scholarly journals Transformaciones antrópicas del suelo en un lugar de habitación prehispánico en los Andes noroccidentales

Revista Trace ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Mauricio Obregón Cardona ◽  
Luis Alberto Barba Pingarrón ◽  
Agustín Ortiz Butrón ◽  
Liliana Gómez Londoño
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Protein Waste ◽  
North Western ◽  
Sols Tropicaux

En este artículo presentamos los principales avances obtenidos en la identificación de algunos cambios producidos por los seres humanos en suelos tropicales de montaña, en un lugar de habitación arqueológico localizado en los Andes noroccidentales. En un principio, hemos registrado la ocurrencia y distribución de diversos tipos de vestigios arqueológicos incorporados dentro de la matriz de suelo. El registro arqueológico está compuesto por artefactos fragmentados (cerámica y lítica), el apisonamiento o compactación diferencial del suelo, los restos botánicos (macro y microrrestos) y el enriquecimiento del suelo con diferentes sustancias químicas (fosfatos, ácidos grasos, residuos de proteínas y pH). Los patrones identificados en la distribución de estos registros nos permiten formular las primeras conjeturas respecto a los procesos de formación de este depósito arqueológico, así como respecto al tipo de prácticas culturales que allí tuvieron lugar.Abstract: In this paper we discuss some advances in the identification of anthropic changes in mountain tropical soils from an archaeological residential area in North-Western Andes. To date we have identified and mapped various types of archaeological evidence incorporated into the soil matrix. The archaeological record contains artifacts (pottery and lithic), differential compaction of soil by trampling, botanic remains (macro and micro), and localized enrichment of soil with chemical substances (phosphates, fatty acids, protein waste and pH). Identified patterns allow us to make some assumptions about the formation process of the archaeological record and about some of the cultural practices carried out in this place.Résumé : Dans cet article nous présentons les principaux résultats obtenus quant à l’identification de certains changements produits par les êtres humains dans des sols tropicaux de montagne, sur un site d’habitat archéologique localisé dans les Andes nordoccidentales. Dans un premier temps, nous avons enregistré l’occurrence et la distribution de divers types de vestiges archéologiques incorporés dans la matrice du sol. Le registre archéologique est représenté par des artefacts fragmentés (céramique et lithique), la compaction différentielle du sol, les restes botaniques (macrorestes et microrestes) et l’enrichissement du sol par diverses substances chimiques (phosphates, acides gras, résidus protéiques et pH). Les patrons de distribution de ces registres nous permettent de formuler un certain nombre d’hypothèses préliminaires concernant les processus de formation de ce dépôt archéologique, ainsi que les pratiques culturelles qui y ont eu lieu.

scholarly journals Between Pleasure and Resistance: The Role of Substance Consumption in an Italian Working-Class Subculture

Societies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Placido
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Critical Criminology ◽  
Ethnographic Case Study ◽  
Youth Cultures ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Substance Consumption ◽  
North Western

In this article I discuss how illegal substance consumption can act as a tool of resistance and as an identity signifier for young people through a covert ethnographic case study of a working-class subculture in Genoa, North-Western Italy. I develop my argument through a coupled reading of the work of the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (CCCS) and more recent post-structural developments in the fields of youth studies and cultural critical criminology. I discuss how these apparently contrasting lines of inquiry, when jointly used, shed light on different aspects of the cultural practices of specific subcultures contributing to reflect on the study of youth cultures and subcultures in today’s society and overcoming some of the ‘dead ends’ of the opposition between the scholarly categories of subculture and post-subculture. In fact, through an analysis of the sites, socialization processes, and hedonistic ethos of the subculture, I show how within a single subculture there could be a coexistence of: resistance practices and subversive styles of expression as the CCCS research program posits; and signs of fragmentary and partial aesthetic engagements devoid of political contents and instead primarily oriented towards the affirmation of the individual, as argued by the adherents of the post-subcultural position.

Fatty Acid Data and Crop Surveys Indicate Sources of Red Sunflower Seed Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Populations and Suggest Strategies for Management

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarrad R Prasifka ◽  
Beth Ferguson ◽  
James V Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Fatty Acid Data ◽  
Smicronyx Fulvus ◽  
Combined Data ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Abstract The red sunflower seed weevil, Smicronyx fulvus L., is a univoltine seed-feeding pest of cultivated sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. Artificial infestations of S. fulvus onto sunflowers with traditional (<25% oleic acid), mid-oleic (55–75%), or high oleic (>80%) fatty acid profiles were used to test if fatty acids could be used as natural markers to estimate the proportion of weevils developing on oilseed sunflowers rather than wild Helianthus spp. and confection (non-oil) types. Oleic acid (%) in S. fulvus confirmed the fatty acid compositions of mature larvae and weevil adults reflected their diets, making primary (oleic or linoleic) fatty acids feasible as natural markers for this crop-insect combination. Oleic acid in wild S. fulvus populations in North Dakota suggests at least 84 and 90% of adults originated from mid-oleic or high oleic sunflower hybrids in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Surveys in 2017 (n = 156 fields) and 2019 (n = 120 fields) extended information provided by S. fulvus fatty acid data; no significant spatial patterns of S. fulvus damage were detected in samples, damage to oilseed sunflowers was greater than confection (non-oil) types, and the majority of damage occurred in ≈10% of surveyed fields. Combined, data suggest a few unmanaged or mismanaged oilseed sunflower fields are responsible for producing most S. fulvus in an area. Improved management seems possible with a combination of grower education and expanded use of non-insecticidal tactics, including cultural practices and S. fulvus-resistant hybrids.

scholarly journals Investigation on the potential of poplar bark from short-rotation coppices as bio-based fungicidal additives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Bremer ◽  
Javane Oktaee ◽  
Daniela Einer ◽  
Steffen Fischer ◽  
André Wagenführ
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Outer Bark ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Poplar Clones ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
Excellent Source

AbstractBark on trees protects the plant against environmentally adverse conditions as well as fungi and insect attacks. There are different chemical substances, mostly in the outer bark of trees, which can stop fungi from developing. Bark as a by-product of wood plantations is available in high quantity and can serve as an excellent source for the production of eco-fungicides. In the presented article, bark of various poplar clones from two short-rotation coppices (SRC) in Poland and Germany was examined to determine the chemical composition, the possible extraction of potential fungicides (terpenes, aromatic and phenolic substances), and influence of their extracts on slowing the growth of mold fungi. It was proved that the content of the fungicidal substances depends strongly on the clone type. Two methods of extraction—Soxhlet and batch—were compared to obtain fungicidal extracts. Fungicidal substances were found in extracts gained with both approaches. Triterpenes, fatty acids, aldehydes, and alcohols were primarily the active fungicides in the Soxhlet extracts, whereas phenolic substances act as fungicides in the batch extracts.

scholarly journals Kinase Inhibitory, Haemolytic and Cytotoxic Activity of Three Deep-water Sponges from North Western Australia and their Fatty Acid Composition

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Zivanovic ◽  
Natalie J. Pastro ◽  
Jane Fromont ◽  
Murray Thomson ◽  
Danielle Skropeta
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Haemolytic Activity ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Polar Extracts ◽  
North Western ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) inhibition, haemolytic activity, and cytoxicity of 21 extracts obtained from North Western Australian sponges collected from depths of 84-135 m were investigated. Hexane extracts from Ircinia/Sarcotragus sp. and Geodia sp. displayed PKA inhibitory activities of 100 and 97% respectively (at 100 μg/mL), while aq. methanol extracts from Haliclona sp. exhibited potent haemolytic activity (75%) and hexane extracts from Geodia sp. were highly toxic (88%) to the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana. As the non-polar extracts gave the greatest PKA inhibition, these were further analysed by GCMS and 29 fatty acids were identified in the highest proportions in Ircinia/Sarcotragus sp. > Haliclona sp. > Geodia sp. In contrast to shallow-water sponges that are dominated by polyunsaturated fatty acids with a high percentage of long chain fatty acids, LCFAs (C24-C30), the deep-sea sponges investigated herein were all found to be rich in saturated fatty acids, in particular C14-C20 fatty acids, including odd and branched chain fatty acids, with only low levels (0-10%) of LCFAs. Screening of the PKA inhibitory activity of a series of commercially available fatty acids identified C14-C18 fatty acids as possessing significant PKA inhibitory activity that may contribute to the activity observed in the sponges studied.

The Late Castro Culture of Northwest Portugal: Dynamics of Change

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco M. V. Reimäo Queiroga
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
First Century ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
The North ◽  
Excavation Work ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Coherent Picture ◽  
North Western ◽  
Northwest Iberia

The principal aim of this short chapter is to present some ideas and suggest possible directions of research concerning the development of the north-western Portuguese Iron Age, and in particular its late—and most dynamic—phase, that which coincided with Roman acculturation and conquest, towards the end of the first century BC. These processes of acculturation and conquest, and their impact on the Iron Age communities of the region, have long been the subject of discussion and indeed misunderstanding. Many unresolved questions and contradictions have blurred the construction of a coherent picture which is only now starting to take shape, though not necessarily providing definitive answers. If there was an effective military conquest, where is the evidence for the destruction of sites in the archaeological record? If the northwest was already conquered and pacified, why were the local communities building and reinforcing defensive walls? If the Romans were controlling this region, why were hillforts still being built in the traditional indigenous fashion? Generations of archaeologists, myself included, have attempted to answer some of these questions in the course of our research. The Iron Age cultures of northwest Iberia are broadly characterized by hillfort settlements built in stone, either granite or schist. These hillforts, known locally as ‘castros’, provide the name by which the culture is generally known: ‘cultura castreja’, in Portugal, or ‘cultura castrexa’ in Galicia. The word ‘castro’ obviously derives from the Latin ‘castrum’, in the sense of defended settlement. Francisco Martins Sarmento introduced this terminology following his major excavation work at the Citânia de Briteiros, from the 1870s onwards. Martins Sarmento’s excavation and survey work, combined with his remarkable capacity for observation and analysis, brought the Castro culture to widespread international attention, particularly after the Ninth International Congress of Anthropology and Prehistoric Archaeology, held in Lisbon in 1890. Despite this promising start, the Castro culture remained little known to most European archaeologists until the last few decades of the twentieth century, save for the contribution made by Christopher Hawkes (1971; 1984).

Stable Carbon Isotope Ratio and Composition of Microbial Fatty Acids in Tropical Soils

2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger A. Burke ◽  
Marirosa Molina ◽  
Julia E. Cox ◽  
Laurie J. Osher ◽  
Marisa C. Piccolo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Isotope Ratio ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope Ratio ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope Ratio

scholarly journals East meets West: Mounted Encounters in Early and High Mediaeval Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-107
Author(s):  
Jürg Gassmann
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Horse Breeding ◽  
And Training ◽  
North Western

Abstract By the Late Middle Ages, mounted troops - cavalry in the form of knights - are established as the dominant battlefield arm in North-Western Europe. This paper considers the development of cavalry after the Germanic Barbarian Successor Kingdoms such as the Visigoths in Spain or the Carolingian Franks emerged from Roman Late Antiquity and their encounters with Islam, as with the Moors in Iberia or the Saracens (Arabs and Turks) during the Crusades, since an important part of literature ascribes advances in European horse breeding and horsemanship to Arab influence. Special attention is paid to information about horse types or breeds, conformation, tactics - fighting with lance and bow - and training. Genetic studies and the archaeological record are incorporated to test the literary tradition.

scholarly journals In Vitro Assay of Bacterial Load on Some Ruminant Hide and Skin from North Western Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1425-1432
Author(s):  
I.U. Zungum ◽  
T.S. Imam ◽  
B. Benjamin ◽  
A. Moisule ◽  
M.G. Daya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
North Western

Consumption of meat is considered a vital source of essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals which makes it a critical dietary requirement for  humans and other organisms. However, in Sub Saharan Africa, despite accounting for a large chunk of livestock production, it is in short supply due to poverty and cultural practices. Hence, encourages the demand and consumption of other meat products such as singed ruminant hide and skin.  This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of singeing on bacterial population of hides and skin of cattle, camel, goat and sheep sold for human consumption in the seven North-western states of Nigeria using standard methods. Data obtained for the bacteria load showed that the highest mean count for singed hides and skins of cattle, camel, goat and sheep mean log10 CFU/g;5.10±0.13, 5.08±0.10, 5.06±0.05 and 5.05±0.09 respectively which were less than the unsigned (control), mean log10 CFU/g5.71±0.02, 5.70±0.03, 5.71±0.02 and 5.69±0.08. The high occurrence ofbacteria was slightly within unacceptable limits for the ruminant hides and skin sampleslog10 CFU/g; cattle: 5.22 camel: 5.19, goat: 5.23 and sheep: 5.19. This require urgent mitigation as it is slightly contaminated. However, the lower bacterial counts taken for ruminant sampleslog10 CFU/g; cattle: 4.82, camel: 4.83, goat: 4.84 and sheep: 4.79 were all within the marginal acceptable standard. Succinctly, 60% of the ruminant hides and skin samples require correctional measures whereas, 40% were out rightly contaminated. Hence, urgent action is needed across the abattoirs of Northwestern states of Nigeria to curtail the tide of unsafe hides and skin consumptions. Conclusively, the study established as thus; significantly, Singeing reduces (p < 0.05) the bacterial load on ruminant hides and skin and all samples were considerably high and exceeding the WHO  satisfactory level. Keywords:Hide and skin, Ruminant, Meat, Singeing, Abattoir and Northwestern Nigeria

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