Towards successful implementation of artificial intelligence in healthcare practice: A research program (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Svedberg ◽  
Julie Reed ◽  
Per Nilsen ◽  
James Barlow ◽  
Carl Macrae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Logic Model ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Advance Theory ◽  
Specific Implementation

BACKGROUND The uptake of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is at an early stage. Recent studies have shown the lack of AI-specific implementation theories, models or frameworks that could provide guidance for how to translate the potential of AI into daily healthcare practices. This protocol provides an outline for the first four years of a research program seeking to address this knowledge-practice gap through collaboration and co-design between researchers, healthcare professionals, patients and industry stakeholders. OBJECTIVE The first part of the program focuses on two specific objectives. First, to build an understanding of implementation of AI in healthcare and to develop a theoretical framework that can facilitate AI implementation in daily healthcare practices. Second, to carry out empirical AI implementation studies guided by the framework for AI implementation, thus generating insights and learning for enhanced knowledge and refinement of the framework. METHODS This research program uses a logic model to structure to the development of a methodological framework for planning and evaluating implementation of AI systems in healthcare and to support capacity building for its use in practice. The logic model is divided into time-separated stages, with a focus on theory driven and co-produced framework development. The activities are based on both knowledge development, utilizing existing theory and literature reviews, and method development by means of co-design and empirical investigations. The activities involve researchers, healthcare professionals and other stakeholders, thus creating a multi-perspective understanding of how the implementation of AI systems should be approached to increase likelihood of successful implementation and application in clinical practice. RESULTS The project is funded by the Swedish Innovation Agency and the Knowledge foundation for a period of 8 years in total starting from July 2021. CONCLUSIONS There is a need to advance theory and empirical evidence on implementation requirements of AI systems in healthcare, and an opportunity to bring together insights from research on the development, introduction and evaluation of AI systems and existing knowledge about implementation research literature. Therefore, we intend in this research program to build an understanding, using both theoretical and empirical approaches, of how implementation of AI systems should be approached to increase the likelihood of successful and widespread application in clinical practice.

The Evolution of Physical Activity on Prescription (FaR) in Sweden

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Surgeon General ◽  
Positive Effects

In 1996, the first Report of the US Surgeon General on Physical Activity and Health provided an extensive knowledge overview about the positive effects of physical activity (PA) on several health outcomes and PA recommendations. This contributed to an enhanced interest for PA in Sweden. The Swedish Professional Associations for Physical Activity (YFA) were appointed to form a Scientific Expert Group in the project “Sweden on the Move” and YFA created the idea of Physical Activity on Prescription (FaR) and the production of a handbook (FYSS) for healthcare professionals. In Swedish primary care, licensed healthcare professionals, i.e. physicians, physiotherapists and nurses, can prescribe PA if they have sufficient knowledge about the patient’s current state of health, how PA can be used for promotion, prevention and treatment and are trained in patient-centred counselling and the FaR method. The prescription is followed individually or by visiting local FaR providers. These include sport associations, patient organisations, municipal facilities, commercial providers such as gyms, sports clubs and walking clubs or other organisations with FaR educated staff such as health promoters or personal trainers. In clinical practice, the FaR method increases the level of PA in primary care patients, at 6 and at 12 months. Self-reported adherence to the prescription was 65% at 6 months, similar to the known compliance for medications. In a randomised controlled trial, FaR significantly improved body composition and reduced metabolic risk factors. It is suggested that a successful implementation of PA in healthcare depends on a combination of a systems approach (socio-ecological model) and the strengthening of individual motivation and capability. General support from policymakers, healthcare leadership and professional associations is important. To lower barriers, tools for implementation and structures for delivery must be readily available. Examples include handbooks such as FYSS, the FaR system and the use of pedometers.

scholarly journals Evaluating the success of the tele-pathology system in governmental hospitals in Kuwait: an explanatory sequential mixed methods design

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Jasem Buabbas ◽  
Tareq Mohammad ◽  
Adel K. Ayed ◽  
Hawraa Mallah ◽  
Hamza Al-Shawaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Support Services ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Technical Support ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
System Quality ◽  
Mixed Methods Design ◽  
Telepathology System

Abstract Background Telepathology is the practice of reviewing and exchanging pathological images through telecommunication systems to obtain diagnoses remotely. Studying the factors that make such a system successful and favourable is important to ensure the merits of its implementation in clinical practice. Objective This study aims to evaluate the success of a telepathology system from the users’ perspectives, using specific evaluation criteria, namely: system quality, information quality, technical service quality, user satisfaction, and benefits. Methods A sequential explanatory mixed methods design was adopted in this study, which consists of two phases. Initially, a questionnaire was distributed via WhatsApp to all of the pathologists (total: 45) working at governmental hospitals in Kuwait. Followed by, semi-structured interviews with ten senior pathologists. Results Forty pathologists responded to the questionnaire, giving an 89% response rate. There were 42.5% of the respondents aged between 35–44 years old, and 52.5% were male. The quantitative results reveal that most of the respondents were satisfied with the quality of the telepathology system with a mean of 2.6025 (Standard Deviation (SD) = 0.47176), whereas they were dissatisfied with the quality of the information with a mean of 2.4100 (SD = 1.580) and the technical support services with a mean of 2.2750 (SD = 0.99535). In addition, there was disagreement on the benefits of telepathology in clinical practice among the pathologists with a mean of 2.4667 (SD = 0.77552). The qualitative results indicate that the lack of interest in and little experience with using the system were behind the general dissatisfaction of most of the respondents. All of the interviewees were satisfied with the performance of the telepathology system and considered it successful; however, the quality of the technical support services, including training workshops, was deemed deficient. Conclusion This study concluded that telepathology system in Kuwait is functioning well and has been successful in its implementation; however, pathologists are dissatisfied with it, mainly due to the deficient quality of the technical support services provided. In addition, the successful implementation of such advanced technologies requires careful steps to be taken on multiple levels: technical, organisational, and managerial. Recommendations were suggested.

scholarly journals Interventional radiology and artificial intelligence in radiology: Is it time to enhance the vision of our medical students?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Auloge ◽  
Julien Garnon ◽  
Joey Marie Robinson ◽  
Sarah Dbouk ◽  
Jean Sibilia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Interventional Radiology ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Large Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clinical Phase ◽  
Preclinical Phase

Abstract Objectives To assess awareness and knowledge of Interventional Radiology (IR) in a large population of medical students in 2019. Methods An anonymous survey was distributed electronically to 9546 medical students from first to sixth year at three European medical schools. The survey contained 14 questions, including two general questions on diagnostic radiology (DR) and artificial intelligence (AI), and 11 on IR. Responses were analyzed for all students and compared between preclinical (PCs) (first to third year) and clinical phase (Cs) (fourth to sixth year) of medical school. Of 9546 students, 1459 students (15.3%) answered the survey. Results On DR questions, 34.8% answered that AI is a threat for radiologists (PCs: 246/725 (33.9%); Cs: 248/734 (36%)) and 91.1% thought that radiology has a future (PCs: 668/725 (92.1%); Cs: 657/734 (89.5%)). On IR questions, 80.8% (1179/1459) students had already heard of IR; 75.7% (1104/1459) stated that their knowledge of IR wasn’t as good as the other specialties and 80% would like more lectures on IR. Finally, 24.2% (353/1459) indicated an interest in a career in IR with a majority of women in preclinical phase, but this trend reverses in clinical phase. Conclusions Development of new technology supporting advances in artificial intelligence will likely continue to change the landscape of radiology; however, medical students remain confident in the need for specialty-trained human physicians in the future of radiology as a clinical practice. A large majority of medical students would like more information about IR in their medical curriculum; almost a quarter of students would be interested in a career in IR.

scholarly journals How can artificial intelligence models assist PD-L1 expression scoring in breast cancer: results of multi-institutional ring studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinran Wang ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Hong Bu ◽  
Ningning Zhang ◽  
Meng Yue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Current Guideline ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Programmed Death ◽  
Intelligence Models ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Models ◽  
Scoring Accuracy

AbstractProgrammed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression is a key biomarker to screen patients for PD-1/PD-L1-targeted immunotherapy. However, a subjective assessment guide on PD-L1 expression of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (IC) scoring is currently adopted in clinical practice with low concordance. Therefore, a repeatable and quantifiable PD-L1 IC scoring method of breast cancer is desirable. In this study, we propose a deep learning-based artificial intelligence-assisted (AI-assisted) model for PD-L1 IC scoring. Three rounds of ring studies (RSs) involving 31 pathologists from 10 hospitals were carried out, using the current guideline in the first two rounds (RS1, RS2) and our AI scoring model in the last round (RS3). A total of 109 PD-L1 (Ventana SP142) immunohistochemistry (IHC) stained images were assessed and the role of the AI-assisted model was evaluated. With the assistance of AI, the scoring concordance across pathologists was boosted to excellent in RS3 (0.950, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.936–0.962) from moderate in RS1 (0.674, 95% CI: 0.614–0.735) and RS2 (0.736, 95% CI: 0.683–0.789). The 2- and 4-category scoring accuracy were improved by 4.2% (0.959, 95% CI: 0.953–0.964) and 13% (0.815, 95% CI: 0.803–0.827) (p < 0.001). The AI results were generally accepted by pathologists with 61% “fully accepted” and 91% “almost accepted”. The proposed AI-assisted method can help pathologists at all levels to improve the PD-L1 assay (SP-142) IC assessment in breast cancer in terms of both accuracy and concordance. The AI tool provides a scheme to standardize the PD-L1 IC scoring in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Executive Summary: 2015 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Native Vertebral Osteomyelitis in Adultsa

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 859-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elie F. Berbari ◽  
Souha S. Kanj ◽  
Todd J. Kowalski ◽  
Rabih O. Darouiche ◽  
Andreas F. Widmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Vertebral Osteomyelitis ◽  
Executive Summary ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeons ◽  
Infectious Disease Specialists

Abstract These guidelines are intended for use by infectious disease specialists, orthopedic surgeons, neurosurgeons, radiologists, and other healthcare professionals who care for patients with native vertebral osteomyelitis (NVO). They include evidence and opinion-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of patients with NVO treated with antimicrobial therapy, with or without surgical intervention.

scholarly journals Recontacting in clinical practice: an investigation of the views of healthcare professionals and clinical scientists in the United Kingdom

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Carrieri ◽  
Sandi Dheensa ◽  
Shane Doheny ◽  
Angus J Clarke ◽  
Peter D Turnpenny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Views Of Healthcare Professionals

2018 Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapya

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne H Norris ◽  
Nabin K Shrestha ◽  
Genève M Allison ◽  
Sara C Keller ◽  
Kavita P Bhavan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Clinical Practice Guideline ◽  
Practice Guideline ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Infusion Catheter

Abstract A panel of experts was convened by the Infectious Diseases Society of America to update the 2004 clinical practice guideline on outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) [1]. This guideline is intended to provide insight for healthcare professionals who prescribe and oversee the provision of OPAT. It considers various patient features, infusion catheter issues, monitoring questions, and antimicrobial stewardship concerns. It does not offer recommendations on the treatment of specific infections. The reader is referred to disease- or organism-specific guidelines for such support.

Integrating artificial intelligence into the clinical practice of radiology: challenges and recommendations

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 3576-3584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Recht ◽  
Marc Dewey ◽  
Keith Dreyer ◽  
Curtis Langlotz ◽  
Wiro Niessen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Clinical Practice

scholarly journals Brain-inspired model for decision-making in the selection of beneficial information patterns among signals received by an unpredictable information-development environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Asgari ◽  
yvan beauregard
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Development Environment ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Industrial Operations ◽  
The Brain

With its diversification in products and services, today’s marketplace makes competition wildly dynamic and unpredictable for industries. In such an environment, daily operational decision-making has a vital role in producing value for products and services while avoiding the risk of loss and hazard to human health and safety. However, it makes a large portion of operational costs for industries. The main reason is that decision-making belongs to the operational tasks dominated by humans. The less involvement of humans, as a less controllable entity, in industrial operation could also favorable for improving workplace health and safety. To this end, artificial intelligence is proposed as an alternative to doing human decision-making tasks. Still, some of the functional characteristics of the brain that allow humans to make decisions in unpredictable environments like the current industry, especially knowledge generalization, are challenging for artificial intelligence. To find an applicable solution, we study the principles that underlie the human brain functions in decision-making. The relative base functions are realized to develop a model in a simulated unpredictable environment for a decision-making system that could decide which information is beneficial to choose. The method executed to build our model's neuronal interactions is unique that aims to mimic some simple functions of the brain in decision-making. It has the potential to develop for systems acting in the higher abstraction levels and complexities in real-world environments. This system and our study will help to integrate more artificial intelligence in industrial operations and settings. The more successful implementation of artificial intelligence will be the steeper decreasing operational costs and risks.

scholarly journals About Formation of International Ethical Digital Environment with Smart Artificial Intelligence

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Evgeny Bryndin
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Intelligent Agents ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Ethical Standard ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cognitive Robots

Intellectual agent ensembles allow you to create digital environment by professional images with language, behavioral and active communications, when images and communications are implemented by agents with smart artificial intelligence. Through language, behavioral and active communications, intellectual agents implement collective activities. The ethical standard through intelligent agents allows you to regulate the safe use of ensembles made of robots and digital doubles with creative communication artificial intelligence in the social sphere, industry and other professional fields. The use of intelligent agents with smart artificial intelligence requires responsibility from the developer and owner for harming others. If harm to others occurred due to the mistakes of the developer, then he bears responsibility and costs. If the damage to others occurred due to the fault of the owner due to non-compliance with the terms of use, then he bears responsibility and costs. Ethical standard and legal regulation help intellectual agents with intelligent artificial intelligence become professional members of society. Ensembles of intelligent agents ith smart artificial intelligence will be able to safely work with society as professional images with skills, knowledge and competencies, implemented in the form of retrained digital twins and cognitive robots that interact through language, behavioral and active ethical communications. Cognitive robots and digital doubles through self-developing ensembles of intelligent agents with synergistic interaction and intelligent artificial intelligence can master various high-tech professions and competencies. Their use in the industry increases labor productivity and economic efficiency of production. Their application in the social sphere improves the quality of life of a person and society. Their widespread application requires compliance with an ethical standard so that their use does not cause harm. The introduction and use of an ethical standard for the use of cognitive robots and digital doubles with smart artificial intelligence increases the safety of their use. Ethical relationships between individuals and intellectual agents will also be governed by an ethical standard.

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