An Empirical Analysis of Demographic Characteristics, Acquired Knowledge, and Personal Beliefs as Indicators of Behavioral Compliance during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Radha Chin ◽  
Ashley Reshma Chin ◽  
Robert Brookshire ◽  
Amita Goyal Chin ◽  
Seonjun Kang
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Political Affiliation ◽  
Personal Beliefs ◽  
Preventive Behaviors ◽  
Behavioral Compliance ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is of vital importance to identify factors that promote behavioral compliance of consumers to the recommendations of government agencies. OBJECTIVE This study analyzed demographic characteristics, acquired knowledge, and personal beliefs, in combination with anxiety and stress, as indicators of compliance in the general population to recommended behavioral changes during COVID-19. METHODS Data from a survey that was administered on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and WhatsApp was analyzed. Participation was voluntary and no compensation of any kind was provided. T tests and analysis of variance were used to compare average scores of the different demographic groups, with degrees of freedom adjusted if the equal variance assumption appeared to be violated. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds ratios for adoption of the various preventive behaviors. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 27, IBM Corp). Structural equation modelling was performed using SmartPLS. The impact of personal characteristics – age, gender, education, race, and political affiliation, combined with acquired knowledge about COVID-19, personal beliefs during the crisis, and the resulting anxiety and stress were evaluated for their effect on the adoption of recommended behavioral changes during COVID-19. RESULTS 5,677 social media users participated in the online survey, however, only 4,998 completed the entire survey and were used in our analyses. Only respondents who were 18 years of age or older and U.S. residents were included in the final data set. Females had a higher average knowledge about COVID-19 (t=3.09, df=4960, p<0.01), but the genders were similar in their knowledge of protective factors (t=0.26, df=4960, p=0.79). Republicans had a lower average COVID-19 knowledge score (t=-3.93, df=4996, p<0.001) and a lower average knowledge of protective factors (t=-2.82, df=4996, p<0.01). Those with higher levels of education had higher mean COVID-19 knowledge scores (F=79.10, df=4,4993, p<0.001). Among the different age groups, younger respondents had higher levels of COVID-19 knowledge (F=11.46, df=2,4995, p<0.001), but the age groups were similar in their knowledge of protective factors (F=0.28, df=2,4995, p=0.645). About two-thirds of the sample (67%) disagreed or strongly disagreed that COVID-19 was an act of bioterrorism. About 82% agreed or strongly agreed that COVID-19 is more deadly than the seasonal flu. About 84% agreed or strongly agreed that the amount of media attention paid to COVID-19 was adequate, and most (80%) disagreed or strongly disagreed that COVID-19 is not as big a problem as the media suggests. Republicans on average had higher agreement that the virus was released as an act of bioterrorism (t=16.00, df=2030.3, p<0.001), that the virus is not as big a problem as the media suggests (t=20.61, df=1908.3, p<0.001), and that warm weather will reduce the spread of the virus (t=16.52, df=2286, p<0.001). Among the preventive behaviors that respondents reported adopting, the most frequent were keeping away from crowded places (N=4863, 96.5%), using hand sanitizer or washing hands more often (N=4826, 95.8%), starting to clean or disinfect things they might touch (N=4482, 89.0%) and avoiding public transportation (N=4393, 87.2%). CONCLUSIONS Individual beliefs in the severity of the pandemic, the level of stress/anxiety, and protective knowledge for COVID-19 were significant indicators in the adoption of protective behaviors while the level of COVID-19 knowledge was weakly and negatively associated with these indicators. Demographic factors including age, gender, political affiliation, education level, and race were also significant indicators of behavioral compliance. Study findings can provide valuable insights that can be used to further increase behavioral compliance among the population during COVID-19.

The Health of Refugees

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Refugee Health ◽  
Mass Movements ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Displaced Populations ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
The Media ◽  
Multidisciplinary Perspective ◽  
The Impact

There have been significant changes in the numbers, patterns, and circumstances of refugees and in the political landscape to support humanitarianism since the publication of the first edition of this collection. Like the first edition, this volume provides a multidisciplinary perspective on refugee health, tracing the health repercussions on individuals and populations from the drivers of forced mass movements of populations from situations of conflict and other disasters through to the process of resettlement in countries other than their countries of origin. Drawing on the expertise of academics, practitioners, and UN frontline experts, the collection covers three main aspects of refugee health: the concepts, definitions, and context from a human rights, humanitarianism, and social determinants of health perspective; the intersection of vulnerabilities across age groups and settings; and the ethical challenges for practitioners and researchers working with forcibly displaced populations seeking to resettle. The collection concludes with an analysis of the role of the media in shaping our perceptions of refugees and the impact on policy and access to care.

Psychological Impact of Disasters and Terrorism on Children and Adolescents: Experiences from Australia

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Wooding ◽  
Beverley Raphael
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Grief And Loss ◽  
Developmental Approach ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

AbstractRecent acts of terrorism have emphasised the need for research to further establish not only the nature of the impact of disaster and terrorism on the population, but also further define methods of effective intervention. Those affected, and often overlooked, include children and adolescents, yet, our knowledge of the impact upon the younger members of our community limited. The literature is evolving, and there are a small number of valuable studies that can inform a response to the mental health needs of this younger population.This article reviews some of the psychological impacts of disaster and terrorism upon children and adolescents, and considers both risk and protective factors. The importance of a developmental approach to children's understanding of disaster, particularly death and the nature of grief and loss are discussed as is the distinction between the phenomenology of bereavement and trauma. Family and community support are highlighted as protective factors, and a number of recent, valuable recommendations for intervention including psychological first aid and cognitive-behavioral therapy are described. Finally, the complex role of the media and the degree that children should exposed to images of violence and disaster is considered. Disasters, whether they are natural or human-made always will be with us. It is necessary that a public-health approach that not only prepares for such scenarios, but responds by maximising the use of existing systems and agency linkages, taken.

scholarly journals The Influence Of Media On Attitudinal And Behavioral Changes: Acceptance Of Culture And Products

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1433
Author(s):  
Rahmiati Lita ◽  
Yoon C. Cho
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Awareness ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
The Media ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

Culture affects every part of our lives, every day, from birth to death, and everything in between (Cateora, Gilly, and Graham 2011). This study discusses the way in which customers acceptance of cultures and products has been greatly affected by the media. This study also investigates how customers acceptance leads to attitudinal and behavioral changes. In particular, this study measures the impact of a cultural wave to examine the attitudinal and behavioral changes it causes. This study explores the causes that affect the willingness of people to change their behavior after exposure to the media. In particular, this study investigates 1) how a cultural wave influences product and cultural awareness, 2) the relationship between perceptions of a cultural wave and peoples attitudes and behavior, and 3) the relationship between the strength of peoples attitudes toward acculturation and changes in attitude and behavior. By applying various statistical analyses, this study identifies managerial and theoretical implications.

scholarly journals The Impact of Israel’s “Models’ Law” on Young Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Michal Cohen ◽  
Yael Latzer
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Media ◽  
Photo Editing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Comorbidity

Background: The development of eating disorders (EDs) and disordered eating pathology (DEP) is related to a complex interplay of various factors, with the media being a main risk factor. The high comorbidity related to EDs and DEP highlights the importance of preventive interventions and requires additional prevention strategies that create opportunities for policy changes, while targeting media influences. In 2012, Israel initiated the &ldquo;models&rsquo; law&rdquo;, setting limits on both the employment of underweight models and the use of photo editing. This study examined the impact of the models&rsquo; law on body dissatisfaction, DEP, and EDs among young women in Israel. Methods: The study included two parts: self-report questionnaires and a telephone interview. The sample of 203 women was divided into two age groups, 81 women aged 18-24 and 122 women aged 25-35-that completed both parts of the study. Results: The models&rsquo; law had significantly higher impact on younger as opposed to older participants. Yet younger participants were found to have higher levels of DEP than the older participants. Additionally, participants who were highly supportive of the law had lower levels of DEP. Conclusion: The results indicate that younger participants had higher levels of DEP and were more influenced by the thin ideal and the media. Thus, these results highlight the importance of implementing prevention programs at younger ages and expanding the spectrum of prevention programs to the field of policy change, using legislation.

scholarly journals Violent images in the media and its impact on children

1969 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Georges Kutukdjian
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Violent Images ◽  
School Curricula

The article studies the impact of media-shown violence on children and youth. It examines the relation between exposure to massive absorption of violent images and aggressive behavior. It also concludes it would be hard to fins unequivocal relationship between violent behavior and exposure to violence in the media for various different reasons. Consideration must be given to characteristics of young viewers and the specific vulnerabilities attached to age groups, discussing in detail the problem of pornography. The article, nevertheless, supports the banning of racist, xenophobic, sexist and paedophiliac programs in broadcasting and the Internet as well as the inclusion of media education in school curricula to favor the development of critical attitude towards the material children and youth are being exposed to.

scholarly journals THE REAL POWER OF THE SOCIAL MEDIA, THE INTERPRETATION OF THE ESTABLISHING COMMUNICATION WAYS, AS ILLUSTRATED BY THE TURKISH ASSISTANCE DURING THE KOSOVO CRISES

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Njomza Krasniqi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Political Affiliation ◽  
General Picture ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

As it is always with new inventions in human history the role they play in their early stages is mostly none acknowledged before they make a more widespread impact. The social media is one of them. Due to the new aspects that this relatively new kind of media its role is mostly negligee in favors of the more vastly popular other forms. In the kind of era that we live technology means that the place where we get the information is irrelevant in the grand scheme of the things, however that does not mean that the impact is lesser or higher. To make the example more clear even though a news that the currency is going to raise or lower in the USA- for example its mostly limited to the USA citizens it has a dire impact in the rest of the world, but even though the means for this news is the generic media, the ones to give the means to understand and make amends to prepare for the consequences to the rest of the world. Due to this kind of functionality is always difficult to separate where the generic forms of the media begin and where the social media begin. What is interesting is that this function of social media begins since the first forms of the internet and it’s just more pronounced nowadays. As an example of this functionality the more prominent one is the way Turkey interfered in the Kosovo Crises. More than the generic news and political affiliation at the time the most impact in the public opinion did the social media. This paper is a research in this regard. It’s not very detailed and it shows a general picture of the situation and only deal with the main aspects of the behavior of the social media, however is a beginning which shows the great impact all forms of communications, especially the social media.

scholarly journals The Real Power of the Social Media, the Interpretation of the Establishing Communication Ways, as Illustrated by the Turkish Assistance during the Kosovo Crises

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Njomza Krasniqi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Political Affiliation ◽  
General Picture ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

As it is always with new inventions in human history the role they play in their early stages is mostly none acknowledged before they make a more widespread impact. The social media is one of them. Due to the new aspects that this relatively new kind of media its role is mostly negligee in favors of the more vastly popular other forms. In the kind of era that we live technology means that the place where we get the information is irrelevant in the grand scheme of the things, however that does not mean that the impact is lesser or higher. To make the example more clear even though a news that the currency is going to raise or lower in the USA- for example its mostly limited to the USA citizens it has a dire impact in the rest of the world, but even though the means for this news is the generic media, the ones to give the means to understand and make amends to prepare for the consequences to the rest of the world. Due to this kind of functionality is always difficult to separate where the generic forms of the media begin and where the social media begin. What is interesting is that this function of social media begins since the first forms of the internet and it’s just more pronounced nowadays. As an example of this functionality the more prominent one is the way Turkey interfered in the Kosovo Crises. More than the generic news and political affiliation at the time the most impact in the public opinion did the social media. This paper is a research in this regard. It’s not very detailed and it shows a general picture of the situation and only deal with the main aspects of the behavior of the social media, however is a beginning which shows the great impact all forms of communications, especially the social media.

scholarly journals International Migration, Population Change and the Labour Force, 1991-1996: An Overview

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Bedford ◽  
Jacqueline Lidgard ◽  
Joanne Young
Keyword(s):  
Population Change ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Emigration And Immigration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Net Migration ◽  
The Media ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Between March 1991 and March 1996 the de facto population of New Zealand increased by around 225,000, the largest intercensal increase since the early 1970s. A short-lived surge in levels of natural increase in the early 1990s, coupled with some of the highest annual net migration gains since 1975, account for this substantial population growth. While there has been considerable comment in the media about the impact of this growth on the Auckland region in particular, the impacts which it has had on New Zealand's Labour force are less well known. This paper examines the components of change in labour force age groups between 1991 and 1996, isolating the impacts of immigration from those of structural change. The contrasting contributions to particular labour force age groups made by emigration of New Zealanders on the one hand, and immigration of citizens from other countries on the other, are then discussed. It is clear from the analysis that emigration and immigration are impacting quite differentially on the younger and older workforces. Some of the implications of these changes are explored with reference to the ageing labour force.

Journalism and political affiliation of the media: Influence of ownership on Indonesian newspapers

Journalism ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1326-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mala Ekayanti ◽  
Hao Xiaoming
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Professional Values ◽  
Media Influence ◽  
Political Affiliation ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
News Reporting ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

Using the Model of Hierarchy of Influences on Media Content as its conceptual framework, this study examines the impact of political ownership of newspapers on journalists’ practice of professional values in day-to-day news-reporting activities in Indonesia. Through a survey of newspaper journalists in Jakarta, this study aims to find out whether journalists perceive political ownership as a potential threat to their practice of professional values. The findings show that political ownership of newspapers may not directly affect the practice of professional values but it can affect such a practice indirectly through interventional practices in the newsroom.

Trends in Dietary Intake of Vitamins A, C, and E in German Children and Adolescents – Results of the DONALD Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexy ◽  
Kersting ◽  
Sichert-Hellert
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Fortified Food ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
The Impact

Intake of vitamins A, C, and E was evaluated and age and time trends were assessed on the basis of 3-day weighed dietary records (n = 5121) of 2- to 18-year old boys (n = 417) and girls (n = 425) enrolled in the DONALD Study (Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed Study) 1986–2001. Intake of vitamin A remains stable over time, intake of vitamin C increases linearly, and intake of vitamin E follows a nonlinear trend. Age trends of vitamins A and C (per MJ) were nonlinear with a minimum at the beginning adolescence, while intake of vitamin E (per MJ) increased linearly. Girls had higher nutrient densities but lower intakes expressed as percent of reference values. Fortified food in total had a higher impact on time trends of nutrient intake than other single food groups defined here. Our results point to the impact of the food industry on long-term nutrient intake, but also underline the necessity of nutrition education even in young age groups to improve vitamin intake.

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