scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF MODEL PARAMETERS' SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS ON RAINFALL-RUNOFF SIMULATION RESULTS

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
Y. TACHIKAWA ◽  
M. FUKUMITSU ◽  
Y. ICHIKAWA ◽  
M. SHIIBA ◽  
K. TAKARA
Keyword(s):  
Model Parameters ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
Simulation Results

scholarly journals Preliminary Study of Computational Time Steps in a Physically Based Distributed Rainfall–Runoff Model

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Choi ◽  
Mun-Ju Shin ◽  
Kyung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Parameter ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
Stream Network ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Runoff Model

The choice of the computational time step (dt) value and the method for setting dt can have a bearing on the accuracy and performance of a simulation, and this effect has not been comprehensively researched across different simulation conditions. In this study, the effects of the fixed time step (FTS) method and the automatic time step (ATS) method on the simulated runoff of a distributed rainfall–runoff model were compared. The results revealed that the ATS method had less peak flow variability than the FTS method for the virtual catchment. In the FTS method, the difference in time step had more impact on the runoff simulation results than the other factors such as differences in the amount of rainfall, the density of the stream network, or the spatial resolution of the input data. Different optimal parameter values according to the computational time step were found when FTS and ATS were used in a real catchment, and the changes in the optimal parameter values were smaller in ATS than in FTS. The results of our analyses can help to yield reliable runoff simulation results.

scholarly journals NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE RAINFALL-RUNOFF PROCESS ON A DAILY BASIS

1973 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEEN ASGER NIELSEN ◽  
EGGERT HANSEN
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Frozen Ground ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Physical Elements

A digital model has been developed for the simulation of the rainfall-runoff process of rural watersheds. Input data are daily values of precipitation and temperature together with mean monthly potential evapotranspiration. The model produces daily values of streamflow as well as information on the time variation of the soil moisture content. In all, ten model parameters have to be identified, seven of which have a major influence on the performance of the model. The model operates by accounting continuously for the moisture content in four different and mutually interrelated storages representing physical elements in the watershed. It has been applied to three different Danish watersheds. Several statistical measures of accuracy have been utilized for a quantitative evaluation of the simulation results. The simulations demonstrate that the main shortcomings of the model are due to the lack of a procedure accounting for frozen ground during extended periods of frost, which could improve some of the simulation results during winter and spring.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Pengaruh Jumlah dan Posisi Stasiun Curah Hujan pada Simulasi Aliran Limpasan Di Sungai Ping, Thailand

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
Muchamad Wahyu Trinugroho
Keyword(s):  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Peak Discharge ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Discharge Condition ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Best Fit

The number and distribution of rainfall stations areneeded to simulate rainfall-run off transformation on hydrologic model. However, the availability of stations varies in watershed. The study aims to assess theinfluence of numberand distribution rainfall stations by a modelling approachto simulate run-off process. The use of HEC-HMS model is tocalibrate model parameters and simulaterun-offon 4 scenarios in Mae Caem Watershed (3,826 km2), Northern Thailand. The result shows the calibrated model parameters of 13 stationsare very satisfied by 0.826 of Nash coefficient. Based on the simulation result, the condition of 6 stations demonstrate the best fit regarding observation data by R2 = 0.927; the lowest correlation is three rainfall stations by 0.795 of R2. Also, simulated runoff rainfall for six stations (condition2) show results close to the observation discharge. Condition 1 (all stations) is somewhat higher than condition tworegarding pattern and peak discharge. Another result shows simulation of peak discharge condition 3 (station number 2, 5, and 13) has overestimate of observation discharge and condition 5 shows underestimate result to observation discharge. Overall the simulation results have met Nash's criteria, while the best results are in simulation with 6 stations (condition 2). Thus the number and position of rainfall stations have an influence on the modeling of rainfall runoff in the Ping River, Mae Caem Watershed.

scholarly journals A coupled atmospheric-hydrologic modeling system with variable grid sizes for rainfall-runoff simulation in semi-humid and semi-arid watersheds: How does the coupling scale affects the results?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyang Tian ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Chuanzhe Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrologic Modeling ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Flood Forecasting ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
Flood Simulation ◽  
Simulation Results

Abstract. The coupled atmospheric-hydrologic modeling system is an effective way in improving the accuracy of rainfall-runoff modeling and extending the lead time in real-time flood forecasting. The aim of this study is to explore the appropriate coupling scale of the coupled atmospheric-hydrologic modeling system, which is established by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and the gridded Hebei model with three different sizes (1 × 1 km, 3 × 3 km and 9 × 9 km). The soil moisture storage capacity and infiltration capacity of different grids in the gridded Hebei model are obtained and dispersed using the topographic index. The lumped Hebei model is also used to establish the lumped atmospheric-hydrologic coupled system as a reference system. Four 24 h storm events occurring at two small and medium-scale sub-watersheds in northern China are selected as cases study. Contrastive analyses of the flood process simulations from the gridded and lumped systems are carried out. The results show that the flood simulation results may not always be improved with higher dimension precision and more complicated system, and the grid size selection has a great relationship with the rainfall evenness. For the storm events with uniform spatial distribution, the coupling scale has less impact on flood simulation results, and the lumped system also performs well. For the storm events with uneven spatiotemporal distribution, the corrected rainfall can improve the simulation results significantly, and higher resolution lead to better flood process simulation. The results can help to establish the appropriate coupled atmospheric-hydrologic modeling system to improve the flood forecasting accuracy.

scholarly journals A coupled atmospheric–hydrologic modeling system with variable grid sizes for rainfall–runoff simulation in semi-humid and semi-arid watersheds: how does the coupling scale affects the results?

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 3933-3949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyang Tian ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Chuanzhe Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrologic Modeling ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Flood Forecasting ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
Flood Simulation ◽  
Simulation Results

Abstract. The coupled atmospheric–hydrologic modeling system is an effective way to improve the accuracy of rainfall–runoff modeling and extend the lead time in real-time flood forecasting. The aim of this study is to explore the appropriate coupling scale of the coupled atmospheric–hydrologic modeling system, which is established by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and the gridded Hebei model with three different sizes (1 km×1 km, 3 km×3 km and 9 km×9 km). The Hebei model is a conceptual rainfall–runoff model designed to describe a mixed runoff generation mechanism, including both storage excess and infiltration excess, in the semi-humid and semi-dry area of northern China. The soil moisture storage capacity and infiltration capacity of different grids in the gridded Hebei model are obtained and dispersed using the topographic index. The lumped Hebei model is also used to establish the lumped atmospheric–hydrologic coupled system as a reference system. Four 24 h storm events occurring at two small- and medium-scale sub-watersheds in northern China are selected as case studies. Contrastive analyses of the flood process simulations from the gridded and lumped systems are carried out. The results show that the flood simulation results may not always be improved with higher-dimension precision and more complicated system, and the grid size selection has a strong relationship with the rainfall evenness. For the storm events with uniform spatial distribution, the coupling scale has less impact on flood simulation results, and the lumped system also performs well. For the storm events with uneven spatiotemporal distribution, the corrected rainfall can improve the simulation results significantly, and higher resolution leads to better flood process simulation. The results can help to establish the appropriate coupled atmospheric–hydrologic modeling system to improve the flood forecasting accuracy.

scholarly journals A Review on Rainfall Runoff Simulation at Ungauged Catchment

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
W.N.C.W. Zanial ◽  
M.A. Malek ◽  
M.N.M. Reba
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
Ungauged Catchments ◽  
Ungauged Catchment ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Set Up

Ungauged catchment occurs when no runoff data are available or when very few ground rain gauges are located in a huge catchment.  For these catchments, the parameters to be used in rainfall‐runoff models cannot be attained just by adjusting runoff information and thus should be procured by different techniques. Show parameters that require orientation are normally transposed from comparable measured catchments. The rainfall runoff simulation is very important to estimate and predict the flow in ungauged catchment. This investigation reviews ideas to differentiate hydrological comparability for transposing parameters from a gauged to an ungauged catchment. Model parameters that are physically based are generally derived from other information close to the ungauged catchment of intrigue. The primary challenge with rainfall‐runoff demonstrating in ungauged catchments is the absence of neighborhood ground precipitation and streamflow information to be utilized in aligning the proposed show parameters. Parameter alignment is useful since adjustment can represent the impacts of hydrological set up in a specific catchment. Since hydrological models are especially reliant on their limit conditions, the alignment practice directed can modify the predispositions of info information utilized. Parameters' adjustment can fundamentally improve the execution of rainfall‐runoff models since it included media properties of soil and vegetation which are exceptionally heterogeneous and basically are in every case inadequately known. Alternative methods for ungauged catchments are required which are the subject of this study. This study summarizes the important methods used in an ungauged catchments, discusses the issues of using satellite data as a substitute input to rainfall‐runoff models and its comparison with point scale ground data.

scholarly journals Effects and consideration of storm movement in rainfall–runoff modelling at the basin scale

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 5063-5071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Khalighi Sigaroodi ◽  
Qiuwen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Relative Difference ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Stationary Conditions ◽  
Simulation Results

Abstract. A number of studies have emphasized the effects of rainfall movement on runoff simulation; nevertheless, due to the lack of rain gauges inside sub-basins, a method using a hyetograph of the nearest gauges to a sub-basin is usually employed. This study investigated the effects of neglecting rainfall movement on overland simulation results in even a middle-sized basin. Simulations were carried out under two conditions: (1) stationary conditions where the nearest gauge hyetograph was used and rainfall movement was ignored, which is quite common in the case of a lack of data, and (2) moving conditions where a shifted hyetograph based on hyetograph timing recorded in the basin was used. The simulation results were compared with the measured discharge at the outlets. The results revealed that using the shifted hyetograph, which could consider the rainfall movement over sub-basins, decreased the mismatches between the simulated and observed hydrograph. In some of the cases, the shifted hyetograph reduced the relative difference more than 20 %. The study provided a useful method to cope with rainfall movement in runoff modelling of sparsely gauged large watersheds.

scholarly journals Hydrological Modelling of the Cascina Scala Catchment

10.29007/d2g9 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Creaco ◽  
Sara Todeschini ◽  
Marco Franchini
Keyword(s):  
Water Discharge ◽  
Hydrological Modelling ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Hydrological Response ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
Clark Model ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
Event Based ◽  
Optimal Set

This paper presents results about the hydrological modelling of the Cascina Scala catchment. Following a preliminary analysis that proved the Nash cascade of reservoirs superior to the Clark model in the event-based rainfall-runoff simulation for this catchment, a new analysis was carried out to compare two different parameterization approaches applicable in gauged rain events. The former is based on estimating the optimal set of model parameters in each gauged event and then obtaining the ultimate set by averaging the values obtained over the whole group of events; the latter is based on estimating the optimal set of parameters directly on the whole group of gauged events. The results of the analysis proved the better performance of the latter, which enables better representation of the hydrological response of the catchment, evaluated in terms of water discharge pattern at the outlet.

scholarly journals Study on the effects of storm movement on rainfall-runoff modelling at the basin scale

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Khalighi Sigarood ◽  
Qiuwen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Relative Difference ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Stationary Conditions ◽  
Simulation Results

Abstract. A number of studies have emphasized the effects of rainfall movement on runoff simulation; nevertheless, due to the lack of rain gauges inside sub-basins, a method using a hyetograph of the nearest gauges to a sub-basin is usually employed. This study investigated the negative effects of neglecting rainfall movement on overland simulation results in even a middle-sized basin. Simulations were carried out under two conditions: (1) stationary conditions where the nearest gauge hyetograph was used and rainfall movement was ignored, which is quite common in case of a lack of data; (2) moving conditions where a shifted hyetograph based on hyetograph timing recorded in the basin was used. The simulation results were compared with the measured discharge at the outlets. The results revealed that using the shifted hyetograph, which could consider the rainfall movement over sub-basins, decreased the mismatches between the simulated and observed hydrograph. In some of the cases, the shifted hyetograph reduced the relative difference more than 20 %.

Correction and preparation of continuously measured raingauge data: a standard method in North Rhine-Westphalia

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Maul-Kötter ◽  
Th. Einfalt
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
The State ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Free Data ◽  
Important Input ◽  
Raingauge Data ◽  
Environmental Agency

Continuous raingauge measurements are an important input variable for detailed rainfall-runoff simulation. In North Rhine-Westphalia, more than 150 continuous raingauges are used for local hydrological design through the use of site specific rainfall runoff models. Requiring gap-free data, the State Environmental Agency developed methods to use a combination of daily measurements and neighbouring continuous measurements for filling periods of lacking data in a given raindata series. The objective of such a method is to obtain plausible data for water balance simulations. For more than 3500 station years the described methodology has been applied.

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