the generations is manifested in their way of experiencing the United States, in their relationship with the homeland, and in the inter-generational interactions that bind them to one another. I use this case study to argue that attending to pre-migration intra- as well as inter-generational differences in immigrants’ experiences and views of their home and receiving countries will yield a fuller and more accurate picture of transnational migration.

scholarly journals World School Life Versus Habitus: The breeding ground of an Educational Backward Mexico Migrant

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Teresa Yurén ◽  
Miriam De la Cruz ◽  
Alfonso Cruz ◽  
S. Stella Araújo-Oliveray ◽  
Marcos J. Estrada
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Junior High Schools ◽  
Breeding Ground ◽  
School Life ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
World School

In this article, three topics are interrelated: school desertion, poverty and migration. The situation in Mexico with respect to desertion and the relationship between this and several factors associated with poverty is presented. It is argued that scholastic desertion has an expanding effect which depends on the concurrence of two factors: disenchantment with schools and the "habitus" people adopt in cases of extreme poverty to assure their survival. In regard to the first of these factors, the normal course of schooling (the methods and the programs that are preferred in school) is critically analyzed and other indications that scholastic education is changing are examined. In regard to the second of these factors, the case of migrant Mexicans who go to the United States is examined. The results of a survey in Mexican junior high schools are reported and exploratory interviews were conducted with migrating Mexicans. The conclusions of other research carried out in Mexico dealing with scholastic desertion are also reconsidered.

Gendering the Politics of Migration

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Piper
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Disciplinary Boundaries ◽  
Gendered Patterns ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Gendered Migration ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scholarly Inquiry

Although every aspect of the migration process is shaped by political factors and migration presents many political challenges on the domestic and international levels, the attention of political scientists in the United States and Europe has been limited to relatively few topics, including control over entry and exit, and issues of incorporation and citizenship. Work that considers the political aspects of migration from a gender perspective constitutes an even smaller body of work. In considering the contribution that political science might make to our understanding of gendered migration, this essay points both to some pioneering studies of gendered patterns of migration and incorporation, and also to the growing concern with gender among international organizations and policy makers. Interestingly, the essay shows that it is scholars in neighboring disciplines who have more often have taken up questions of governance and the development of gender-fair policy towards migrants. The essay raises questions about the relationship between disciplinary boundaries and topical areas and also about the ways in which regional contexts shape the nature of scholarly inquiry by contrasting work on Asia with that in Europe and the United States.

scholarly journals An Event History Analysis of Latin American Migrant Coupleses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maite Michell Gómez-Gómez ◽  
Adriana Carolina Silva-Arias ◽  
Jaime Andrés Sarmiento-Espinel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Event History Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Event History ◽  
Reproductive Decisions ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Migration Event

The purpose of this paper was to study the association between migration and reproductive decisions in Mexico, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Colombia. An event history analysis was used to study the fertility and migration decisions made by a sample of couples from those countries. This study found a disruption in fertility before migrating. After the migration event and settlement, fertility increased to the same levels as the place of origin for migrants who stayed longer at their destination, particularly for those who migrated to the United States. Couples in which only the man migrated had a higher migratory prevalence. These men were young and had low human capital. Although the proportion of couples in which both members migrated was low, those couples stayed longer at their destination and their fertility disruption before migrating was highest.

scholarly journals Population Study of Canada Geese of Jackson Hole

1980 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Gary Radke ◽  
David Krementz ◽  
Kenneth Diem
Keyword(s):  
Human Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Canada Goose ◽  
Canada Geese ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Pacific Flyway ◽  
Jackson Hole ◽  
And Migration

Dimmick (1968) considered the 1964 Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) of Jackson Hole to be stabilized at approximately 300 birds, of which 40-47 percent were breeding pairs. Despite a near doubling of the Canada Goose populations in the United States between 1955 and 1974, the Pacific Flyway populations of Canada Geese appear to have declined 10 percent (Bellrose 1976). An evaluation of the significance and causes of that decline will require careful studies of the various individual populations of Canada Geese representing the Pacific Flyway. The current status of the Jackson Hole Canada Goose population is unknown, as is the nature of the impacts on that population by the dramatic local increase of the human population and the attendant land use and associated developments. Man-induced environmental factors, i.e., PCB and other toxicants, on the wintering grounds and migration routes exert additional unknown impacts.

scholarly journals Friendship and internal migration in Brazil: Vulnerability and coping

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (Supp1) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Agnaldo Garcia ◽  
Tayssa Grassi Rodrigues ◽  
Lorena Schettino Lucas ◽  
Daniela Marisol Pérez-Angarita
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
The State ◽  
The North ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Internal Migrants ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
And Migration ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Social Importance ◽  
The Relationship

Friendship has been investigated in the context of international migration, but little is known about the subject in relation to internal migration, a phenomenon of great social importance in Brazil. The purpose of this article is to present and discuss data obtained in an investigation on the relations between internal migration and friendship as perceived by citizens from the state of Espírito Santo who were living in other states of Brazil, in the North, Northeast, Midwest, South and Southeast regions. Twenty adults born in the state and who had migrated to another Brazilian state participated in the investigation. The participants have been interviewed about how they perceived the relationship between friendship and migration and the data were subjected to thematic content analysis. Among the results difficulties to maintain friendships with people of the place of origin as well as difficulties in forming new friendships were observed. Friends were considered relevant for adaptation to the new state, affecting the perception of the same. The article also discusses the origin of friends, the perception of cultural differences and difficulties to make friends in another state. It is concluded that friends play a relevant role in the lives of Brazilian internal migrants and further investigations are necessary.

Educational Opportunity and Immigration in México: Exploring the Individual and Systemic Relationships

2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
JosÉ Felipe MartÍNez ◽  
Lucrecia Santibanez ◽  
Edson E. Serván Mori
Keyword(s):  
School Quality ◽  
Educational Opportunity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Educational Quality ◽  
Education Quality ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Migration Decisions ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Relationship

Background/Context Much research has investigated the complex interplay between education and migration. Education has been alternatively conceptualized as playing an important role as motivator or deterrent of future migration. This relationship, however, is often investigated in terms of coarse indicators of educational attainment. Purpose In this paper we investigate a less commonly explored side of the link between education and immigration. Our study estimates the relationship between immigration and educational quality and opportunity for the case of Mexico and the United States. Using these indicators we are able to delve deeper into how education affects migration decisions. Studying the relationships between immigration rates and aggregate indicators of education quality and opportunity can shed light into the ways in which education systems and governmental structures may influence or react to immigration patterns among school-age children. Research Design Data for this study come from three different sources: The Mexican Family Life Survey (MXFLS), which contains information on individual migration decisions; the Oportunidades program, which contains extensive family socio-economic characteristics and school quality indicators; and data from the National Population Council of Mexico, which contains socio-economic and demographic information about communities. Taking advantage of this data, we use logistic and linear regression models to estimate the relationship between education quality and migration. Results Our results suggest significant relationships between individual decisions to migrate and indicators of educational access, quality, and opportunity, suggesting that the experiences and opportunities afforded to individuals and families in school throughout the years can be of consequence for explaining immigration decisions and patterns. Conclusions/Recommendations Our analyses raise questions for delineating a framework for studying the relationship between educational quality and immigration. Such a framework should consider that not only individuals may have a lower incentive to further their schooling, but communities and even authorities may also have a lower incentive to improve school quality and opportunity.

scholarly journals Hurricane Strikes and Migration: Evidence from Storms in Central America and the Caribbean

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nekeisha Spencer ◽  
Mikhail-Ann Urquhart
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central American ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This study estimates the impact of hurricanes on migration from 30 Central American and Caribbean countries to the United States from 1989 to 2005. In contrast to previous studies, hurricane destruction indices are employed to study the relationship of hurricanes and migration. These indices measure geographical destruction, which gives a more comprehensive and accurate view of the damage and impact that hurricanes have on the movement of people to international destinations. Controlling for the host country’s migrant stock and the home country’s income, country fixed-effects estimation shows that hurricanes have a positive impact on the ratio of the number of migrants to the home country’s population. On average, hurricanes increase migration by roughly 6%, but the impact is greater for more damaging storms. Estimating the geographical effects reveals that the size of this impact varies across countries. The most damaging storms are related to an increase up to 540% in the ratio of migrants to the home country’s population.

Abusive Men's Use of Children to Control Their Partners and Ex-Partners

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa L. Beeble ◽  
Deborah Bybee ◽  
Cris M. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Anecdotal Evidence ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
The Relationship

While research has found that millions of children in the United States are exposed to their mothers being battered, and that many are themselves abused as well, little is known about the ways in which children are used by abusers to manipulate or harm their mothers. Anecdotal evidence suggests that perpetrators use children in a variety of ways to control and harm women; however, no studies to date have empirically examined the extent of this occurring. Therefore, the current study examined the extent to which survivors of abuse experienced this, as well as the conditions under which it occurred. Interviews were conducted with 156 women who had experienced recent intimate partner violence. Each of these women had at least one child between the ages of 5 and 12. Most women (88%) reported that their assailants had used their children against them in varying ways. Multiple variables were found to be related to this occurring, including the relationship between the assailant and the children, the extent of physical and emotional abuse used by the abuser against the woman, and the assailant's court-ordered visitation status. Findings point toward the complex situational conditions by which assailants use the children of their partners or ex-partners to continue the abuse, and the need for a great deal more research in this area.

Credit constraints and Rural Migration: Evidence from Six Villages in Uttar Pradesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-398
Author(s):  
Ruchi Singh
Keyword(s):  
Credit Constraints ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Male Migration ◽  
Rural Economies ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Rural economies in developing countries are often characterized by credit constraints. Although few attempts have been made to understand the trends and patterns of male out-migration from Uttar Pradesh (UP), there is dearth of literature on the linkage between credit accessibility and male migration in rural Uttar Pradesh. The present study tries to fill this gap. The objective of this study is to assess the role of credit accessibility in determining rural male migration. A primary survey of 370 households was conducted in six villages of Jaunpur district in Uttar Pradesh. Simple statistical tools and a binary logistic regression model were used for analyzing the data. The result of the empirical analysis shows that various sources of credit and accessibility to them play a very important role in male migration in rural Uttar Pradesh. The study also found that the relationship between credit constraints and migration varies across various social groups in UP.

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