scholarly journals Complement-fixing antibody titers to varicella-zoster virus in non-immunocompromised patients with herpes zoster. Relationships to the severity of skin lesions and to the duration of treatment with nerve block.

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 506-514
Author(s):  
Kazuo HIGA ◽  
Haruhiko MANABE ◽  
Banri NODA ◽  
Kenjiro DAN
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Nerve Block ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Antibody Titers

scholarly journals Varicella Zoster Virus-Associated Meningitis as a Rebound Varicella Zoster Disease after Antiviral Discontinuation

2021 ◽  
pp. 148-153
Author(s):  
Tetsuko Sato ◽  
Takenobu Yamamoto ◽  
Yumi Aoyama
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Immunosuppressive Therapy ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Aggressive Treatment ◽  
Varicella Zoster

Varicella zoster virus (VZV)-associated meningitis is usually progressive and can be fatal, and early diagnosis and aggressive treatment with intravenous antivirals such as acyclovir (ACV) are required in immunocompromised patients. Patients receiving corticosteroids and immunosuppressive therapy have a significantly higher risk of VZV-associated meningitis. In this report, we describe an unusual case of herpes zoster (HZ) in a young woman who was first diagnosed during tapering of prednisone for dermatomyositis. The skin lesions affected the left L2 and L3 dermatomes, which is unusual in VZV-associated meningitis. Despite showing a good rapid response to antivirals, she developed VZV-associated meningitis immediately after discontinuation of ACV. This phenomenon is often called rebound VZV reactivation disease and occurs after discontinuation of antivirals. This case was notable in that the affected dermatomes were distant from the cranial nerves. Thus, progression of HZ to VZV reactivation-associated meningitis can occur even in appropriately treated HZ patients. Continuation of antivirals beyond 1 week in patients on immunosuppressive therapy may be associated with a decreased risk of severe rebound VZV disease, such as VZV-associated meningitis.

scholarly journals Age-Associated Differences in Infection of Human Skin in the SCID Mouse Model of Varicella-Zoster Virus Pathogenesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh Zerboni ◽  
Phillip Sung ◽  
Gordon Lee ◽  
Ann Arvin
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Type I ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Adult Skin

ABSTRACTVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) is the skin-tropic human alphaherpesvirus responsible for both varicella-zoster and herpes zoster. Varicella-zoster and herpes zoster skin lesions have similar morphologies, but herpes zoster occurs disproportionally in older individuals and is often associated with a more extensive local rash and severe zoster-related neuralgia. We hypothesized that skin aging could also influence the outcome of the anterograde axonal transport of VZV to skin. We utilized human skin xenografts maintained in immunodeficient (SCID) mice to study VZV-induced skin pathologyin vivoin fetal and adult skin xenografts. Here we found that VZV replication is enhanced in skin from older compared to younger adults, correlating with clinical observations. In addition to measures of VZV infection, we examined the expression of type I interferon (IFN) pathway components in adult skin and investigated elements of the cutaneous proliferative and inflammatory response to VZV infectionin vivo. Our results demonstrated that VZV infection of adult skin triggers intrinsic IFN-mediated responses such as we have described in VZV-infected fetal skin xenografts, including MxA as well as promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML), in skin cells surrounding lesions. Further, we observed that VZV elicited altered cell signaling and proliferative and inflammatory responses that are involved in wound healing, driven by follicular stem cells. These cellular changes are consistent with VZV-induced activation of STAT3 and suggest that VZV exploits the wound healing process to ensure efficient delivery of the virus to keratinocytes. Adult skin xenografts offer an approach to further investigate VZV-induced skin pathologiesin vivo.IMPORTANCEVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) is the agent responsible for both varicella-zoster and herpes zoster. Herpes zoster occurs disproportionally in older individuals and is often associated with a more extensive local rash and severe zoster-related neuralgia. To examine the effect of skin aging on VZV skin lesions, we utilized fetal and adult human skin xenografts maintained in immunodeficient (SCID) mice. We measured VZV-induced skin pathology, examined the expression of type I interferon (IFN) pathway components in adult skin, and investigated elements of the cutaneous proliferative and inflammatory response to VZV infectionin vivo. Our results demonstrate that characteristics of aging skin are preserved in xenografts; that VZV replication is enhanced in skin from older compared to younger adults, correlating with clinical observations; and that VZV infection elicits altered cell signaling and inflammatory responses. Adult skin xenografts offer an approach to further investigate VZV-induced skin pathologiesin vivo.

Chronic Chest Wall Pain in Postherpetic Neuralgia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth D. Candido ◽  
Teresa M. Kusper ◽  
Nebojsa Nick Knezevic
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Chest Wall ◽  
Postherpetic Neuralgia ◽  
Early Treatment ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Sensory Disturbances

Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a debilitating condition that frequently arises after herpes zoster (HZ) caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It is characterized by severe neuropathic pain and sensory disturbances persisting after the resolution of characteristic vesicular skin lesions. Most commonly affected are the thoracic dermatomes. Trigeminal (V1), cervical, and lumbar nerves are other frequently affected sites. Early treatment shortens the duration of acute HZ and may prevent the onset of PHN. A variety of modalities are utilized to treat PHN, including chemical compounds, interventional pain techniques, and neuromodulation. HZ vaccine is recommended for individuals more than 60 years old, and it is currently the best method of averting HZ and consequent progression to PHN.

scholarly journals Herpes Zoster in an Immunocompetent Child without a History of Varicella

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-167
Author(s):  
Bing-Shiau Shang ◽  
Cheng-Jui Jamie Hung ◽  
Ko-Huang Lue
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Subclinical Infection ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Immunocompetent Child ◽  
History Of ◽  
Skin Pain

Herpes zoster is a relatively rare infectious disease in the pediatric population, as compared with adults, which is due to the reactivation of latent Varicella−Zoster virus. We report a 7-year-old child without any history of varicella, who first experienced skin pain and later presented skin lesions in dermatomal distribution. Finally, the patient was diagnosed with herpes zoster. We aim to emphasize that herpes zoster could occur in immunocompetent children and may be due to the reactivation of the vaccine strain or previous subclinical infection.

Blistering Rash

2018 ◽  
pp. 240-243
Author(s):  
Ashley Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Postherpetic Neuralgia ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Stevens Johnson Syndrome ◽  
Previous Exposure ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Johnson Syndrome

This case reviews an eruption of herpes zoster (shingles) in an inpatient. It examines the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and treatment of this condition. Herpes zoster is an acute, painful vesiculobullous eruption that is seen most commonly in older adults in the setting of previous exposure to varicella zoster virus. Classic features include painful vesicles on well-defined erythema, typically confined to a single dermatome. Initiation of antiviral therapy within 72 hours of the onset of skin lesions is given to reduce the duration of the eruption and decrease the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia. This case will also review how herpes zoster differs from other cutaneous eruptions that may look similar, such as herpes simplex or Stevens Johnson syndrome.

scholarly journals A Rare Case of an Immunocompetent Male With Zoster Meningitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 232470962095221
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ali Faluk ◽  
Shraddhadevi Makadia ◽  
Ramy Abdelmaseih ◽  
S. Mustajab Hasan ◽  
Khalid Abusaada
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus Infection ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Immunocompetent Patients ◽  
Uncommon Complication

Varicella zoster meningitis is an uncommon complication of herpes zoster, especially in immunocompetent patients. We report a case of a healthy 45-year-old male who developed aseptic meningitis as a result of reactivated varicella zoster virus infection. This case highlights the importance of remaining cognizant of varicella zoster virus as a cause of meningitis in not only the elderly or immunocompromised patients but also in patients who are healthy.

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