Caregivers’ practices according to ADLs: Evidence from Facebook support groups for Alzheimer and dementia care (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Bachmann ◽  
Jan Hruška
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Latent Dirichlet Allocation ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Individual

BACKGROUND As the social media (SM) support groups provide a communication platform for caregivers to share experiences, examples of effective and ineffective care, asking questions, recommending new approaches, or venting their needs, there is still little documented on how SM can help to obtain a true picture of the caregiver burden according to activities of daily living (ADLs). OBJECTIVE The study aims to identify the real-life practice of family caregivers looking after people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The image of caregivers’ actual practice is determined on the basis of their experience, needs, emotions, or examples of the behavior of people with AD found on social networks. METHODS We collected a sample of 1603 posts relevant to basic activities of daily living (ADLs) which were published in two Facebook support groups related to AD. In the next step, conversation topics were identified separately for each of the six basic categories of ADLs. This was done using the topic extractor based on the simple parallel threaded implementation of Latent Dirichlet allocation with sparse LDA sampling scheme and data structure. RESULTS From the quantitative point, the study provides knowledge about the proportions of members’ interest in the individual areas of ADLs. From the qualitative point, machine learning automatically detected five discussion topics for each activity. At the same time, for each of the topics, real-life examples from the day-to-day experience of family caregivers are given. In terms of the members’ interests, statistically significant differences were found between the drinking and feeding activity and three other daily activities. Moreover, a qualitative analysis showed several causal links between the individual topics discussed within the areas of ADLs. CONCLUSIONS The acquired knowledge can help further research focus on the most problematic areas relevant for people with AD in order to increase their quality of life and at the same time reduce the caregiver burden. The study expands the knowledge of the demands posed by the individual caregiver activities, specifically in the context of activity-based costing or time-based activity costing. At the same time, it can serve as a basis for identifying the needs of caregivers in the field of innovative development or the implementation of online counseling on social networks. CLINICALTRIAL Not applicable.

The Patterns of Caregiving Activities for Family Caregivers of Older Adults in Hong Kong: An Exploratory Latent Class Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Huang ◽  
Pui Hing Chau ◽  
Edmond Pui Hang Choi ◽  
Bei Wu ◽  
Vivian W Q Lou
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
High Demand

Abstract Objectives This study identified the classes (i.e., patterns) of caregivers’ activities, based on their engagements in caregiving activities, and explored the characteristics and the caregiver burden of these classes. Methods This study was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey on the profiles of family caregivers of older adults in Hong Kong. A latent class analysis approach was adopted to classify family caregivers (N = 932) according to their routine involvements in 17 daily caregiving activities: 6 activities of daily living (ADLs) and 8 instrumental activities of daily living activities (IADLs) in addition to emotional support, decision making, and financial support. Multinomial logistic regression and multiple linear regression illuminated the characteristics of the classes and compared their levels of caregiver burden. Results The family caregivers fell into 5 classes: All-Round Care (High Demand, 19.5%), All-Round Care (Moderate Demand, 8.2%), Predominant IADLs Care (High Demand, 23.8%), Predominant IADLs Care (Moderate Demand, 32.5%), and Minimal ADLs and IADLs Care (Low Demand, 16.0%). These classes exhibited different characteristics in terms of care recipients’ cognitive statuses and caregiver backgrounds. The levels of caregiver burden differed across classes; the All-Round Care (High Demand) class experienced the highest levels of caregiver burden. Discussion This study contributes to existing scholarship by turning away from a predefined category of care tasks to explore the patterns of caregiving activities. By identifying caregiving activity patterns and understanding their associated characteristics and caregiver burden, prioritizing and targeting caregiver support interventions better is possible.

scholarly journals The Patterns of Caregiving Activities for Family Caregivers of Older Adults: A Latent Class Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 355-355
Author(s):  
Jing Huang ◽  
Pui Hing Chau ◽  
Edmond Pui Hang Choi ◽  
Bei Wu ◽  
Vivian Lou
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Class I ◽  
Care Recipients

Abstract The purposes of this study were to identify the patterns of caregiving activities among family caregivers in Hong Kong and to examine their associations with characteristic factors and caregiver burden. The data was from the cross-sectional survey on the profiles of family caregivers of older adults in Hong Kong. 932 family caregivers were classified into different classes by using the Latent class analysis (LCA) according to their engagements in the 17 daily caregiving activities: 6 activities of daily living (ADLs), 8 instrumental activities of daily living activities (IADLs), emotional support, decision-making, and financial support. Five classes were revealed and labeled “Total All-round Caregiving” (Class I: 19.5%), “Partial All-round Caregiving” (Class II: 8.2%), “ADLs Free Caregiving” (Class III: 23.8%), “ADLs & Partial IADLs Free Caregiving” (Class IV: 32.5%), “Financial Caregiving” (Class V: 16.0%), respectively. Results from multinomial logistic regression found that the following factors were associated with the class membership: care recipients’ age, medical diagnoses, and caregivers’ gender, job status, marital status, self-rated economic status, living with care recipients, and caring for ≥40 hours per week. Findings from multiple linear regression showed caregivers with different patterns of caregiving activities reported different levels of caregiver burden. Caregivers in Class I have been found with the highest caregiver burden. This is the first study that has applied LCA to capture the patterns of caregiving activities among family caregivers. Identification of caregiving activity patterns and examination of their characteristics and caregiver burden can help healthcare providers to shift to prioritized and targeted caregiver support.

scholarly journals Impacts of stroke and cognitive impairment on activities of daily living in the Taiwan longitudinal study on aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pi-Hsia Lee ◽  
Ting-Ting Yeh ◽  
Hsin-Yen Yen ◽  
Wan-Ling Hsu ◽  
Valeria Jia-Yi Chiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Skill Training ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Stroke Group ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

AbstractStroke and cognitive impairment are common in older population. They often occur together and their combined effects significantly increase disability in both basic (BADLs) and instrumental (IADLs) activities of daily living. We investigated the individual and combined impacts of stroke and cognitive impairment on BADLs and IADLs. A total of 3331 community-dwelling older adults were enrolled from the Taiwan longitudinal study on aging in 2011. Both BADLs and IADLs were analyzed. Combination of stroke and cognitive impairment increased severity of ADL disabilities, but similar prevalence, similar numbers of summed BADL and IADL tasks with disability, and similar levels of difficulty for each BADL and IADL task were found between the stroke group and cognitive impairment group. The former had more difficult in dressing while the latter had more difficult in using the telephone, transport, and managing finances. A hierarchy of ADLs was also observed in all groups. ADL skill training supplemented with cognitive and physical interventions should focus on secondary prevention of dementia and improve motor functional capacity to reduce loss of ADLs.

The Relationship between Engagement in Occupations and Pressure Sore Development in Saudi Men with Paraplegia

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Cutajar ◽  
Anne Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Pressure Sore ◽  
Pressure Sores ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Occupational Activities ◽  
The Individual

Various research studies have explored the factors that predispose people with spinal cord injuries to pressure sore development. Two hundred risk factors have been associated with pressure sore occurrence. One of the variables commonly reported to affect pressure sore occurrence is a decreased level of activity (Vidal and Sarrias 1991, Fuhrer et al 1993). This concurs with the philosophy of occupational therapy that a reduction in activity can generate pathology (Miller et al 1988). This research study investigated whether decreased participation in occupational activities (work, leisure and activities of daily living) was related to pressure sore occurrence in paraplegic men. The sample was selected randomly from the occupational therapy discharge files of a rehabilitation facility in Saudi Arabia. The data were collected by means of a telephone questionnaire from a total of 58 men, over a 3-month period. The study showed that there was a large increase in unemployment in paraplegic men following injury (from 10% to 59%) and, as might be expected, manual workers were more vulnerable than office workers. The study found no significant association between pressure sore occurrence and whether or not the individual was employed. However, it showed a statistically significant association between unemployment and pressure sores severe enough to lead to hospitalisation. The study also found a statistically significant association between individuals' independence in activities of daily living and the number of pressure sores that they had reported in the last 2 years. These findings indicate the potential importance of clients remaining occupationally active for their wellbeing and the significant contribution that occupational therapists can make by enabling rehabilitation of occupational activities.

scholarly journals Edge Computing-Based Self-Organized Device Network for Awareness Activities of Daily Living in the Home

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2475
Author(s):  
Seong Su Keum ◽  
Yu Jin Park ◽  
Soon Ju Kang
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Self Organized

Activities of daily living (ADL) are important indicators for awareness of brain health in the elderly, and hospitals use ADL as a standard test for diagnosing chronic brain diseases such as dementia. However, since it is difficult to judge real-life ADL in hospitals, doctors typically predict ADL ability through interviews with patients or accompanying caregivers. Recently, many studies have attempted to diagnose accurate brain health by collecting and analyzing the real-life ADL of patients in their living environments. However, most of these were conducted by constructing and implementing expensive smart homes with the concept of centralized computing, and ADL data were collected from simple data about patients’ home appliance usage and the surrounding environment. Despite the high cost of building a smart home, the collected ADL data are inadequate for predicting accurate brain health. In this study, we developed and used three types of portable devices (wearable, tag, and stationary) that can be easily installed and operated in typical existing houses. We propose a self-organized device network structure based on edge computing that can perform user perception, location perception, and behavioral perception simultaneously. This approach enables us to collect user activity data, analyze ADL in real-time to determine if the user’s behavior was successful or abnormal, and record the physical ability of the user to move between fixed spaces. The characteristics of this proposed system enable us to distinguish patients from other family members and provide real-time notifications after a forgetful or mistaken action. We implemented devices that constitute the edge network of the smart home scenario and evaluated the performance of this system to verify its usefulness.

Family caregivers' experience of activities of daily living handling in older adult with stroke: a qualitative research in the Iranian context

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Hesamzadeh ◽  
Asghar Dalvandi ◽  
Sadat Bagher Maddah ◽  
Masoud Fallahi Khoshknab ◽  
Fazlollah Ahmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Iranian Context

scholarly journals Caregiver Burden in Semantic Dementia with Right- and Left-Sided Predominant Cerebral Atrophy and in Behavioral-Variant Frontotemporal Dementia

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asuka Koyama ◽  
Mamoru Hashimoto ◽  
Ryuji Fukuhara ◽  
Naoko Ichimi ◽  
Akihiro Takasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Cerebral Atrophy ◽  
Japanese Version ◽  
Semantic Dementia ◽  
Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Caregiver burden is a serious concern for family caregivers of dementia patients, but its nature is unclear in patients with semantic dementia (SD). This study aimed to clarify caregiver burden for right- (R > L) and left-sided (L > R) predominant SD versus behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) patients. Methods: Using the Japanese version of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, we examined caregiver burden and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in 43 first-visit outpatient/family caregiver dyads (bvFTD, 20 dyads; SD [L > R], 13 dyads; SD [R > L], 10 dyads). Results: We found a significant difference in ZBI score between the 3 diagnostic groups. Post hoc tests revealed a significantly higher ZBI score in the bvFTD than in the SD (L > R) group. The ZBI scores in the SD (L > R) and SD (R > L) groups were not significantly different, although the effect size was large. Caregiver burden was significantly correlated with BPSD scores in all groups and was correlated with activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living decline in the bvFTD and SD (R > L) groups. Conclusion: Caregiver burden was highest in the bvFTD group, comparatively high in the SD (R > L) group, and lowest in the SD (L > R) group. Adequate support and intervention for caregivers should be tailored to differences in caregiver burden between these patient groups.

scholarly journals Family accommodation in hoarding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Vorstenbosch
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Relationship Conflict ◽  
Interpersonal Processes ◽  
Family Accommodation ◽  
The Individual

Hoarding, which includes the excessive acquisition of, and inability to discard, numerous possessions, is a debilitating mental health condition and is associated with significant family dysfunction and burden on family members. Currently, little is known about the effect that family members have on individuals‟ hoarding symptomatology and functioning, and vice versa. Thus, the present study examined the nature and frequency of family accommodation (i.e., the process by which family members participate in hoarding symptoms or modify personal and family routines in response to an individual‟s symptoms; Calvocoressi, Mazure, Stanislav, et al., 1999), in 52 individuals with self-reported hoarding problems and their close significant others (CSOs; i.e., intimate partner or family member). Participants completed the Family Accommodation Interview for Hoarding (FAI-H), which is an 11-item clinician-rated interview that was adapted from a previously validated measure for this study, and a series of self-report questionnaires. The FAI-H was found to be a valid and reliable assessment of accommodation in this hoarding sample. Most CSOs reported engaging in at least some accommodating behaviours; however, CSOs who lived with the individual with the hoarding problem engaged in accommodating behaviours more frequently than those who did not live with the individual with the hoarding problem. More than half of the CSOs endorsed hoarding participant-driven, as well as personally-driven motivations for engaging in accommodating behaviours, and believed that their accommodating behaviours were reasonable or helpful for both the individual with the hoarding problem and themselves. Family accommodation was positively associated with hoarding symptom severity, relationship conflict, CSOs‟ rejecting attitudes toward the individual with hoarding problems, relationship problems, impairment in activities of daily living, and hoarding participant-rated anger. Family accommodation partially mediated the association between hoarding symptom severity and relationship conflict, averaging across hoarding participants and CSOs, and between hoarding symptom severity and impairment in activities of daily living for individuals with hoarding problems, but not CSOs. Results of the present study further elucidate the role of accommodation in hoarding, and increase our understanding of the interpersonal processes that may play an important role in problematic hoarding.

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