scholarly journals Development of Outbreak Model on Waterborne Infectious Diseases by Pathogenic Microorganisms through Drinking Water.

2000 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Toru WATANABE ◽  
Kensuke FUKUSHI ◽  
Tatsuo OMURA
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms

DISINFEKSI UNTUK PROSES PENGOLAHAN AIR MINUM

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusa Idaman Said
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Microbiological Contamination ◽  
Disinfection Process

Water disinfection means the removal, deactivation or killing of pathogenic microorganisms. Microorganisms are destroyed or deactivated, resulting in termination of growth and reproduction. When microorganisms are not removed from drinking water, drinking water usage will cause people to fall ill. Chemical inactivation of microbiological contamination in natural or untreated water is usually one of the final steps to reduce pathogenic microorganisms in drinking water. Combinations of water purification steps (oxidation, coagulation, settling, disinfection, and filtration) cause (drinking) water to be safe after production. As an extra measure many countries apply a second disinfection step at the end of the water purification process, in order to protect the water from microbiological contamination in the water distribution system. Usually one uses a different kind of disinfectant from the one earlier in the process, during this disinfection process. The secondary disinfection makes sure that bacteria will not multiply in the water during distribution. This paper describes several technique of disinfection process for drinking water treatment. Disinfection can be attained by means of physical or chemical disinfectants. The agents also remove organic contaminants from water, which serve as nutrients or shelters for microorganisms. Disinfectants should not only kill microorganisms. Disinfectants must also have a residual effect, which means that they remain active in the water after disinfection. For chemical disinfection of water the following disinfectants can be used such as Chlorine (Cl2),  Hypo chlorite (OCl-), Chloramines, Chlorine dioxide (ClO2), Ozone (O3), Hydrogen peroxide etch. For physical disinfection of water the following disinfectants can be used is Ultraviolet light (UV). Every technique has its specific advantages and and disadvantages its own application area sucs as environmentally friendly, disinfection byproducts, effectivity, investment, operational costs etc. Kata Kunci : Disinfeksi, bakteria, virus, air minum, khlor, hip khlorit, khloramine, khlor dioksida, ozon, UV.

Drinking-Water Quality and Intestinal Infectious Diseases in a Colombian Department, 2010-2016

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Dora Cardona Rivas ◽  
Militza Yulain Cardona Guzmán ◽  
Olga Lucía Ocampo López
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Health Organization

Objective: To characterize the burden of intestinal infectious diseases attributable to drinking-water quality in 27 municipalities in the central region of Colombia. Materials and methods: A time-trend ecological study. The drinking-water quality of the National Institute of Health and the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies was identified. The disease burden was calculated based on the mortality registered in the National Department of Statistics and the records of morbidity attended by the Social Protection Integrated Information System. The etiological agents reported in morbidity records and the observation of environmental conditions in the municipalities of the study were included. The disease burden was determined according to the methodology recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).

scholarly journals Prevalence and public health implications of mycotoxigenic fungi in treated drinking water systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ntombie Thandazile Mhlongo ◽  
Memory Tekere ◽  
Timothy Sibanda
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Mycotoxigenic Fungi ◽  
Treated Drinking Water

Abstract Insufficient potable water resources and poorly treated drinking water quality are the world's number one cause for preventable morbidity and mortality from water-related pathogenic microorganisms. Pathogenic microorganisms, including mycotoxigenic fungi, have been identified in treated drinking water. This paper presents a review of mycotoxigenic fungi as a health risk to the public as these fungi are responsible for allergies, cancers and opportunistic infections mainly to immunocompromised patients. The exacerbating factors contributing to fungal presence in water distribution systems, factors that lead to fungi being resistant to water treatment and treated drinking water quality legislations are also discussed. This paper provides a review on the prevalence of mycotoxigenic fungi and their implications to public health in treated drinking water, and the need for inclusion in treated drinking water quality regulations.

scholarly journals Estimating the global burden of thalassogenic diseases: human infectious diseases caused by wastewater pollution of the marine environment

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hillel Shuval
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Filter Feeding ◽  
The World ◽  
Wastewater Pollution

This paper presents a preliminary attempt at obtaining an order-of-magnitude estimate of the global burden of disease (GBD) of human infectious diseases associated with swimming/bathing in coastal waters polluted by wastewater, and eating raw or lightly steamed filter-feeding shellfish harvested from such waters. Such diseases will be termed thalassogenic—caused by the sea. Until recently these human health effects have been viewed primarily as local phenomena, not generally included in the world agenda of marine scientists dealing with global marine pollution problems. The massive global scale of the problem can be visualized when one considers that the wastewater and human body wastes of a significant portion of the world's population who reside along the coastline or in the vicinity of the sea are discharged daily, directly or indirectly, into the marine coastal waters, much of it with little or no treatment. Every cubic metre of raw domestic wastewater discharged into the sea can carry millions of infectious doses of pathogenic microorganisms. It is estimated that globally, foreign and local tourists together spend some 2 billion man-days annually at coastal recreational resorts and many are often exposed there to coastal waters polluted by wastewater. Annually some 800 million meals of potentially contaminated filter-feeding shellfish/bivalves and other sea foods, harvested in polluted waters are consumed, much of it raw or lightly steamed. A number of scientific studies have shown that swimmers swallow significant amounts of polluted seawater and can become ill with gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases from the pathogens they ingest. Based on risk assessments from the World Health Organization (WHO) and academic research sources the present study has made an estimate that globally, each year, there are in excess of 120 million cases of gastrointestinal disease and in excess of 50 million cases of more severe respiratory diseases caused by swimming and bathing in wastewater-polluted coastal waters. Filter-feeding shellfish/bivalves, which are often harvested from wastewater-polluted areas of the sea, can effectively filter out and concentrate the microbial pathogens in the seawater. It can be roughly estimated that annually there are some 4 million cases of infectious hepatitis A and E (HAV/HEV), with some 40 thousand deaths and 40 thousand cases of long-term disability, mainly chronic liver damage, from consuming raw or lightly steamed filter-feeding shellfish/molluscs harvested globally from polluted coastal waters. The total global health impact of the thalassogenic diseases—human infectious diseases associated with pathogenic microorganisms from land-based wastewater pollution of the seas—is estimated to be about 3 million ‘disability-adjusted life years’ (DALY)/year, with an estimated economic loss of some 12 billion dollars per year. Due to the preliminary nature of the estimates in this study it is appropriate to assume that all of the above figures are no more than first approximations and that the true figures may be 50% higher or lower. Nevertheless, it is the author's belief that this study indicates that wastewater pollution of the sea results in a multi-billion dollar per year health burden and that preventing wastewater pollution of the sea is worthy of inclusion on the global agenda of marine pollution prevention and control.

scholarly journals Violations of the law in Hospital Medical Waste Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Marzena Furtak-Niczyporuk
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Temporary Storage ◽  
Hospital Medical ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Medical Waste Management ◽  
The Law

Abstract The production of clinical waste is an inevitable consequence of rendering health services, including hazardous infectious clinical waste containing live pathogenic microorganisms, which can be the potential source of infections and infectious diseases. For this reason, the management of waste collected during rendering health services most of all requires responsibility for the security of both patients and staff on the part of the managers of healthcare-institutions. The results of hospital inspections in the field of clinical-waste management conducted by the Voivodeship Sanitary Inspection in Lublin, which were made available for the purpose of this paper, have shown numerous irregularities concerning the management of hazardous clinical waste. Most of the irregularities involved the condition of premises and the temporary storage of clinical waste.

scholarly journals Health risk assessment of drinking water in correlation with water-related diseasess

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
Mihail Kocubovski ◽  
Aleksandra Stambolieva ◽  
Aneta Kostova ◽  
Elena Chibisheva ◽  
Zarko Karadzovski
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Bacteriological Analysis ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Republic ◽  
City Water

Healthy and safe drinking water in sufficient quantities provided to consumers improves living conditions, raises health culture at a higher level and promotes the environment as a whole. The aim is to see if there is a correlation between irregular water samples with intestinal infectious diseases related to drinking water. Materials and method. The preparation of the Republic Computer Program (1996) for issuing laboratory findings (RCP) from the analyses of samples of drinking water (physico-chemical and bacteriological), in accordance with the methodology for application of ID numbers in the computer system in the Public Health Centers has created the possibility of complete health records of drinking water supply facilities under health surveillance for the territory of the entire Republic. Evaluation has been made of the results of basic physicо-chemical and bacteriological analyses of drinking water in the settlements of the Republic of North Macedonia and the water-related diseases – waterborne intestinal infectious diseases in the period 2014-2018. Results. Drinking water from city water supply in the examined period in terms of physico-chemical analysis ranged 2.9-4.3%, while in relation to bacteriological analysis 0.9-2.6%.. Waterborne intestinal infectious diseases show a decline in their incidence in 2018. Conclusion. The registered data from the physicо-chemical and bacteriological analysis showed that the drinking water from the city water supply systems in the period 2014-2018 was safe. According to the processed data, access to safe drinking water for the population was 97% by 2018, which ranks the country in the group of countries in the world with the highest access to safe drinking water, and there is no significant connection with drinking water related diseases.

scholarly journals A model for prediction of microbial disease burden of water supply options in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Feroze Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Rural Bangladesh

Infectious diseases caused by microbial pathogens are most common and widespread health risks are associated with drinking water. This paper presents a model for prediction of disease burden for ingestion of microbial pathogens through drinking water in rural Bangladesh. The concentration of indicator organisms (Thermotolerant coliform or Escherichia coli) in cfu/100ml were taken as input in the model and estimated disease burden in ?DALYs with some relevant statistical parameters are obtained as output. The model has been found useful in quantifying relative disease burden of microbial pathogens, comparing safety of different water supply options and delineating the interventions needed to reduce disease burden from drinking water. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v4i1.22759 Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.4(1) 2014: 31-36

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