Public policies and programs for the prevention and control of breast cancer in Latinamerican women: a Scoping Review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Martín Ramos Herrera Sr ◽  
María Guadalupe Lemus Flores ◽  
Antonio Reyna Sevilla Sr ◽  
Miguel Ernesto González Castañeda ◽  
Fernando Adolfo Torres Gutiérrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
And Control

BACKGROUND Breast Cancer has positioned itself globally as one of the main public health problems, especially in Latin America and Mexico. In some countries there, several programs for prevention and control are being developed and implemented on a permanent basis, but there is no public report on the policies that originated the programs, their number, type and scope, as well as their impact to address the problem of breast cancer in women. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this scoping review were: 1) identifying which policies and/or programs for the prevention and control of breast cancer in Latin America have been analyzed in the last 20 years, 2) analyzing their type, extension and scope, and 3) describing the reference frameworks on which these policies and/or prevention and control programs of the breast cancer based on. METHODS A scoping review was carried out according to Arksey & O’Malley’s method in six stages: 1) identify research questions, 2) identify relevant studies, 3) study selection, 4) data representation, 5) classification, synthesis and reporting of results, and 6) consultation exercise (optional). The questions that guided this review were: which breast cancer prevention and control policies in Latin America have been analyzed in the international scientific literature?, what is the type, extension and scope of the policies and/or programs in accordance with those reports?, and what is the existing reference framework for policies and/or programs for the prevention and control of breast cancer in women at the national and international level? The search period was 2000-2019 and was carried out in the following electronic databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), MEDLINE (EbscoHost), CINAHL (EbscoHost), Academic Search Complete (EbscoHost), ERIC, ISI Web of Science (Science Citation Index) in english, Cochrane and MEDES-MEDicina in Spanish. Data was analyzed and presented through descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis using the ATLAS.ti software. RESULTS The selected studies identify several Latin American countries that have generated policies/programs to prevent and control breast cancer in women, focused mainly on risk communication, prevention and timely detection, effective access to health services, improving the screening process and evaluation of screening programs. However, it is necessary to establish evaluation criteria and greater active participation of civil society in policies design and programs execution with the inclusion of the population to whom they are directed and the contexts where women reside. This could undoubtedly help eliminate existing barriers. CONCLUSIONS Although there are public policies and action programs for the prevention and control of breast cancer in Latin America, a pending issue is the evaluation of results to analyze the effectiveness and impact of its implementation, given the magnitude of the public health problem it represents and because women and civil society have an important role on its prevention and control. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-10.2196/12624

scholarly journals Policies and Programs for the Prevention and Control of Breast Cancer in Mexican and Latin American Women: Protocol for a Scoping Review (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Martin Ramos Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Breast Cancer Care ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
And Control

BACKGROUND Breast cancer has become a major public health problem around the world, especially in Mexico and Latin America. Screening for breast cancer, which involves self-examination, mammography, and clinical breast examination, is crucial for early diagnosis, which in turn is associated with improved outcomes and survival rates. Although breast cancer prevention and control activities are being implemented in Mexico and Latin America, as in many other countries, there are no comprehensive public reports that provide information on the number, type, and scope of these activities; the impact of the programs and actions implemented; and the policies that form the basis of these programs. OBJECTIVE This study aims to present the design of a protocol for a scoping review on the policies and action programs for breast cancer care in Mexico and Latin America, as well as their objectives and implementation plans. METHODS This scoping review is guided by the methodological reference framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. A systematic search of the following electronic databases will be performed: MEDLINE (PubMed), MEDLINE (EBSCOHost), CINAHL (EBSCOHost), Academic Search Complete (EBSCOHost), ERIC, ISI Web of Science (Science Citation Index) in English and Cochrane and MEDES-MEDicina in Spanish. A search will be conducted to identify relevant studies published between 2000 and 2018. Data will be analyzed and presented in descriptive statistics and qualitative content analyses with analysis matrices and semantic networks. The selected studies will be arranged according to the Specific Action Program, Prevention and Control of Female Cancer 2013-2018. RESULTS The intention is to perform this review during the first and second quarters of 2019 and present the results to health authorities by the first quarter of 2020. Results will also be sent for publication to an indexed journal by the second quarter of 2020. CONCLUSIONS We present a protocol for a scoping review–type literature revision based on the Arksey and O’Malley methodology to be performed during the first quarter of 2019. According to this 6-stage methodology, we will identify the scientific publications that present or analyze first-level action policies and programs for breast cancer care in Mexican women, as well as the results of these policies and programs, if any. The outcome of this review will be used to define the basis of a research project intended to design an educational intervention strategy for the general public in Mexico to enable them to deal with this public health problem. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR PRR1-10.2196/12624

scholarly journals A Scoping Review of Enterovirus D-68

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Weeks ◽  
Lisa Waddell ◽  
Andrea Nwosu ◽  
Christina Bancej ◽  
Shalini Desai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To create a scoping review on enterovirus D-68 (EV-D68) that will serve as a useful tool to guide future research with the aim of filling critical information gaps and supporting the development of public health preparedness activities.Introduction: EV-D68 is a non-polio enterovirus, primarily resulting in respiratory illness, with clinical symptoms ranging from mild to severe. Infection has also been associated with severe neurological conditions like acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). EV-D68 was first discovered in 1962, with infrequent case reports until 2014 at which point a widespread multi-national outbreak mostly affecting the pediatric population occurred across North America, Europe, Southeast Asia and Africa. This outbreak was associated with an increase in AFM, with cases being reported in Canada, the United States, Norway, and France. With this new and emerging threat, public health and other organizations were called upon to implement response measures such as establishment of case definitions, surveillance mechanisms, and recommendations for clinical and public health management. The response to the 2014 outbreak in Canada highlighted several important EV-D68 evidence gaps including a lack of risk factor and clinical information available for non-severe cases, and uncertainty around seasonal, cyclical and secular trends. Given the increased reporting of EV-D68 cases associated with severe outcomes, it's critical that public health establishes what is known about EV-D68 in order to support decision-making, education and other preparedness activities and to highlight priority areas for future research to fill critical knowledge gaps. Scoping reviews provide a reproducible and updateable synthesis research methodology to identify and characterise all the literature on a broad topic as a means to highlight where evidence exists and where there are knowledge gaps. In order to systematically characterise the EV-D68 knowledge base, a scoping review was conducted to map the current body of evidence.Methods: A literature search of published and grey literature on EV-D68 was conducted on May 1, 2017. A standardized search algorithm was implemented in four bibliographic databases: Medline, Embase, Global Health and Scopus. Relevant grey literature was sought from a prioriidentified sources: the World Health Organization, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Public Health Agency of Canada, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, and thesis registries. Two-level relevance screening (title/abstract followed by full-text) was performed in duplicate by two independent reviewers using pretested screening forms. Conflicts between the reviewers were reconciled following group discussion with the study team. English and French articles were included if they reported on EV-D68 as an outcome. There were no limitations by date, publication type, geography or study design. Conference abstracts were excluded if they did not provide sufficient outcome information to characterize. The articles were then characterized by two independent reviewers using a pretested study characterization form. The descriptive characteristics of each article were extracted and categorized into one of the following broad topic categories: 1) Epidemiology and Public Health, 2) Clinical and Infection Prevention and Control (IPC), 3) Guidance Products, 4) Public Health Surveillance, 5) Laboratory, and 6) Impact. The Epidemiology and Public Health category contained citations describing prevalence, epidemiological distribution, outbreak data and public health mitigation strategies. Clinical and IPC citations included details regarding symptoms of EV-D68 infection, patient outcomes, clinical investigation processes, treatment options and infection prevention and control strategies. The Guidance category included citations that assess risk, provide knowledge translation or provide practice guidelines. Public Health Surveillance citations provided details on surveillance systems. Citations in the laboratory category included studies that assessed the genetic characteristics of circulating EV-D68 (phylogeny, taxonomy) and viral characteristics (proteins, viral properties). Lastly, the Impact category contained citations describing the social, economic and resource burden of EV-D68 infection. Each broad topic category was subsequently characterised further into subtopics.Results: The search yielded a total of 384 citations, of which 300 met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-six of forty-three potentially relevant grey literature sources were also included. Preliminary literature characterization suggests that the majority of the published literature fell under the topic categories of Epidemiology, Clinical, and Laboratory. There were limited published articles on public health guidance, IPC, surveillance systems and the impact of EV-D68. The grey literature primarily consisted of webpages directed towards the public (what EV-D68 is, how to prevent it, what to do if ill, etc.). This scoping review work is presently underway and a summary of the full results will be presented at the 2018 Annual Conference.Conclusions: The body of literature on EV-D68 has increased since the 2014 outbreak, but overall remains small and contains knowledge gaps in some areas. To our knowledge, this scoping review is the first to classify the entirety of literature relating to EV-D68. It will serve as a useful tool to guide future research with the aim of filling critical information gaps, and supporting development of public health preparedness activities.

scholarly journals A scoping review of 2019 Novel Coronavirus during the early outbreak period: Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasmita Poudel Adhikari ◽  
Sha Meng ◽  
Yuju Wu ◽  
Yuping Mao ◽  
Ruixue Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: The 2019-nCoV has been identified as the cause of an outbreak of respiratory illness in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China beginning in December 2019. This epidemic had spread to 19 countries with 11791 confirmed cases, including 213 deaths, as of January 31, 2020. The World Health Organization declared it as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.Methods: A scoping review of 65 research articles published until January 31, 2020 were analyzed and discussed for a better understanding of the epidemiology, causes, clinical diagnosis, prevention and control of this virus. The research domains, publishing dates, journal language, and authors’ affiliations, as well as methodological characteristics were analyzed. All findings and statements that are mentioned regarding the outbreak in this review are based on published information as listed in the references.Results: Most of the publications were in English language (89.23%). The largest proportion of articles were related to causes (38.46%) and majority (67.69%), and were published by Chinese scholars. Research articles initially focused on causes while there was an increase of the articles related to prevention and control over time. Studies thus far have shown origination in connection to a seafood market in Wuhan, but specific animal association has not been confirmed. The reported symptoms include fever, cough, fatigue, pneumonia, headache, diarrhea, hemoptysis, and dyspnea. Preventive measures such as masks, hand hygiene practices, avoidance of public contact, case detection, contact tracing, and quarantines are being discussed for reducing the transmission. To date, no specific antiviral treatment is proven effective, hence, infected people primarily rely on symptomatic treatment and supportive care. Conclusions: There has been a rapid surge in research in response to the outbreak of 2019-nCoV. During this early period, published research primarily explored the epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, as well as prevention and control of the novel coronavirus. Although these studies had relevance to the control of a public emergency, more high-quality research need to be conducted to provide valid and reliable ways to manage this kind of public health emergency in both short-and long-terms.

scholarly journals The nursing team’s role in vaccine care: a scoping review

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzane Gomes de Medeiros ◽  
Lilian de Andrade Virgílio ◽  
Pétala Tuani Candido de Oliveira Salvador ◽  
Cláudia Cristiane Filgueira Martins Rodrigues ◽  
Marcos Antônio Ferreira Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Care Organization ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Antigenic Properties ◽  
Nursing Team ◽  
And Control

Vaccines or immunobiologicals have antigenic properties and, in public health, are considered an important strategy in the prevention and control of immuno-preventable diseases. The objective of this study was to carry out review of the nursing staff's role in vaccine care. This is a scoping review, conducted in first semester of 2017, with data collected in 17 national and international databases. To guide the evaluation of the selected materials, an instrument composed of some collection indicators was used. The final sample consisted of eight publications. The data was inserted into the Microsoft Excel 2010 Program, and analyzed in a descriptive way. The identification of a variety of actions of the nursing team in the care with vaccines was verified and grouped in: vaccine room; behavior in the vaccine room; refrigerator care; organization of vaccines inside the refrigerator; monitoring and register of changes in temperature; measures adopted with vaccines under suspect; behaviors regarding vaccines in thermal boxes; professional knowledge in the vaccine room and other important behaviors. Given this evidence, it is essential to detect factors that may compromise the quality and conservation of vaccines. For this, it is understood the need for training aimed at the professionals involved in the immunization and the importance of supervision activities in the vaccine room by the nurse.

Strengthening of occupational health promotion by the German Prevention Health Care Act

2019 ◽  
pp. 188-190
Author(s):  
Diana Hart
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Occupational Health Promotion ◽  
And Control

All countries are faced with the problem of the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases (NCD): implement prevention strategies eff ectively, keep up the momentum with long term benefi ts at the individual and the population level, at the same time tackling hea lth inequalities. Th e aff ordability of therapy and care including innovative therapies is going to be one of the key public health priorities in the years to come. Germany has taken in the prevention and control of NCDs. Germany’s health system has a long history of guaranteeing access to high-quality treatment through universal health care coverage. Th r ough their membership people are entitled to prevention and care services maintaining and restoring their health as well as long term follow-up. Like in many other countries general life expectancy has been increasing steadily in Germany. Currently, the average life expectancy is 83 and 79 years in women and men, respectively. Th e other side of the coin is that population aging is strongly associated with a growing burden of disease from NCDs. Already over 70 percent of all deaths in Germany are caused by four disease entities: cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease and diabetes. Th ese diseases all share four common risk factors: smoking, alcohol abuse, lack of physical activity and overweight. At the same time, more and more people become long term survivors of disease due to improved therapy and care. Th e German Government and public health decision makers are aware of the need for action and have responded by initiating and implementing a wide spectrum of activities. One instrument by strengthening primary prevention is the Prevention Health Care Act. Its overarching aim is to prevent NCDs before they can manifest themselves by strengthening primary prevention and health promotion in diff erent sett ings. One of the main emphasis of the Prevention Health Care Act is the occupational health promotion at the workplace.

Epidemiology of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo ◽  
Jose Lopez-Lopez ◽  
Daniel Cohen ◽  
Natalia Alarcon-Ariza ◽  
Margarita Mogollon-Zehr
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Control

: Hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus are two important risk factors that contribute to cardiovascular diseases worldwide. In Latin America hypertension prevalence varies from 30 to 50%. Moreover, the proportion of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension is very low. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus varies from 8 to 13% and near to 40% are unaware of their condition. In addition, the prevalence of prediabetes varies from 6 to 14% and this condition has been also associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The principal factors linked to a higher risk of hypertension in Latin America are increased adiposity, low muscle strength, unhealthy diet, low physical activity and low education. Besides being chronic conditions, leading causes of cardiovascular mortality, both hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus represent a substantial cost for the weak health systems of Latin American countries. Therefore, is necessary to implement and reinforce public health programs to improve awareness, treatment and control of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, in order to reach the mandate of the Unit Nations of decrease the premature mortality for CVD.

An Overview of the Ethics of Injury in Public Health

2019 ◽  
pp. 597-603
Author(s):  
Adnan A. Hyder
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Public Health Ethics ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Health Ethics ◽  
Prompt Attention ◽  
And Control

This chapter briefly introduces ethics issues in injury prevention and control in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), using a series of examples that prompt attention to the ethical principles of autonomy and justice. The chapter also introduces the section of The Oxford Handbook of Public Health Ethics dedicated to an examination of injury and public health ethics, with attention given to the complex ethical challenges arising in injury prevention and control in LMICs. The section’s two chapters discuss public health ethics issues arising in the prevention and control of unintentional injuries and intentional injuries, respectively. Those chapters define a set of ethics issues within international injury work and provide an initial analysis of the nature of those ethics issues, their specificity, and potential pathways for addressing them.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Risk Assessment: Contributing to Maintaining Urban Public Health Security and Achieving Sustainable Urban Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4208
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Xiaodie Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Floating Population ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemic Risk

As the most infectious disease in 2020, COVID-19 is an enormous shock to urban public health security and to urban sustainable development. Although the epidemic in China has been brought into control at present, the prevention and control of it is still the top priority of maintaining public health security. Therefore, the accurate assessment of epidemic risk is of great importance to the prevention and control even to overcoming of COVID-19. Using the fused data obtained from fusing multi-source big data such as POI (Point of Interest) data and Tencent-Yichuxing data, this study assesses and analyzes the epidemic risk and main factors that affect the distribution of COVID-19 on the basis of combining with logistic regression model and geodetector model. What’s more, the following main conclusions are obtained: the high-risk areas of the epidemic are mainly concentrated in the areas with relatively dense permanent population and floating population, which means that the permanent population and floating population are the main factors affecting the risk level of the epidemic. In other words, the reasonable control of population density is greatly conducive to reducing the risk level of the epidemic. Therefore, the control of regional population density remains the key to epidemic prevention and control, and home isolation is also the best means of prevention and control. The precise assessment and analysis of the epidemic conducts by this study is of great significance to maintain urban public health security and achieve the sustainable urban development.

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