scholarly journals Practical and emotional problems reported by the general public during the COVID-19 pandemic when using a self-guided digital problem-solving intervention: A content analysis (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Hentati ◽  
Erik Forsell ◽  
Brjánn Ljótsson ◽  
Martin Kraepelien
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
General Population ◽  
General Public ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Health Care Intervention ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Practical Nature

BACKGROUND In order to better direct assessments and interventions towards the general population during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and future crises with societal restrictions, data on the types of practical and emotional problems people are suffering from are needed. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine what types of practical and emotional problems the general population is suffering from during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to construct an empirically derived inventory based on the findings. METHODS A total of 396 participants from the general public, with practical and/or emotional problems, accessed a self-guided digital problem-solving intervention for a period of one week to report and solve problems they experienced. Prior to accessing the intervention, participants completed a short self-assessment regarding symptoms of depression and anxiety. Content analysis was used to account for the types of problems participants reported. A set of items for an inventory was later proposed based on the problem categories derived from the analysis. RESULTS A majority of participants had either clinically relevant symptoms of depression or anxiety. The problems reported were categorized as 13 distinct types of problems. The most common problem was difficulties managing daily activities. Based on the categories, a 13-items inventory was proposed. CONCLUSIONS The 13 types of problems, and the proposed inventory, could be valuable when composing assessments and interventions for the general population during the ongoing pandemic or similar crises with societal restrictions. The most common problem was of practical nature, indicating the importance of including examples of such problems within assessments and interventions. CLINICALTRIAL This article does not report results of a health care intervention, but was nevertheless retrospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT04677270).

scholarly journals Mindfulness and Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety in the General Population: The Mediating Roles of Worry, Rumination, Reappraisal and Suppression

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice B. R. Parmentier ◽  
Mauro García-Toro ◽  
Javier García-Campayo ◽  
Aina M. Yañez ◽  
Pilar Andrés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression

How to manage emotional problems

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-108
Author(s):  
Andrew E. Budson ◽  
Maureen K. O’Connor
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Talk Therapy ◽  
The Future ◽  
Sleep Difficulties

It is important to address your loved one’s emotional problems. Learn to recognize the signs of depression and anxiety. Common symptoms of depression include feelings of sadness, worthlessness or guilt; fixating on past failures; being tearful; irritability or frustration, even over small matters; memory difficulties; trouble concentrating; sleep difficulties; daytime fatigue and lack of energy; changes in appetite; often wanting to stay home; physical slowing; physical aches or pains; loss of interest in activities; loss of interest in sex; loss of interest in living; hopelessness about the future; frequent thoughts of death. Help them to deal with the sadness and frustration that often come with declining abilities. Start by improving your loved one’s abilities and adjust tasks to make them easier. Treat depression and anxiety with aerobic exercise, meditation, relaxation, and talk therapy.

Temperament, character and symptoms of anxiety and depression in the general population

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 389-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pekka Jylhä ◽  
Erkki Isometsä
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Family History ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Health Care Use ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

AbstractFew studies have investigated the relationship of temperament and character, as conceptualized in the Temperament and Character Inventory–Revised (TCI-R), to symptoms of depression and anxiety in the general population. In this study a random sample of subjects (20 to 70 years), in two Finnish cities, were surveyed with the TCI-R, Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories, plus questions related to diagnosed lifetime mental disorders, health care use for psychiatric reasons during the past 12 months, and history of mental disorders in first-degree relatives. Altogether 347 subjects (38.6%) responded. Of the TCI-R dimensions, Harm Avoidance correlated with symptoms of depression (rs = 0.555, p < 0.001), anxiety (rs= 0.560, p < 0.001), self-reported lifetime mental disorder (rs = 0.272, p< 0.001), health care use for psychiatric reason during the past 12 months (rs = 0.241, p< 0.001) and family history of mental disorder (rs = 0.202, p<0.001). Self-directedness correlated negatively with symptoms of depression (rs = -0.495, p< 0.001), anxiety (rs = -0.458, p < 0.001), lifetime mental disorder (rs = 0.225, p< 0.001) and health care use (rs = -0.135, p = 0.013). Overall, Harm Avoidance and Self-directedness seem to associate moderately with depressive and anxiety symptoms, and somewhat predict self-reported use of health services for psychiatric reasons, and lifetime mental disorder. High harm avoidance may associate with a family history of mental disorder.

Symptoms of depression and anxiety during adult life: evidence for a decline in prevalence with age

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1321-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. HENDERSON ◽  
A. F. JORM ◽  
A. E. KORTEN ◽  
P. JACOMB ◽  
H. CHRISTENSEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Adverse Life Events ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Striking Change

Background. To test the hypothesis that the prevalence, in the general population, of symptoms of depression and anxiety declines with age.Methods. A general population sample of 2725 persons aged 18 to 79 years was administered two inventories for current symptoms of depression and anxiety, together with measures of neuroticism and of exposures that may confer increased risk of such symptoms.Results. Symptoms of depression showed a decline with age in both men and women. For anxiety, the decline was statistically significant for women but not consistently so for men. For the risk factors examined, there was a decline with age in the neuroticism score, the frequency of adverse life events, being seriously short of money and having had parents who separated or divorced. Further analysis showed that the association between age and a declining symptom score cannot be entirely attributed to these risk factors, with the single exception of neuroticism. The latter is itself likely to be contaminated by current symptoms.Conclusion. Unless these findings are due to bias in the sample of those who agreed to participate, they add to the evidence that symptoms of depression and to a lesser extent of anxiety decline in prevalence with age. Some risk factors also decline with age. It now has to be determined if these cross-sectional observations are also to be found in longitudinal data; and what process may underlie this striking change in mental health during adulthood.

scholarly journals A Single-Session, Web-Based Parenting Intervention to Prevent Adolescent Depression and Anxiety Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mairead C Cardamone-Breen ◽  
Anthony F Jorm ◽  
Katherine A Lawrence ◽  
Ronald M Rapee ◽  
Andrew J Mackinnon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression

BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety disorders are significant contributors to burden of disease in young people, highlighting the need to focus preventive efforts early in life. Despite substantial evidence for the role of parents in the prevention of adolescent depression and anxiety disorders, there remains a need for translation of this evidence into preventive parenting interventions. To address this gap, we developed a single-session, Web-based, tailored psychoeducation intervention that aims to improve parenting practices known to influence the development of adolescent depression and anxiety disorders. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term effects of the intervention on parenting risk and protective factors and symptoms of depression and anxiety in adolescent participants. METHODS We conducted a single-blind, parallel group, superiority randomized controlled trial comparing the intervention with a 3-month waitlist control. The intervention is fully automated and consists of two components: (1) completion of an online self-assessment of current parenting practices against evidence-based parenting recommendations for the prevention of adolescent depression and anxiety disorders and (2) an individually tailored feedback report highlighting each parent’s strengths and areas for improvement based on responses to the self-assessment. A community sample of 349 parents, together with 327 adolescents (aged 12-15 years), were randomized to either the intervention or waitlist control condition. Parents and adolescents completed online self-reported assessments of parenting and adolescent symptoms of depression and anxiety at baseline, 1-month (parent-report of parenting only), and 3-month follow-up. RESULTS Compared with controls, intervention group parents showed significantly greater improvement in parenting risk and protective factors from baseline to 1-month and 3-month follow-up (F2,331.22=16.36, P<.001), with a small to medium effect size at 3-month follow-up (d=0.33). There were no significant effects of the intervention on adolescent-report of parenting or symptoms of depression or anxiety in the adolescents (all P>.05). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that a single-session, individually tailored, Web-based parenting intervention can improve parenting factors that are known to influence the development of depression and anxiety in adolescents. However, our results do not support the effectiveness of the intervention in improving adolescent depression or anxiety symptoms in the short-term. Long-term studies are required to adequately assess the relationship between improving parenting factors and adolescent depression and anxiety outcomes. Nonetheless, this is a promising avenue for the translation of research into a low-cost, sustainable, universal prevention approach. CLINICALTRIAL Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12615000247572; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12615000247572 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6v1ha19XG)

The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Garnefski ◽  
Vivian Kraaij
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Regulation Strategies

Abstract. The psychometric properties of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) as well as its prospective relationships with symptoms of depression and anxiety were studied in an adult general population sample. The results showed that the CERQ had good factorial validity and high reliabilities, with Cronbach's αs ranging between .75 and .87. In addition, the cognitive emotion regulation strategies accounted for considerable amounts of variance in emotional problems and strong relationships were found between the cognitive strategies self-blame, rumination, catastrophizing and positive reappraisal (inversely) and symptoms of depression and anxiety, both at first measurement and at follow-up. The CERQ might therefore be considered a valuable and reliable tool in the study of individual risk and protective factors associated with emotional problems, while providing us with important targets for intervention.

In multiple sclerosis anxiety, not depression, is related to gender

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Théaudin ◽  
Kristoffer Romero ◽  
Anthony Feinstein
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Psychiatric Sequelae ◽  
The Impact

Background: There is a high prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders in multiple sclerosis (MS), a disease 2.5 times more frequent in females. Contrary to the general population, in whom studies have demonstrated higher rates of depression and anxiety in females, little is known about the impact of gender on psychiatric sequelae in MS patients. Objectives: We conducted a retrospective study to try to clarify this uncertainty. Methods: Demographic, illness-related and behavioral variables were obtained from a neuropsychiatric database of 896 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of MS. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were obtained with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Gender comparisons were undertaken and predictors of depression and anxiety sought with a linear regression analysis. Results: HADS data were available for 711 of 896 (79.35%) patients. Notable gender differences included a higher frequency of primary progressive MS in males ( p = 0.002), higher HADS anxiety scores in females ( p < 0.001), but no differences in HADS depression scores. Conclusion: In MS, gender influences the frequency of anxiety only. This suggests that the etiological factors underpinning anxiety and depression in MS are not only different from one another, but also in the case of depression, different from those observed in general population samples.

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