Effects of a mindfulness app on employee stress: results of a randomised controlled trial in an Australian public sector workforce (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Bartlett ◽  
Angela J Martin ◽  
Michelle Kilpatrick ◽  
Petr Otahal ◽  
Kristy Sanderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Active Group ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Employee Stress ◽  
Randomised Controlled

BACKGROUND Workplace-based mindfulness programs (WMPs) have good evidence for improving employee stress and mental health outcomes, although less is known about effects on employee productivity and citizenship behaviours. Most of the supporting evidence for WMPs is derived from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of programs that use in-person or online class-based approaches. Mindfulness apps have potential to increase access to training for distributed workforces, but little is known about whether self-directed app use is sufficient to realise benefits equivalent to WMPs that include classes. OBJECTIVE This study primarily aimed to assess the effectiveness of a mindfulness app, both with and without supporting classes, for reducing employees’ perceived stress. Changes in participants’ mindfulness, mental health, quality of life, perceptions of job demand, control and support, productivity indicators, and observer-reported changes in citizenship and mindful behaviours at work were also investigated. METHODS A three-arm randomised controlled trial was conducted in an Australian public sector workforce. The app used in the Smiling Mind Workplace Program (SMWP) formed the basis of the intervention. The app has 43 elements, including lessons, activities and guided meditations, and is supported by four instructional emails delivered over eight weeks. Usage guides recommend 10-20 minutes engagement with the app, five days a week. Reported data were collected using online surveys at baseline (T0), three-months from baseline (T1), then at six-months follow-up (T2). At T0 respondents could nominate a work-based observer to answer some questions about the participant’s behaviours. Eligible participants (n=211) were randomly assigned to self-guided app use plus four one-hour classes (App+), self-guided app use (App-only), or wait-list control (WLC). Linear mixed effects models were used to assess changes in the two active groups compared with the WLC at T1, and for head-to-head comparison of the App+ and App-only groups at follow-up. RESULTS App engagement by the App+ group (35%) and App-only group (13%) was considerably lower than the recommended dose. Compared with the WLC at T1, no significant change in perceived stress was observed in either active group. However, the App+ group, but not the App-only group, reported lower psychological distress (= -1.77, SE=0.75, P=.02, d=0. -21) and higher mindfulness (=0.31, SE=0.12, P=.01, d=0.19). These beneficial effects were retained in the App+ group at six-months. No significant changes were observed in the other study outcomes. Compared with the WLC at T1, observers reported no significant changes in either active group, however, at T2 the App+ participants were more noticeably mindful and altruistic at work than App-only participants. CONCLUSIONS Including classes in the training protocol appears to have motivated engagement and led to benefits, while self-guided app-use did not realise any significant results. Effect sizes were smaller and less consistent than meta-analytic estimates for class-based mindfulness training. CLINICALTRIAL ANZCTR Ref: 12617001386325

scholarly journals Evaluating the effectiveness of a group-based resilience intervention versus psychoeducation for emergency responders in England: A randomised controlled trial

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241704
Author(s):  
Jennifer Wild ◽  
Shama El-Salahi ◽  
Michelle Degli Esposti ◽  
Graham R. Thew
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Emergency Responders ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Resilience Intervention

Background Emergency responders are routinely exposed to traumatic critical incidents and other occupational stressors that place them at higher risk of mental ill health compared to the general population. There is some evidence to suggest that resilience training may improve emergency responders’ wellbeing and related health outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a tertiary service resilience intervention compared to psychoeducation for improving psychological outcomes among emergency workers. Methods We conducted a multicentre, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial. Minim software was used to randomly allocate police, ambulance, fire, and search and rescue services personnel, who were not suffering from depression or post-traumatic stress disorder, to Mind’s group intervention or to online psychoeducation on a 3:1 basis. The resilience intervention was group-based and included stress management and mindfulness tools for reducing stress. It was delivered by trained staff at nine centres across England in six sessions, one per week for six weeks. The comparison intervention was psychoeducation about stress and mental health delivered online, one module per week for six weeks. Primary outcomes were assessed by self-report and included wellbeing, resilience, self-efficacy, problem-solving, social capital, confidence in managing mental health, and number of days off work due to illness. Follow-up was conducted at three months. Blinding of participants, researchers and outcome assessment was not possible due to the type of interventions. Results A total of 430 participants (resilience intervention N = 317; psychoeducation N = 113) were randomised and included in intent-to-treat analyses. Linear Mixed-Effects Models did not show a significant difference between the interventions, at either the post-intervention or follow-up time points, on any outcome measure. Conclusions The limited success of this intervention is consistent with the wider literature. Future refinements to the intervention may benefit from targeting predictors of resilience and mental ill health. Trial registration ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN79407277.

scholarly journals Decision aid on disclosure of mental health status to an employer: feasibility and outcomes of a randomised controlled trial

2013 ◽  
Vol 203 (5) ◽  
pp. 350-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Henderson ◽  
Elaine Brohan ◽  
Sarah Clement ◽  
Paul Williams ◽  
Francesca Lassman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Decision Aid ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Decisional Conflict ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Randomised Controlled

BackgroundMany mental health service users delay or avoid disclosing their condition to employers because of experience, or anticipation, of discrimination. However, non-disclosure precludes the ability to request ‘reasonable adjustments’. There have been no intervention studies to support decisionmaking about disclosure to an employer.AimsTo determine whether the decision aid has an effect that is sustained beyond its immediate impact; to determine whether a large-scale trial is feasible; and to optimise the designs of a larger trial and of the decision aid.MethodIn this exploratory randomised controlled trial (RCT) in London, participants were randomly assigned to use of a decision aid plus usual care or usual care alone. Follow-up was at 3 months. Primary outcomes were: (a) stage of decision-making; (b) decisional conflict; and (c) employment-related outcomes (trial registration number: NCT01379014).ResultsWe recruited 80 participants and interventions were completed for 36 out of 40 in the intervention group; in total 71 participants were followed up. Intention-to-treat analysis showed that reduction in decisional conflict was significantly greater in the intervention group than among controls (mean improvement −22.7 (s.d. = 15.2) v. −11.2 (s.d. = 18.1), P = 0.005). More of the intervention group than controls were in full-time employment at follow-up (P = 0.03).ConclusionsThe observed reduction in decisional conflict regarding disclosure has a number of potential benefits which next need to be tested in a definitive trial.

scholarly journals Effects of an automated digital brief prevention intervention targeting adolescents and young adults with risky alcohol and other substance use: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e034894
Author(s):  
Pia Kvillemo ◽  
Anna K Strandberg ◽  
Johanna Gripenberg ◽  
Anne H Berman ◽  
Charlotte Skoglund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Randomised Controlled

IntroductionAdolescence and young adulthood is a period in life when individuals may be especially vulnerable to harmful substance use. Several critical developmental processes are occurring in the brain, and substance use poses both short-term and long-term risks with regard to mental health and social development. From a public health perspective, it is important to prevent or delay substance use to reduce individual risk and societal costs. Given the scarcity of effective interventions targeting substance use among adolescents and young adults, cost-effective and easily disseminated interventions are warranted. The current study will test the effectiveness of a fully automated digital brief intervention aimed at reducing alcohol and other substance use in adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 25 years.Methods and analysisA two-arm, double-blind, randomised controlled trial design is applied to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. Baseline assessment, as well as 3-month and 6-month follow-up, will be carried out. The aim is to include 800 participants with risky substance use based on the screening tool CRAFFT (Car,Relax, Alone, Forget, Friends, Trouble). Recruitment, informed consent, randomisation, intervention and follow-up will be implemented online. The primary outcome is reduction in alcohol use, measured by Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test total score. Secondary outcomes concern binge drinking, frequency of alcohol consumption, amount of alcohol consumed a typical day when alcohol is consumed, average daily drinks per typical week, other substance use, mental health, sexual risk behaviours and perceived peer pressure. Moreover, the study involves analyses of potential moderators including perfectionism, openness to parents, help-seeking and background variables.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (no. 2019–03249). The trial is expected to expand the knowledge on digital preventive interventions for substance using adolescents and young adults. Results will be disseminated in research journals, at conferences and via the media.Trial registration number24 September 2019, ISRCTN91048246; Pre-results.

scholarly journals Effects of biomedical messages and expert-recommended messages on reducing mental health-related stigma: a randomised controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasutaka Ojio ◽  
Sosei Yamaguchi ◽  
Kazusa Ohta ◽  
Shuntaro Ando ◽  
Shinsuke Koike
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Useful Knowledge ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Aims Mental health-related stigma is a major challenge associated with the huge mental health treatment gap. It has remained unclear what kind of educational content is effective in reducing the stigma. Whether biomedical messages (BMM) about mental illness are effective or harmful in decreasing stigma is controversial. To investigate whether BMM can improve practically useful knowledge of mental illness, comparably to recommended messages (RCM) advocated by experts, of types such as ‘recovery-oriented’, ‘social inclusion/human rights’ and ‘high prevalence of mental illnesses’ through a randomised controlled trial (RCT). Method This study is an individual-level RCT with a parallel-group design over 1 year, conducted in Tokyo, Japan. A total of 179 participants (males n = 80, mean age = 21.9 years and s.d. = 7.8) were recruited in high schools and universities, and through a commercial internet advertisement in June and July 2017, without any indication that the study appertained to mental health. Participants were allocated to the BMM and RCM groups. They underwent a 10-min intervention, and completed self-report questionnaires during baseline, post-test, 1-month follow-up and 1-year follow-up surveys. The primary outcome measures were practically useful knowledge of mental illness at the post-test survey using the Mental Illness and Disorder Understanding Scale (MIDUS). Analysis was conducted in October 2018. Results Both groups demonstrated improved MIDUS score in the post-test survey, and showed similar intervention effects (F(1, 177) = 160.5, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.48). The effect of the interventions continued until the 1-year follow-up survey (B [95% CI] = −2.56 [−4.27, −0.85], p < 0.01), and showed no difference between groups. The reported adverse effect that BMM increase stigma was not confirmed. Conclusions BMM may have a positive impact on stigma, comparable to RCM. These findings may encourage reconsideration of the content of messages about mental health, as it is indicated that combining BMM and RCM might contribute to an effective anti-stigma programme.

scholarly journals Effects of brief family psychoeducation for caregivers of people with schizophrenia in Japan provided by visiting nurses: protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e034425
Author(s):  
Naonori Yasuma ◽  
Sayaka Sato ◽  
Sosei Yamaguchi ◽  
Asami Matsunaga ◽  
Takuma Shiozawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Visiting Nurses ◽  
Cluster Randomised ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Visiting Nurse

IntroductionDevelopment of a support system for families caring for people with schizophrenia in routine psychiatric care settings is an important issue worldwide. Regional mental health systems are inadequate for delivering effective services to such family members. Despite evidence that family psychoeducation (FPE) alleviates the burden of schizophrenia on families, its dissemination in routine clinical practice remains insufficient, suggesting the need for developing an effective and implementable intervention for family caregivers in the existing mental health system setting. In Japan, the visiting nurse service system would be a practical way of providing family services. Visiting nurses in local communities are involved in the everyday lives of people with schizophrenia and their families. Accordingly, visiting nurses understand their needs and are able to provide family support as a service covered by national health insurance. The purpose of this study is to discover whether a brief FPE programme provided by visiting nurses caring for people with schizophrenia will alleviate family burden through a cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT).Methods and analysisThe study will be a two-arm, parallel-group (visiting nurse agency) cRCT. Forty-seven visiting nurse agencies will be randomly allocated to the brief FPE group (intervention group) or treatment as usual group (control group). Caregivers of people with schizophrenia will be recruited by visiting nurses using a randomly ordered list. The primary outcome will be caregiver burden, measured using the Japanese version of Zarit Burden Interview. Outcome assessments will be conducted at baseline, 1-month follow-up and 6-month follow-up. Multiple levels of three-way interactions in mixed models will be used to examine whether the brief FPE programme will alleviate the burden on caregivers relative to treatment as usual.Ethics and disseminationThe Research Ethics Committee of the Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan (No 2019065NI) approved this study. The results will be published in a scientific peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberUMIN000038044.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of providing university students with a mindfulness-based intervention to increase resilience to stress: 1-year follow-up of a pragmatic randomised controlled trial

2020 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-214390
Author(s):  
Julieta Galante ◽  
Jan Stochl ◽  
Géraldine Dufour ◽  
Maris Vainre ◽  
Adam Peter Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
University Students ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Workload Management ◽  
Mindfulness Skills ◽  
Randomised Controlled

BackgroundThere is concern that increasing demand for student mental health services reflects deteriorating student well-being. We designed a pragmatic, parallel, single-blinded randomised controlled trial hypothesising that providing mindfulness courses to university students would promote their resilience to stress up to a year later. Here we present 1-year follow-up outcomes.MethodsUniversity of Cambridge students without severe mental illness or crisis were randomised (1:1, remote software-generated random numbers), to join an 8-week mindfulness course adapted for university students (Mindfulness Skills for Students (MSS)), or to mental health support as usual (SAU).ResultsWe randomised 616 students; 53% completed the 1-year follow-up questionnaire. Self-reported psychological distress and mental well-being improved in the MSS arm for up to 1 year compared to SAU (p<0.001). Effects were smaller than during the examination period. No significant differences between arms were detected in the use of University Counselling Service and other support resources, but there was a trend for MSS participants having milder needs. There were no differences in students’ workload management; MSS participants made more donations. Home practice had positive dose–response effects; few participants meditated. No adverse effects related to self-harm, suicidality or harm to others were detected.ConclusionLoss to follow-up is a limitation, but evidence suggests beneficial effects on students’ average psychological distress that last for at least a year. Effects are on average larger at stressful times, consistent with the hypothesis that this type of mindfulness training increases resilience to stress.Trial registration numberACTRN12615001160527.

scholarly journals Web-based decision aid tool for disclosure of a mental health condition in the workplace: a randomised controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 595-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Stratton ◽  
Isabella Choi ◽  
Rafael calvo ◽  
Ian Hickie ◽  
Claire Henderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Decision Aid ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Decisional Conflict ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Randomised Controlled

ObjectivesMaking decisions about disclosing a mental illness in the workplace is complicated. Decision aid tools are designed to help an individual make a specific choice. We developed a web-based decision aid to help inform decisions about disclosure for employees. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of this tool.MethodWe conducted a randomised controlled trial with recruitment, randomisation and data collection all online. Participants had access to the intervention for 2 weeks. Assessments occurred at baseline, postintervention and 6 weeks’ follow-up. The primary outcome was decisional conflict. Secondary outcomes were stage and satisfaction of decision-making and mental health symptoms.Results107 adult employees were randomised to READY (n=53) or the control (n=54). The sample was predominantly female (83.2%). Participants using READY showed greater reduction in decisional conflict at postintervention (F(1,104)=16.8, p<0.001) (d=0.49, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.9) and follow-up (F(1,104)=23.6, p<0.001) (d=0.61, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.9). At postintervention the READY group were at a later stage of decision-making (F(1,104)=6.9, p=0.010) which was sustained, and showed a greater reduction in depressive symptoms (F(1,104)=6.5, p=0.013). Twenty-eight per cent of READY users disclosed, and reported a greater improvement in mental health than those who did not disclose.ConclusionsREADY provides a confidential, flexible and effective tool to enhance employee’s decision-making about disclosure. Its use led to a comparative improvement in depressive symptoms compared with the current information provided by a leading mental health non-governmental organisation, without apparent harm. READY seems worth evaluating in other settings and, if these results are replicated, scaling for wider use.Trial registration numberACTRN12618000229279.

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