High Earthquake Resistant Quay Wall of Embedded Steel-Plate Cell Structure

Steel plate fuses can be used as energy dissipating devices in earthquake-resistant structures. After an earthquake, the structure remains essentially elastic and only the deformed fuse require replacement. This report simulates the monotonic response of steel plate specimens. The effects of different inputs such as imperfection, shape and size of the fuse openings, and different meshing types on yield strength, deformation, stress distribution, and displacement are studied by using ANSYS Mechanical APDL. The study found that increasing imperfection increases displacement and decreases yield strength. It was also concluded that as the hole size in the steel plate is increased, the fuse yield strength is slightly increased to a point then is decreased. Double diamond shape showed better response in terms of displacement and stress distribution, this is because of the link shape formed by the two holes. Finer quadrilateral meshing method provide precise simulation results over longer time.

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FINITE ELEMENT MODELING OF STEEL PLATES UNDER MONOTONIC LOADING

10.32920/ryerson.14654022.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bilal Nasir Shamsaldin

Keyword(s):

Stress Distribution ◽

Yield Strength ◽

Steel Plate ◽

Steel Plates ◽

Earthquake Resistant ◽

Earthquake Resistant Structures ◽

Quadrilateral Meshing ◽

Deformation Stress ◽

Double Diamond ◽

Precise Simulation

Steel plate fuses can be used as energy dissipating devices in earthquake-resistant structures. After an earthquake, the structure remains essentially elastic and only the deformed fuse require replacement. This report simulates the monotonic response of steel plate specimens. The effects of different inputs such as imperfection, shape and size of the fuse openings, and different meshing types on yield strength, deformation, stress distribution, and displacement are studied by using ANSYS Mechanical APDL. The study found that increasing imperfection increases displacement and decreases yield strength. It was also concluded that as the hole size in the steel plate is increased, the fuse yield strength is slightly increased to a point then is decreased. Double diamond shape showed better response in terms of displacement and stress distribution, this is because of the link shape formed by the two holes. Finer quadrilateral meshing method provide precise simulation results over longer time.

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Piling Technologies and Steel Plate Cell Method

Marine Engineering ◽

10.5988/jime.53.846 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (6) ◽

pp. 846-847

Author(s):

Kazuki Ogawa

Keyword(s):

Steel Plate ◽

Cell Method ◽

Plate Cell

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High-pressure freezing of cells in suspension for low-voltage scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM)

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100084624 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 64-65

Author(s):

Marek Malecki ◽

James Pawley ◽

Hans Ris

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

High Pressure ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Culture Media ◽

Cell Structure ◽

Freeze Substitution ◽

Ice Crystal ◽

High Pressure Freezing ◽

Cell Culture Media ◽

Voltage Scanning

The ultrastructure of cells suspended in physiological fluids or cell culture media can only be studied if the living processes are stopped while the cells remain in suspension. Attachment of living cells to carrier surfaces to facilitate further processing for electron microscopy produces a rapid reorganization of cell structure eradicating most traces of the structures present when the cells were in suspension. The structure of cells in suspension can be immobilized by either chemical fixation or, much faster, by rapid freezing (cryo-immobilization). The fixation speed is particularly important in studies of cell surface reorganization over time. High pressure freezing provides conditions where specimens up to 500μm thick can be frozen in milliseconds without ice crystal damage. This volume is sufficient for cells to remain in suspension until frozen. However, special procedures are needed to assure that the unattached cells are not lost during subsequent processing for LVSEM or HVEM using freeze-substitution or freeze drying. We recently developed such a procedure.

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Cell structure properties during in situ creep experiments in the H.V.E.M.

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100110015 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 574-575

Author(s):

D. Caillard ◽

J.L. Martin

Keyword(s):

Tensile Axis ◽

Cell Structure ◽

Image Intensifier ◽

Foil Thickness ◽

Average Cell Size ◽

Average Cell ◽

Voltage Electron ◽

Steady Stage ◽

Stationary Creep

The behaviour of the dislocation substructure during the steady stage regime of creep, as well as its contribution to the creep rate, are poorly known. In particular, the stability of the subboundaries has been questioned recently, on the basis of experimental observations |1||2| and theoretical estimates |1||3|. In situ deformation experiments in the high voltage electron microscope are well adapted to the direct observation of this behaviour. We report here recent results on dislocation and subboundary properties during stationary creep of an aluminium polycristal at 200°C.During a macroscopic creep test at 200°C, a cell substructure is developed with an average cell size of a few microns. Microsamples are cut out of these specimens |4| with the same tensile axis, and then further deformed in the microscope at the same temperature and stain rate. At 1 MeV, one or a few cells can be observed in the foil thickness |5|. Low electron fluxes and an image intensifier were used to reduce radiation damage effects.

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High-pressure freezing and freeze substitution of plant tissue

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100124148 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 748-749

Author(s):

William P. Sharp ◽

Robert W. Roberson

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Cell Structure ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Freeze Substitution ◽

Crystal Formation ◽

Ice Crystal ◽

High Pressure Freezing ◽

Cell Components ◽

Cold Metal ◽

Brome Grass

The aim of ultrastructural investigation is to analyze cell architecture and relate a functional role(s) to cell components. It is known that aqueous chemical fixation requires seconds to minutes to penetrate and stabilize cell structure which may result in structural artifacts. The use of ultralow temperatures to fix and prepare specimens, however, leads to a much improved preservation of the cell’s living state. A critical limitation of conventional cryofixation methods (i.e., propane-jet freezing, cold-metal slamming, plunge-freezing) is that only a 10 to 40 μm thick surface layer of cells can be frozen without distorting ice crystal formation. This problem can be allayed by freezing samples under about 2100 bar of hydrostatic pressure which suppresses the formation of ice nuclei and their rate of growth. Thus, 0.6 mm thick samples with a total volume of 1 mm3 can be frozen without ice crystal damage. The purpose of this study is to describe the cellular details and identify potential artifacts in root tissue of barley (Hordeum vulgari L.) and leaf tissue of brome grass (Bromus mollis L.) fixed and prepared by high-pressure freezing (HPF) and freeze substitution (FS) techniques.

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