scholarly journals Impacts of Urban Agriculture on the Determinants of Health: Scoping Review Protocol (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Paul Audate ◽  
Melissa A Fernandez ◽  
Geneviève Cloutier ◽  
Alexandre Lebel
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Wide Range

BACKGROUND Since the 1990s, urban agriculture (UA) has contributed to improving food security in low- and middle- income countries. Now, it is implemented as a multifunctional intervention that can influence various determinants of health (eg, food security, social relationships). Studies of interest stem from several research disciplines, use a wide range of methods, and show results that are sometimes inconsistent. Current studies have not summarized the overall effects of UA on health and its determinants. OBJECTIVE The objective of this protocol is to develop a research strategy for a scoping review that characterizes studies of beneficial and adverse impacts of UA on health and its determinants in a wide range of disciplines. METHODS Initially, with the help of a library specialist, a list of publications will be obtained through a systematic search of seven electronic bibliographic databases: PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE (Embase), CINAHL Plus with full text, Academic Search Premier (EBSCO host), CAB Abstract (Ovid), and Web of Science. Secondly, a three-step screening by two independent reviewers will lead to a list of relevant publications that meet eligibility and inclusion criteria. Finally, data on the bibliography, type of participants, type of study, results of study, and countries will be extracted from included articles and analyzed to be presented in a peer-reviewed article. RESULTS The findings are expected to identify research gaps that will inform needs for UA research in specific fields (eg, mental health), among certain population groups (eg, adults) or within different economic contexts (eg, low-, middle-, or high-income countries). Furthermore, the findings are expected to identify knowledge gaps and direct future research needs. CONCLUSIONS This is an original study that seeks to integrate beneficial and adverse effects of UA on health at different level of influence (individuals, households, and community) in order to facilitate a better understanding of UA impacts. This protocol is a first of its kind and is expected to lead to a characterization of UA impacts based on sociodemographic profiles of participants and income levels of the studied countries. This will be relevant for policy makers and UA practitioners.

scholarly journals Adolescent undernutrition in South Asia: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Sara Estecha Querol ◽  
Paramjit Gill ◽  
Romaina Iqbal ◽  
Maartje Kletter ◽  
Neslihan Ozdemir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Intervention Component ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Undernutrition is a growing public health challenge affecting growth and development during adolescence in many low- and middle-income countries. This scoping review maps the evidence on adolescent undernutrition (stunting, thinness and micronutrient deficiencies) in South Asia and highlights gaps in knowledge. Using Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ Manual, the search included electronic bibliographic databases (Medline (OVID), Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Scopus) as well as various grey literature sources published up to March 2019. In total, 131 publications met the inclusion criteria of this review. All the included evidence used quantitative data and 115 publications used a cross-sectional design. Nearly 70% (n=86) of the included publications were conducted in India. Prevalence of undernutrition was reported based on different growth references and cut-offs. Evidence is divided into publications that included an intervention component (n=12) and publications that did not include an intervention component (n=116), and presented in a narrative synthesis. This scoping review provides a wide range of publications on adolescent undernutrition in South Asia and identifies future research priorities in the field.

scholarly journals Applied sport science and medicine of women’s rugby codes: a systematic-scoping review and consensus on future research priorities protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e001108
Author(s):  
Omar Heyward ◽  
Stacey Emmonds ◽  
Gregory Roe ◽  
Sean Scantlebury ◽  
Keith Stokes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Consensus Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Delphi Consensus ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
Sport Science ◽  
Priority Areas ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scoping Reviews

Women’s rugby (rugby league, rugby union and rugby sevens) has recently grown in participation and professionalisation. There is under-representation of women-only cohorts within applied sport science and medicine research and within the women’s rugby evidence base. The aims of this article are: Part 1: to undertake a systematic-scoping review of the applied sport science and medicine of women’s rugby, and Part 2: to develop a consensus statement on future research priorities. This article will be designed in two parts: Part 1: a systematic-scoping review, and Part 2: a three-round Delphi consensus method. For Part 1, systematic searches of three electronic databases (PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, SPORTDiscus (EBSCOhost)) will be performed from the earliest record. These databases will be searched to identify any sport science and medicine themed studies within women’s rugby. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews will be adhered to. Part 2 involves a three-round Delphi consensus method to identify future research priorities. Identified experts in women’s rugby will be provided with overall findings from Part 1 to inform decision-making. Participants will then be asked to provide a list of research priority areas. Over the three rounds, priority areas achieving consensus (≥70% agreement) will be identified. This study has received institutional ethical approval. When complete, the manuscript will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. The findings of this article will have relevance for a wide range of stakeholders in women’s rugby, including policymakers and governing bodies.

Applications of 3D printing in critical care medicine: A scoping review

2021 ◽  
pp. 0310057X2097665
Author(s):  
Natasha Abeysekera ◽  
Kirsty A Whitmore ◽  
Ashvini Abeysekera ◽  
George Pang ◽  
Kevin B Laupland
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Critical Care Medicine ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dimensional Printing

Although a wide range of medical applications for three-dimensional printing technology have been recognised, little has been described about its utility in critical care medicine. The aim of this review was to identify three-dimensional printing applications related to critical care practice. A scoping review of the literature was conducted via a systematic search of three databases. A priori specified themes included airway management, procedural support, and simulation and medical education. The search identified 1544 articles, of which 65 were included. Ranging across many applications, most were published since 2016 in non – critical care discipline-specific journals. Most studies related to the application of three-dimensional printed models of simulation and reported good fidelity; however, several studies reported that the models poorly represented human tissue characteristics. Randomised controlled trials found some models were equivalent to commercial airway-related skills trainers. Several studies relating to the use of three-dimensional printing model simulations for spinal and neuraxial procedures reported a high degree of realism, including ultrasonography applications three-dimensional printing technologies. This scoping review identified several novel applications for three-dimensional printing in critical care medicine. Three-dimensional printing technologies have been under-utilised in critical care and provide opportunities for future research.

Virtual Reality in Medical Students’ Education: A Scoping Review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haowen Jiang ◽  
Sunitha Vimalesvaran ◽  
Jeremy King Wang ◽  
Kee Boon Lim ◽  
Sreenivasulu Reddy Mogali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychomotor Skills ◽  
Group Setting

BACKGROUND Virtual reality (VR) is a digital education modality that produces a virtual manifestation of the real world and it has been increasingly used in medical education. As VR encompasses different modalities, tools and applications, there is a need to explore how VR has been employed in medical education. OBJECTIVE The objective of this scoping review is to map existing research on the use of VR in undergraduate medical education and to identify areas of future research METHODS We performed a search of 4 bibliographic databases in December 2020, with data extracted using a standardized data extraction form. The data was narratively synthesized and reported in line with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. RESULTS Of 114 included studies, 69 studies (61%) reported the use of commercially available surgical VR simulators. Other VR modalities included 3D models (15 [14%]) and virtual worlds (20 [18%]), mainly used for anatomy education. Most of the VR modalities included were semi-immersive (68 [60%]) and of high interactivity (79 [70%]). There is limited evidence on the use of more novel VR modalities such as mobile VR and virtual dissection tables (8 [7%]), as well as the use of VR for training of non-surgical and non-psychomotor skills (20 [18%]) or in group setting (16 [14%]). Only 3 studies reported the use conceptual frameworks or theories in the design of VR. CONCLUSIONS Despite extensive research available on VR in medical education, there continues to be important gaps in the evidence. Future studies should explore the use of VR for the development of non-psychomotor skills and in areas other than surgery and anatomy.

scholarly journals Helping auditors identify deception through psycholinguistics

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 1062-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Nicolaides ◽  
Richard Trafford ◽  
Russell Craig
Keyword(s):  
Oral Language ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fraud Risk ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Wide Range

Purpose This paper reviews an array of psycholinguistic techniques that auditors can deploy to explore written and oral language for signs of deception. The review is drawn upon to propose some elements of a forward research agenda. Design/methodology/approach Relevant literature across several disciplines is identified through keyword searches of major bibliographic databases. Findings The techniques highlighted have considerable potential for use by auditors to identify audit contexts which merit closer audit investigation. However, the techniques need further contextual empirical investigation in audit contexts. Seven specific propositions are presented for empirical testing. Originality/value This paper assembles literature on deceptive communication from a wide range of disciplines and relates it to the audit context. Auditors’ attention is directed to potential linguistic signals of fraud risk, and opportunities for future research are suggested. The paper is consciousness-raising, has pedagogic purpose and suggests critical elements for a future research agenda.

scholarly journals Much research, but little learned to date: A scoping review on mental health of health workers in low- and lower-middle income countries and roadmap for future research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Lohmann ◽  
Denny John ◽  
Aso Dzay
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

Abstract BackgroundSARS-CoV-2 has resulted in unprecedented research efforts on health workers’ work realities and their potential mental health impacts. To understand the latter, high-quality evidence on the baseline situation is paramount. With the aim of providing a comprehensive overview of existing evidence and to inform future research, we undertook a scoping review of the quantitative literature on mental health and psychological wellbeing of clinical skilled healthcare personnel working in all settings of care in low- and lower-middle income countries (LLMIC).MethodsWe performed a systematic search of the literature up to the end of 2019, in English or French language, in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Global Health, and CAIRN. We included both studies estimating levels of mental health and studies investigating associations with other factors. We extracted data on study characteristics and methodology, and assessed the methodological quality of the included studies along nine criteria.ResultsWe found 143 relevant studies, 135 including data on mental health levels and 126 including data on associations with other factors. The studies covered 26 of the world’s 78 LLMICs, with most studies conducted in India, Nigeria, Pakistan, or Egypt, in urban secondary- and tertiary-care settings. 67% of studies assessed burnout, 25% general psychological wellbeing, and 20% other mental health outcomes. Only 19% of studies were of high quality due to shortcomings particularly in regards to sample representativeness, context-specific measurement tool validity, and reporting of methodological detail. We found much heterogeneity in investigated associated factors. Studies focused almost exclusively on potential determinants of mental health, while none linked mental health to objectively measured performance outcomes.ConclusionWe conclude that despite its impressive size, we can learn comparatively little from the current body of literature. Based on our findings, we outline areas for expansion, methodological improvement, and standardization of reporting in future research on mental health of health workers.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO no. CRD42019140036

scholarly journals Scoping review of the impacts of urban agriculture on the determinants of health

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Paul Audate ◽  
Melissa A. Fernandez ◽  
Geneviève Cloutier ◽  
Alexandre Lebel
Keyword(s):  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Determinants Of Health

scholarly journals Primary healthcare system performance in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review of the evidence from 2010 to 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 8) ◽  
pp. e001551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asaf Bitton ◽  
Jocelyn Fifield ◽  
Hannah Ratcliffe ◽  
Ami Karlage ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Topic Area ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Middle Income Countries

IntroductionThe 2018 Astana Declaration reaffirmed global commitment to primary healthcare (PHC) as a core strategy to achieve universal health coverage. To meet this potential, PHC in low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC) needs to be strengthened, but research is lacking and fragmented. We conducted a scoping review of the recent literature to assess the state of research on PHC in LMIC and understand where future research is most needed.MethodsGuided by the Primary Healthcare Performance Initiative (PHCPI) conceptual framework, we conducted searches of the peer-reviewed literature on PHC in LMIC published between 2010 (the publication year of the last major review of PHC in LMIC) and 2017. We also conducted country-specific searches to understand performance trajectories in 14 high-performing countries identified in the previous review. Evidence highlights and gaps for each topic area of the PHCPI framework were extracted and summarised.ResultsWe retrieved 5219 articles, 207 of which met final inclusion criteria. Many PHC system inputs such as payment and workforce are well-studied. A number of emerging service delivery innovations have early evidence of success but lack evidence for how to scale more broadly. Community-based PHC systems with supportive governmental policies and financing structures (public and private) consistently promote better outcomes and equity. Among the 14 highlighted countries, most maintained or improved progress in the scope of services, quality, access and financial coverage of PHC during the review time period.ConclusionOur findings revealed a heterogeneous focus of recent literature, with ample evidence for effective PHC policies, payment and other system inputs. More variability was seen in key areas of service delivery, underscoring a need for greater emphasis on implementation science and intervention testing. Future evaluations are needed on PHC system capacities and orientation toward social accountability, innovation, management and population health in order to achieve the promise of PHC.

scholarly journals A Review on Machine and Deep Learning for Semiconductor Defect Classification in Scanning Electron Microscope Images

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9508
Author(s):  
Francisco López de la Rosa ◽  
Roberto Sánchez-Reolid ◽  
José L. Gómez-Sirvent ◽  
Rafael Morales ◽  
Antonio Fernández-Caballero
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Defect Detection ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Semiconductor Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scanning Electron

Continued advances in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) present new opportunities for use in a wide range of applications. One prominent application of these technologies is defect detection and classification in the manufacturing industry in order to minimise costs and ensure customer satisfaction. Specifically, this scoping review focuses on inspection operations in the semiconductor manufacturing industry where different ML and DL techniques and configurations have been used for defect detection and classification. Inspection operations have traditionally been carried out by specialised personnel in charge of visually judging the images obtained with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). This scoping review focuses on inspection operations in the semiconductor manufacturing industry where different ML and DL methods have been used to detect and classify defects in SEM images. We also include the performance results of the different techniques and configurations described in the articles found. A thorough comparison of these results will help us to find the best solutions for future research related to the subject.

scholarly journals What Is the Evidence Base Linking Gender with Access to Forests and Use of Forest Resources for Food Security in Low- and Middle-Income Countries? A Systematic Evidence Map

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1096
Author(s):  
Ngolia Kimanzu ◽  
Björn Schulte-Herbrüggen ◽  
Jessica Clendenning ◽  
Linley Chiwona-Karltun ◽  
Kyla Krogseng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
International Development ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Evidence Map ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Forest Use

In nearly all parts of the world, an important part of people’s livelihood is derived from natural resources. Gender is considered one of the most important determinants of access and control over forests. It is thought that women and men within households and communities have different opportunities and different roles and responsibilities in relation to forest use. It is probable that when women have equal access to forests, better food security outcomes can be achieved for individuals and households that are dependent on forests for their livelihoods. A systematic evidence map of the evidence base linking gender with access to forests and use of forest resources for food security was undertaken. Ten bibliographic databases and 22 websites of international development and conservation organisations were searched using keywords suggested by stakeholders. Other articles were found by emailing authors and organisations to send potentially relevant publications. 19,500 articles were retrieved from bibliographic databases and 1281 from other sources. After iterative screening, 77 studies were included: 41 focussed on Africa, 22 on Asia, 12 on Latin America, 2 were global. Most indicators of food security measure access to food, measured by total consumption, expenditure, or income. Studies showed strong gender specialisation: commercial access and utilisation of forests and forest products dominated by men, whereas access for subsistence and household consumption is almost exclusively the task of women. Despite the large number of studies reviewed, limitations of the evidence base, including methodological heterogeneity, a dominance of case studies as the study design, and unequal geographical representation in study locations, make it difficult to generalise about the overall importance of gender and its effect on access to and use of forests for food security in developing countries. The critical gaps in the evidence base include geographical representation in primary research and a greater breadth of study designs to assess gender implications of access to forest resources globally.

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