An exploration of e-cigarette-related search items on YouTube (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Dashtian ◽  
Dhiraj Murthy ◽  
Grace Kong
Keyword(s):  
Network Modeling ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Information Network ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
General Search ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level Of Importance

BACKGROUND Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) products are increasingly being used by youth and this trend is linked in part to pro-e-cigarette content on social media. YouTube is a popular platform used by youth to consume, produce, and share e-cigarette videos. YouTube has also become a valuable resource for researchers to learn about e-cigarette use, trends, marketing, and perceptions. However, there is currently a lack of understanding on whether or how similar e-cigarette-related search items used to obtain YouTube videos are related or are relatively mutually exclusive. This study uses novel methods to evaluate the relationship of e-cigarette-related search items to each other. OBJECTIVE To apply network modeling and rule-based classification to characterize the relationships between e-cigarette-related search items. We also gauged the level of importance of each search item as part of an e-cigarette information network. METHODS We used 16 fictitious YouTube profiles to retrieve 4201 distinct videos from 18 keywords related to e-cigarettes. We used network modeling to represent the relationships between the search items. Moreover, we developed a rule-based classification approach to classify videos. We used betweenness centrality (BC) and correlations between nodes (ie, search items) to help us gain knowledge of the underlying structure of the information network. RESULTS Modeling search items and videos as a network, we observed that broad search items such as “e-cig” had the most connections to other search items and specific search items such as “cigalike” had the least connections. Search items with similar words (eg, “vape” and “vaping”) and also search items with similar meaning (eg, “e-liquid” and “e-juice”) yielded a high degree of connectedness. We also found that each node has 18 connections (common videos) on average. BC indicates that general search items such as “electronic cigarette” and “vaping” have high importance in the network (0.00836). Our rule-based classification sorted videos into four categories (ie, e-cigarette devices (34-57%), cannabis vaping (16-28%), e-liquid (14-37 %), and “other” ( 8-22%)). CONCLUSIONS Our methods evaluated the search items in items of their importance in the network of e-cigarette-related content and visualized the relationships as well as their strength through correlations between search items. Our methods can be used to identify the importance and overlap and uniqueness of e-cigarette-related search items.

scholarly journals Interactions Between Chill-Hours and Degree-Days Affect Carpogenic Germination in Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Scherm ◽  
A. T. Savelle ◽  
P. L. Pusey
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Carpogenic Germination ◽  
Conditioning Period ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Heating Degree Days ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of cumulative chill-hours (hours with a mean temperature <7.2°C) and heating degree-days (base 7.2°C) to carpogenic germination of pseudosclerotia of Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi, which causes mummy berry disease of blueberry, was investigated. In two laboratory experiments, pseudosclerotia collected from rabbiteye blueberry in Georgia were conditioned at 5 to 6°C for 26 to 1,378 h prior to placement in conditions favorable for germination and apothecium development. The number of chill-hours accumulated during the conditioning period affected the subsequent proportion of pseudosclerotia that germinated and produced apothecia, with the greatest incidence of carpogenic germination occurring after intermediate levels of chilling (≈700 chill-hours). The minimum chilling requirement for germination and apothecium production was considerably lower than that reported previously for pseudo-sclerotia from highbush blueberry in northern production regions. The rate of carpogenic germination was strongly affected by interactions between the accumulation of chill-hours and degree-days during the conditioning and germination periods; pseudosclerotia exposed to prolonged chilling periods, once transferred to suitable conditions, germinated and produced apothecia more rapidly (after fewer degree-days had accumulated) than those exposed to shorter chilling periods. Thus, pseudosclerotia of M. vaccinii-corymbosi are adapted to germinate carpogenically following cold winters (high chill-hours, low degree-days) as well as warm winters (low chill-hours, high degree-days). Results were validated in a combined field-laboratory experiment in which pseudosclerotia that had received various levels of natural chilling were allowed to germinate in controlled conditions in the laboratory, and in two field experiments in which pseudosclerotia were exposed to natural chilling and germination conditions. A simple model describing the timing of apothecium emergence in relation to cumulative chill-hours and degree-days was developed based on the experiments. The model should be useful for better timing of field scouting programs for apothecia to aid in management of primary infection by M. vaccinii-corymbosi.

Information Matters: Government's Strategy to Build Capability in Managing Its Knowledge and Information Assets

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Woolf
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Information Assurance ◽  
Information Network ◽  
Data Loss ◽  
Delivery Model ◽  
Senior Leader ◽  
Information Assets ◽  
The Government ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article by Katie Woolf, formerly of the Government Knowledge and Information Network, looks at the new UK Government strategy for knowledge and information (KIM). Led by the Knowledge Council, the strategy sets out the principles and actions government must take to develop the capability it needs to manage corporate knowledge and information as the key business assets they are. It discusses how the strategy will be achieved through a departmental delivery model, the relationship of the strategy with the Information Assurance agenda post data loss scandals, and the need for senior leader engagement to be the driving force to building a culture that values KIM.

scholarly journals The degree at which the first three basic grades pupils practice the ethical values from the point of view of their teachers in the Southern Ghors District: مدى ممارسة طلبة الصفوف الثلاثة الأولى من المرحلة الأساسية للقيم الأخلاقية من وجهة نظر معلماتهم في لواء الأغوار الجنوبية

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar Eisa Salmeh Al-Khleifat, Ali Salmeh Daowd Al-khleifat
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Secondary Stage ◽  
Islamic Religion ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

This study aimed at identifying the degree at which the first three basic grades pupils practice the ethical values from the point of view of their teachers in the Southern Ghor District، as well as، the relationship of that with some variables. The researchers developed the study tool that consisted of، ( 27 ) items divided into three domains; the validity and reliability of the study tool were verified. The study sample consisted of (50) female teachers from those who teach the first three basic grades. The study results showed that، the degree at which the first three basic grades pupils practice the ethical values from the point of view of their teachers in the Southern Ghor، District، was high. The domain relating to (the relationship between the pupil and the teaching staff) was in the first place، followed by (the relationship between the pupil and his teacher)، and finally (the relationship between the pupil and his peers). The results showed that there are no statistically significant differences at ( α≤ 0.05 )، regarding the degree at which the first three basic grades pupils practice the ethical values from the point of view of their teachers in the Southern Ghor District attributed to the variables of the years of experience as well as educational qualification. In the light of the results، the study recommended that، the students should practice the ethical values in a high degree with their peers by educating the pupils regarding the brotherhood in our Islamic religion as well as practicing these behaviors in front of the students to reinforce them. The study also recommended about conducting a study that reveals the degree at which the secondary stage students practice the ethical values from the point of view of their teachers in the Southern Ghor District.

scholarly journals Deskripsi Perbedaan Tingkat Kepuasan dengan Tingkat Kepentingan Peserta Pelatihan pada Pelayanan Balai Pelatihan Kesehatan di Batam

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Supriyono Supriyono
Keyword(s):  
Call Center ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Health Training ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level Of Importance

This study aims to determine the picture of the relationship of differences in the level of satisfaction and the interests of trainees to the service in Batam of health training national. Population in this research is all training participant who use service. The sample in this research is saturated samples, where all the participants, with the number of respondents as many as 379 people. From the normality test results, obtained the result that all variables are no normal distribution, so the test used is Mann Whitney Test. The method of data collection is documentary search. The results of data processing are presented in the form of tables and graphs. From the satisfaction level obtained an average result of 5.38% stated not satisfied, with the worst service is on service to the complaint that is equal to 10% and best / highest in call center service   While the average interest rate of 0.08% of respondents stated that it is not important, with service is not important in marketing services, administration and toilet that is each of 0.3%, and service complaints of 0.2%.  The result of the research at 95% significance level obtained p value 0,00> 0,05 Thus it can be concluded that there is no difference of level of satisfaction and level of importance to service  in Batam of  health training national at 2016. 

scholarly journals ON FORECASTING THE INSURANCE MARKET IN RUSSIA AND IN THE ASTRAKHAN REGION

2018 ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Tatyana Vladimirovna Kotova ◽  
Ekaterina Vladimirovna Sokolova ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Chernikina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Insurance Market ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Positive Tendency ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
License Revocation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Relationship

Insurance companies, being one of the most important links in the financial system of the country, make a significant contribution to the development of the national economy. Insufficient stability and a low level of dynamics of insurance development are conditioned by poor capitalization of insurance companies and absence of methodological complex, which would allow to create financial strategy with high degree of efficiency. In the Russian Federation today there are 236 insurance companies, of them 61 are in the Astrakhan region. Every year insurance companies cease their activity due to the license revocation. The study of the insurance market of the Astrakhan region and Russia using modern methods of scientific research, including mathematical models, made it possible to establish the relationship of insurance indicators with GDP and GRP. Studying the developing insurance market allowed to infer about the expediency of using the indicator “depth of the insurance market”. The forecast of this indicator until 2020 was based on the consensus forecast of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation. Development of the insurance market and, consequently, the economy of the region and of the country is affected by many factors. The following indicators were considered as factors: dollar rate, price per gram of gold, MICEX index, central rate of the Central Bank of Russia, and the inflation rate. The constructed multifactorial regression model helped to establish the relationship between the volume of insurance premiums of voluntary insurance, the dollar exchange rate and the level of inflation. The given research algorithm can be used in various fields. The worked out forecast of the parameter of depth of insurance market in the Astrakhan region and Russia proved positive tendency in developing regional and Russian insurance market.

scholarly journals Association of electronic cigarette usage and nicotine consumption frequency of young adults in British Columbia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adora Kwong ◽  
BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health ◽  
Dale Chen
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Consumption Frequency ◽  
Nicotine Consumption ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background Electronic e-cigarette ever users has been increasing as of 2015, the most prevalent ever users being young adults aged 20-24 years old. The implication of e-cigarette ever user developing into long term users is a emerging public health concern. Methods Electronic cigarette usage frequency and nicotine consumption was measured through a self-administered online survey of young adults (n= 54). Survey was advertised through social media sites between January 2019 till February 2019. Descriptive and inferential statistic was conducted using NCSS 12 to examine the association between electronic cigarette usage and nicotine consumption. Results Among young adults aged 19 to 24 years old, the frequency of e-cigarette usage was 51% high usage, 31% no usage and 16% medium and low usage. For nicotine consumption, respondents were 25% daily, 40% no use, 18% infrequent, and 14.8% frequent. Conclusion There is an association between more frequent electronic cigarette usage and higher nicotine consumption among young adults in British Columbia. Frequency e-cigarette users were found to consumption nicotine at higher frequency then non users. Further research is needed to fully understand the extent of the relationship of if e-cigarette usage promotes daily nicotine consumption or daily nicotine consumption results in higher e-cigarette usage.  

scholarly journals Comparative genomics of Parolsenella catena and Libanicoccus massiliensis: Reclassification of Libanicoccus massiliensis as Parolsenella massiliensis comb. nov.

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1123-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuo Sakamoto ◽  
Nao Ikeyama ◽  
Takumi Murakami ◽  
Hiroshi Mori ◽  
Masahiro Yuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Monophyletic Cluster ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

Previous analyses based on 16S rRNA and hsp60 genes indicated that Parolsenella catena and Libanicoccus massiliensis were closely related to each other and formed a monophyletic cluster independent of the related Olsenella species. To clarify the relationship of these two species, we determined the genome sequence of P. catena JCM 31932T and compared it with that already sequenced for L. massiliensis Marseille-P3237T. Phylogenetic trees based on the concatenated 37 single-copy ribosomal proteins or RpoB robustly supported the relationship observed in the previous studies. Digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between P. catena JCM 31932T and L. massiliensis Marseille-P3237T were 32.6 and 87.8 %, respectively, indicating that P. catena JCM 31932T and L. massiliensis Marseille-P3237T are independent species. Alignment fraction and ANI values between the two genomes were 0.75 and 88.84 %, respectively, thus indicating that the two species should be classified into the same genus. The number of putative orthologous genes shared between the two genomes was 1321, which was significantly larger than those (482–928) reported between L. massiliensis Marseille-P3237T and other closely related species. In addition, the genome of P. catena JCM 31932T had a high degree of synteny conservation with that of L. massiliensis Marseille-P3237T. On the basis of these findings, we propose that L. massiliensis should be reclassified as Parolsenella massiliensis comb. nov.; the type strain is Marseille-P3237T (=JCM 33000T=CCUG 71182T).

The Relationship of Oxygen Consumption to Age and Weight During the Post-Embryonic Growth of Locusta Migratoria L

1957 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
KENNETH U. CLARKE
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Straight Lines ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Considerable Range

The weight and oxygen consumption of individual locusts, six from each instar, have been measured at 12-hourly intervals throughout each stadium. An analysis of short duration changes shows that fluctuations in live weight are unavoidable in the growing animal, and that they are accompanied by fluctuations in oxygen consumption. In time the latter lag behind the former. As the fluctuations of these two variables are out of phase, there is a considerable range of oxygen consumption which must be regarded as normal for any given weight. Calculations are made to find the limits of these fluctuations compatible with normal growth. The changes that occur during a stadium can be represented by a straight trend line for both weight and oxygen consumption. Exceptions occur in the case of weight of the adult where two straight lines are necessary, one for the growing phase and one for the steady phase of this instar. In certain cases in the fifth instar two straight lines are necessary to express the trend in oxygen consumption which may show an abrupt change in the middle of the stadium. A high degree of correlation is found between the trend lines for weight and oxygen consumption in the early instars. A low degree is found in latter instars where the weight increases and the oxygen consumption remains nearly constant. A curve representing the changes of weight and oxygen consumption that occur during the growth of the locust has been constructed.

Machine Learning Steel Ms Temperature

SIMULATION ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 003754972199557
Author(s):  
Yun Zhang ◽  
Xiaojie Xu
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Network Modeling ◽  
Gaussian Process Regression ◽  
Alloying Elements ◽  
Neural Network Modeling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Accuracy And Stability

Empirical equations, thermodynamics frameworks, and neural network modeling have been developed to predict steel martensite start temperature, [Formula: see text], but they might not tend to generalize well when composition includes a wide range of alloying elements. In this study, we develop the Gaussian process regression (GPR) model to shed light on the relationship between alloying elements and [Formula: see text] temperature for steels. A total of 1119 steels with [Formula: see text] ranging from 153 K to 938 K are examined. The model has a high degree of accuracy and stability, contributing to fast low-cost [Formula: see text] temperature estimations.

Functional heterogeneity and senior management team effectiveness

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascale Benoliel ◽  
Anit Somech
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Senior Management ◽  
Functional Heterogeneity ◽  
Role Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Value Differences ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – There has been an increasing trend toward the creation of senior management teams (SMTs) which are characterized by a high degree of functional heterogeneity. Although such teams may create better linkages to information, along with the benefits of functional heterogeneity comes the potential for conflicts that stem from the value differences among subcultures in an organization. These conflicts can adversely affect performance. The purpose of this paper is to examine how school leaders’ activities mediate the relationship of SMT functional heterogeneity to SMT effectiveness (in-role performance and innovation). Design/methodology/approach – Data, which were obtained through a survey, was collected from a sample of 92 schools in Israel. Data were collected from two sources (principals and SMT members) to minimize problems associated with same source and common method bias. Data were aggregated at the team level of analysis. Findings – The results of structural equation model indicated that principal’s internal activities enhanced SMT in-role performance whereas principals’ external activities enhanced SMT innovation. The results also showed that principal’s internal activities are full mediators of the relationship between functional heterogeneity and SMT in-role performance. Originality/value – This study has implications for policies involving the design and implementation of leadership tools to effectively manage SMTs. The results of this study can help principals to establish priorities and allocate their time and resources more effectively, both inward and outward the SMT boundary so as to assist functionally heterogeneous SMTs translating the benefits of functional heterogeneity into significant achievements.

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