scholarly journals A STUDY ON FORMATION PROCESS AND ESTIMATION METHOD OF WATER QUALITY HYDROGRAPH IN A SMALL BASIN

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 349-354
Author(s):  
Shuichi KURE ◽  
Kinsou Ryuu ◽  
Ryou EBANA ◽  
Tadashi YAMADA
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Small Basin

scholarly journals A STUDY ON FORMATION PROCESS OF WATER QUALITY HYDROGRAPH IN A SMALL BASIN

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuichi KURE ◽  
Chisato KITAMURA ◽  
Ryou EBANA ◽  
Tadashi YAMADA
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Small Basin

Influence of different activities on water quality in a small basin

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Czemiel Berndtsson ◽  
Lars Bengtsson
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Small Basin

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF WATER HARDNESS ON RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF DOUGH

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ELENA-MĂDĂLINA ȘTEFAN ◽  
GHEORGHE VOICU ◽  
GABRIEL-ALEXANDRU CONSTANTIN ◽  
MARIANA FERDEȘ ◽  
GHEORGHE MUSCALU
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Rheological Characteristics ◽  
Retention Period ◽  
White Flour ◽  
Brabender Farinograph ◽  
Hardness Values

<p>Flour and water are basic components in dough formation process. The water quality affects the whole breadmaking process and the quality and retention period of bakery products. In bakery, an important role is played by the hardness of water; are preferred water having a hardness by 5 - 10<sup>o</sup> D (German degrees) and, in some cases, are preferred the waters with 10 – 20<sup>o</sup> D, depending on the characteristics of gluten. For the experimental determination, presented in this paper, were used samples of FA 650 flour type (white flour) and four kinds of water with different hardness values. To determine the dough rheological characteristics were made measurements according to AACC 54-21 standard method, using the Brabender Farinograph-E model (300 g mixer capacity). </p>The paper presents the study of rheological characteristics variation of wheat flour dough, depending on the water hardness used in mixing and formation process.

scholarly journals Water Quality Indicator Interval Prediction in Wastewater Treatment Process Based on the Improved BES-LSSVM Algorithm

Sensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Meng Zhou ◽  
Yinyue Zhang ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Yuntao Shi ◽  
Vicenç Puig
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Bald Eagle ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Effluent Water ◽  
Interval Prediction

This paper proposes a novel interval prediction method for effluent water quality indicators (including biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N)), which are key performance indices in the water quality monitoring and control of a wastewater treatment plant. Firstly, the effluent data regarding BOD/NH3-N and their necessary auxiliary variables are collected. After some basic data pre-processing techniques, the key indicators with high correlation degrees of BOD and NH3-N are analyzed and selected based on a gray correlation analysis algorithm. Next, an improved IBES-LSSVM algorithm is designed to predict the BOD/NH3-N effluent data of a wastewater treatment plant. This algorithm relies on an improved bald eagle search (IBES) optimization algorithm that is used to find the optimal parameters of least squares support vector machine (LSSVM). Then, an interval estimation method is used to analyze the uncertainty of the optimized LSSVM model. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can obtain high prediction accuracy, with reduced computational time and an easy calculation process, in predicting effluent water quality parameters compared with other existing algorithms.

Irrigative assessment of Sasyk water quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Serhii Yurasov ◽  
◽  
Viktoriia Kuzmina ◽  
Vitalii Karaulov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Magnesium Ions ◽  
Artificial Lake ◽  
Salty Water ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Freshwater Reservoir ◽  
Irrigation Waters

The article is dedicated to the problem of artificial Lake Sasyk which was transformed from a salty water estuary into a freshwater reservoir at the expense of the Danube waters. In the first decades, the irrigative water conditions were not achieved due to the arrival of salts from the bottom sediments. Currently, the water quality formation process in Lake Sasyk has stabilized, but the problem of land irrigation remains urgent. The article gives an irrigation assessment of the quality of the Sasyk reservoir according to various methods considering observations in the HPS-2 region from 2007 to 2017. A detailed typification of irrigation waters based on Alekin O. A. water typing is proposed. It was found that mineralization and the content of sodium and magnesium ions in the Sasyk waters promote salinization and alkalinization of soils. For the safe use of this water for irrigation, both chemical reclamation and dilution with water are necessary.

Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Water Quality Concentrations from Censored Data

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1033-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. El-Shaarawi ◽  
D. M. Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Censored Data ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
A Value

Concentration data for water quality parameters reported as less than the detection limit (DL) may be considered to have come from a censored probability distribution. Traditionally, if it was necessary to assign a value to a sample reported as less than DL, various ad hoc methods were used such as selecting arbitrary values (0, 1/2 DL, DL, etc.). As analytical methods improved, DL's became smaller and the choice of ad hoc methods had less of an effect. However, there are two cases where the choice of estimation method is still a problem: (1) it is desired to calculate a differential loading (i.e. downstream minus upstream); (2) a loading estimate is desired in a tributary whose flow rate is extremely large. Both cases apply in connecting channels such as the Niagara and Detroit Rivers. The background for development of a nonarbitrary method for handling these situations is presented and the resultant estimator is used on water quality data from the connecting channels and Lake Ontario. The equations for confidence intervals for estimated mean concentrations or loadings are also presented. The effect of changing the DL is discussed.

Use of Ambient Water Quality Data to Refine Emission Estimates in the Danube Basin

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Clement ◽  
K. Buzás
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Flow Data ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Danube Basin ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Water Quality Data

In the frame of an EU/Phare project nutrient balances of the Danube countries were studied. As an element of the procedure, N and P emissions to surface waters were estimated on various scales. The “immission” loads computed from water quality and flow data were used to refine these estimates. The evaluation indicated the significant role of uncertainties related to scarce observations typical for many countries in the Danube Basin. To obtain the error of annual nutrient load estimates statistical analyses of a number of Hungarian rivers (in the 2 m3/s - 2000 m3/s mean flow range) were performed. Both, analytical expressions of sampling theory and Monte Carlo simulations were used. The ratio estimate and an analysis of the relation of errors of the annual mean flow and the load, resp. were used to take advantage of the additional information of flow data in comparison to water quality. An empirical error function for the range of rivers considered was derived. The effort led to useful results in relation to the selection of the estimation method, the role of sampling frequency and size of the catchment. Conclusions were also drawn on estimation errors of loads of first order tributaries of the Danube and their use in the frame of a nutrient balance study.

A new water quality state estimation method with an unknown state model

2021 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 174-180
Author(s):  
Daxing Xu ◽  
Hailun Wang ◽  
Lu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
State Estimation ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
State Model ◽  
Unknown State
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