scholarly journals Characteristics of Compressive Strength of Sea Ice at Notoro Lagoon

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 825-830
Author(s):  
Hisao Matsushita ◽  
Toru Takawaki ◽  
Ken-ichi Hirayama ◽  
Takaharu Masaki ◽  
Hideki Honda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Sea Ice

scholarly journals Sea-Ice Investigations In The Weddell Sea During The German Antarctic Expedition 1979-80

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 246-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Uniaxial Compressive Strength ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Ice Shelves ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Ice Conditions

In the austral winter of 1979-80, a German Antarctic expedition was sent by ship to the Filchner and Ronne ice shelves in order to find a suitable site for the establishment of a permanent Antarctic station. During this expedition, investigations were carried out on sea ice in the Weddell Sea in order to evaluate the accessibility of the site for icebreaking ships which are intended to convey construction materials to the site and, later on, to supply the station annually.This paper covers the results of investigations on sea-ice conditions during the voyage along the ice shelves from Cape Fiske (at the base of the Antarctic Peninsula) to Atka Bay with emphasis on sea-ice conditions in the area about 100 km north-west of Berkner Island (Fig.1.). In addition to the drift conditions (speed, direction), a special feature of multi-year sea ice is described. The main part of the paper deals with mechanical properties such as flexural strength, uniaxial compressive strength and Young’s modulus of columnar-grained sea ice from the southern border of the Weddell Sea. Salinities and temperatures were measured over the depth of the ice and used for calculating the flexural strength and the Young’s modulus of the ice. The uniaxial compressive strength was investigated as a function of strain-rate, brine volume and temperature on a closed-loop testing machine on samples which were carried back from Antarctica to Hamburg.

Sea-Ice Investigations In The Weddell Sea During The German Antarctic Expedition 1979-80

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 246-252
Author(s):  
Joachim Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Uniaxial Compressive Strength ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Ice Shelves ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Ice Conditions

In the austral winter of 1979-80, a German Antarctic expedition was sent by ship to the Filchner and Ronne ice shelves in order to find a suitable site for the establishment of a permanent Antarctic station. During this expedition, investigations were carried out on sea ice in the Weddell Sea in order to evaluate the accessibility of the site for icebreaking ships which are intended to convey construction materials to the site and, later on, to supply the station annually.This paper covers the results of investigations on sea-ice conditions during the voyage along the ice shelves from Cape Fiske (at the base of the Antarctic Peninsula) to Atka Bay with emphasis on sea-ice conditions in the area about 100 km north-west of Berkner Island (Fig.1.). In addition to the drift conditions (speed, direction), a special feature of multi-year sea ice is described. The main part of the paper deals with mechanical properties such as flexural strength, uniaxial compressive strength and Young’s modulus of columnar-grained sea ice from the southern border of the Weddell Sea. Salinities and temperatures were measured over the depth of the ice and used for calculating the flexural strength and the Young’s modulus of the ice. The uniaxial compressive strength was investigated as a function of strain-rate, brine volume and temperature on a closed-loop testing machine on samples which were carried back from Antarctica to Hamburg.

scholarly journals Study on the Properties of Compressive Strength of Sea Ice and Fresh Water Ice

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
Takahiro Takeuchi ◽  
Hirofumi Tabuchi ◽  
Akira Imaizumi ◽  
Kunio Enoki ◽  
Satoshi Okamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Ice

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of First Year Sea Ice in Saroma Lagoon

1985 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 278-280
Author(s):  
Hisao Matsushita ◽  
Nobuyoshi Yashima
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Test Specimen ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cross

This paper deals with compressive strength vs temperature characteristics (-40 ºC to -2ºC), size effect (cross-sectional area of test specimen) and probability distribution of compressive strength and fracture toughness KIC (corresponding to notch effect in bending strength), of first year sea ice sampled from Saroma Lagoon. The main experimental results are as follows. (1) Temperature dependent compressive fracture modes: at temperatures of -20 ºC to 0ºC, crush fracture is dominant, and at temperatures of -40 ºC to -20 C, brittle fracture is dominant. (2) The larger the cross-sectional area of a test specimen, the lower the compressive strength becomes. It is inferred that the number of weak spots increases with increase in the cross-sectional area of the test piece, which thus becomes more susceptible to fracture. (3) The scatter of compressive strength can be approximated by a normal distribution curve. (4) The KIC values of sea ice are below 10 kg/cm2cm, though they change slightly depending on the dimensions of test pieces, the relative angle between crystal growth direction and load direction, environmental condition (air or water), and testing method.

scholarly journals Field Test 1 of Compressive Strength of First-Year Sea Ice

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Failure Time ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Test System ◽  
First Year ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Baffin Island ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Average Strain Rate

A test program undertaken in April 1981 on the uniaxial compressive strength of freshly recovered first-year columnar-grained sea ice at a portable field laboratory floating on top of the ice cover in Eclipse Sound, Baffin Island, Canadian Arctic, is reported. Using a small battery-operated test machine, both vertical and horizontal samples were tested so that the load could be applied either parallel or perpendicular to the axis of the columns. Rate sensitivity of the observed strength is discussed in terms of measured average strain-rate and average stress-rate to upper yield or failure. Strain and time aspects of the test results are considered as well. Although vertical samples showed considerably greater strength than horizontal samples, no significant differences were detected in the failure strains. Examination of the interdependence of failure stress and failure time revealed certain anomalies in the results for vertical samples that could be linked to the performance characteristics of the test machine. As such problems could be common to any test system, methods of analysis are proposed for rational examination of the results.

Uniaxial Constant Compressive Stress Creep Tests on Sea Ice

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Sinha ◽  
C. Zhan ◽  
E. Evgin
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Compressive Stress ◽  
Axial Strain ◽  
Acoustic Emissions ◽  
Constant Strain Rate ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Creep Tests

First-year columnar-grained sea ice from Resolute Passage (74° 42′ N, 94° 50′ W), off Barrow Strait in the Canadian High Arctic, was tested under constant uniaxial compressive stress applied normal to the length of the columns. Creep tests were performed at 263 K, 253 K, and 243 K in the stress range of 0.7 to 2.5 MPa, using prismatic samples with dimensions of 50 mm × 100 mm × 250 mm. Because three-dimensional creep data are extremely useful for developing constitutive equations, axial strain was measured in conjunction with the measurements of two lateral strains and acoustic emissions. The deformations were measured using displacement gages mounted on the samples. A description of the experimental procedures and the observations are presented here. One-to-one correspondence has been obtained between the present results on the dependence of minimum creep rate on stress and previous data on the dependence of uniaxial compressive strength on strain rate under constant strain rate. The strain-rate sensitivity of compressive strength can, therefore, be obtained from creep tests which can be performed by using simple dead-load test systems.

Estimation of the uniaxial compressive strength of Arctic sea ice during melt season

2018 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingkai Wang ◽  
Zhijun Li ◽  
Ruibo Lei ◽  
Peng Lu ◽  
Hongwei Han
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Uniaxial Compressive Strength ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Sea

Compressive strength of sea ice sheets

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.W. Timco ◽  
R.M.W. Frederking
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Ice Sheets

scholarly journals Influence of the loading direction on the uniaxial compressive strength of sea ice based on field measurements

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (82) ◽  
pp. 86-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunying Ji ◽  
Xiaodong Chen ◽  
Anliang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Brittle Failure ◽  
Ductile Failure ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Vertical Loading ◽  
Loading Direction ◽  
Horizontal Loading ◽  
Nominal Strain

AbstractSea ice is composed of columnar-shaped grains. To investigate the influence of the loading direction on the uniaxial compressive strength and failure processes of sea ice, field experiments were performed with first-year level ice. Loads were applied both horizontally (parallel to the grain columns) and vertically (across the grain columns) with various nominal strain rates. Two failure modes have been observed: a ductile failure mode at low nominal strain rates, and a brittle failure mode at high nominal strain rates. However, the failure pattern of sea ice was clearly dependent on the loading direction. At low nominal strain rates (ductile failure mode), the sea-ice samples yielded due to the development of wing cracks under horizontal loading and due to splaying out at one end under vertical loading. When sea ice fails in the ductile mode, the deformation is driven by grain boundary sliding under horizontal loading and by grain decohesion and crystal deflection under vertical loading. At high nominal strain rates (brittle failure mode), the sea-ice samples failed in shear faulting under horizontal loading and in cross-column buckling under vertical loading. The nominal strain rate at the brittle–ductile transition zone is about ten times higher under vertical loading.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of First Year Sea Ice in Saroma Lagoon

1985 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 278-280
Author(s):  
Hisao Matsushita ◽  
Nobuyoshi Yashima
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Test Specimen ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cross

This paper deals with compressive strength vs temperature characteristics (-40 ºC to -2ºC), size effect (cross-sectional area of test specimen) and probability distribution of compressive strength and fracture toughness KIC (corresponding to notch effect in bending strength), of first year sea ice sampled from Saroma Lagoon. The main experimental results are as follows. (1) Temperature dependent compressive fracture modes: at temperatures of -20 ºC to 0ºC, crush fracture is dominant, and at temperatures of -40 ºC to -20 C, brittle fracture is dominant. (2) The larger the cross-sectional area of a test specimen, the lower the compressive strength becomes. It is inferred that the number of weak spots increases with increase in the cross-sectional area of the test piece, which thus becomes more susceptible to fracture. (3) The scatter of compressive strength can be approximated by a normal distribution curve. (4) The KIC values of sea ice are below 10 kg/cm2 cm, though they change slightly depending on the dimensions of test pieces, the relative angle between crystal growth direction and load direction, environmental condition (air or water), and testing method.

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