scholarly journals Characterization of Anorexia Nervosa on Social Media: textual, visual, relational, behavioral, and demographical analysis (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Ramírez-Cifuentes ◽  
Ana Freire ◽  
Ricardo Baeza-Yates ◽  
Nadia Sanz Lamora ◽  
Aida Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Transtheoretical Model ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
Control Group ◽  
And Control ◽  
Random Control

BACKGROUND Eating disorders are psychological conditions characterized by unhealthy eating habits. Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is defined by the thought of being overweight despite being dangerously underweight. Psychological signs involve emotional and behavioral issues. There is evidence that signs and symptoms can be manifested on social media, where both harmful and beneficial content is shared daily. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work is to characterize Spanish speaking users with Anorexia signs on Twitter through the extraction and inference of behavioral, demographical, relational, and multi-modal data. This analysis is focused on characterizing and comparing users at different stages of the process to overcome the illness, including treatment and full recovery periods considering the Transtheoretical Model of Health Behavior Change (TTM). METHODS We analyze tweets published by users going through different stages of Anorexia. Users are characterized through their writings, posting patterns, relations, and images. We analyze the differences among users going through each stage of the illness and control users (users not suffering from AN). We also analyze the topics of interest of their followees (users followed by them). We perform a clustering approach to distinguish users at an early phase of the illness (precontemplation) from users that recognize that their behavior is problematic (contemplation); and generate models dedicated to the detection of tweets and images related to AN. We consider two types of control users: focused control users that use terms related to anorexia; and random control users. RESULTS We found significant differences between users at each stage of the recovery process (P<.001) and control groups. Users with AN tend to tweet more at night, with a median sleep period tweeting ratio of 0.05 in comparison to random control users (0.04) and focused control users (0.03). Pictures are relevant for the characterization of users. Focused and random control users are characterized by the usage of text on their profile pictures. We also found a strong polarization between focused control users, and users at the first stages of the disorder. There was a strong correlation (Spearman’s coefficient) among the shared interest between users with AN and their followees (0.96). Also, the interests of recovered users and users in treatment were more highly correlated to those corresponding to the focused control group (0.87 for both) in comparison to AN’s users (0.67), suggesting a shift on users’ interest during the recovery process. CONCLUSIONS We have mapped signs of Anorexia Nervosa to the Social media context. These results enforce the findings of related work on other languages and involve a deep analysis on the topics of interest of users at each phase of the disorder. The features and patterns identified provide a basis for the development of detection tools and recommender systems.

scholarly journals Histological, biochemical and pharmacologycal characterization of the gastric muscular layer in Chagas disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 74-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wagner Carlucci ◽  
Reginaldo Ceneviva ◽  
Sérgio Henrique Ferreira ◽  
Orlando Castro de Silva
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Part ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Cholinergic Innervation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cholinergic Drugs ◽  
Gastric Musculature ◽  
And Control

PURPOSE: To assess in vitro the correlation between the number of neurons and the sensitivity to cholinergic drugs and acetylcholinesterase activity in chagasic patients. METHODS: A 3x1 cm strip of the muscle layer of the anterior part of the stomach, always close to the angular incisure, was removed from 10 chronic chagasic patients (6 men) submitted to megaesophagus or megacolon surgery and from 10 non-chagasic patients (4 men) submitted to other types of surgery (control group), aged on average 52.3 and 50.1 years, respectively, for histological and pharmacological studies. The action of cholinergic drugs was investigated in isolated preparations according to the superfusion method of Ferreira and Costa, and acetylcholinesterase activity was determined by the method of Ellman. For neuron count, the strips were cut into 8 µm sections according to the method standardized by Alcântara. RESULTS: There was a difference in number of neurons between the chagasic (5,6) and control (7,3) groups. Acetylcholinesterase activity, in moles of hydrolyzed substrate per minute per gram tissue, was reduced in chagasic patients (4,32) compared to the controls (7,30). No hypersensitivity of the gastric musculature to cholinergic drugs was detected, with a reduced maximum response to carbachol and betanechol in the chagasic group. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction of neurons in the myenteric plexus of the stomach of chronic chagasic patients can be demonstrated even in the absence of clinical chagasic gastropathy. The hypersensitivity of the gastric musculature to cholinergic drugs probably depends on intense denervation. The reduced acetylcholinesterase activity demonstrates the involvement of the cholinergic innervation in the stomach of chronic chagasic patients. There was no correlation between number of neurons, sensitivity to cholinergic drugs and acetylcholinesterase activity in the gastric musculature of chagasic and non-chagasic patients.

Bruxism Related to Violin Playing

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
F J Rodríguez Lozano ◽  
M R Sáez Yuguero ◽  
A Bermejo Fenoll
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Health Education Program ◽  
Professional Musicians ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Clinical Phenomenon ◽  
Violin Playing ◽  
Random Control

The violinist's profession involves situations of stress and tension, and bruxism is a clinical phenomenon that is occurring among these musicians with increasing frequency. Materials and Methods: We studied a group of 41 violinists from the region of Murcia in Spain, who completed clinical questionnaires designed to detect bruxism. The results were compared with those from a random control group who did not play any musical instrument. The SPSS 13.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. Evaluations were done with Pearson's chi-squared test. Results: In the study group, 73% were diagnosed with bruxism, whereas in the control group, only 34% suffered from this complaint. We found a statistically significant relationship (p<0.05) between violinists and the parafunctional bruxism habit. Conclusions: It could be said that violin playing can be a factor that predisposes or triggers the appearance of signs and symptoms of bruxism. It is necessary to establish a health education program and preventive measures for professional musicians in order to avoid the development or worsening of bruxism and related problems.

TNF-α and intPLA2 genes' polymorphism in anorexia nervosa

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 290-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Slopien ◽  
Filip Rybakowski ◽  
Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz ◽  
Piotr Czerski ◽  
Joanna Hauser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Intron 1 ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
And Control ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Objective:The aim of this study was the assessment of −308G/A tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α gene polymorphism and intPLA2 gene polymorphism in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and healthy controls.Subjects:We studied 91 non-related patients with AN and 144 healthy women (blood donors and students). The mean age of women from study group was 18.22 years (SD ± 3.13 years) and from control group was 31.71 years (SD ± 8.22).Methods:Gene polymorphisms were studied with the use of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. TNF-α gene polymorphism consists of G/A substitution in −308 promoter region. IntPLA2 gene polymorphism is related to intron 1, in which restrictive region is found and recognized by BanI enzyme.Results:We did not obtain statistically significant differences in the frequency of genotypes and alleles of −308G/A TNF-α polymorphism between the study and control groups (genotypes: P = 0.106, alleles: P = 0.076). We did analogous analysis in the restrictive and bulimic subgroups. We did not observe statistically relevant differences in the frequency of genotypes (P = 0.700) and alleles (P = 0.305). We did not obtain statistically relevant difference in the frequency of genotypes and alleles of intPLA2 gene between the study group and controls (genotypes: P = 0.300, alleles: P = 0.331). We did analogous analysis in both subgroups of AN. We did not observe statistically relevant differences in the frequency of genotypes (P = 0.344) and alleles (P = 0.230).Conclusions:There was no statistically relevant trend for the association between TNF-α polymorphism and AN. We did not find association between studied polymorphism of intPLA2 gene and risk of AN.

scholarly journals Implementation of the EIRA 3 Intervention by Targeting Primary Health Care Practitioners: Effectiveness in Increasing Physical Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10537
Author(s):  
Sara Contreras-Martos ◽  
Alfonso Leiva ◽  
Álvaro Sanchez ◽  
Emma Motrico ◽  
Juan Bellón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Transtheoretical Model ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Community Resources ◽  
Multiple Health Behavior Change ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that physical inactivity (PI) is responsible for 20 to 30% of all non-communicable diseases. We aimed to analyze the effectiveness of a multiple health behavior change (MHBC) intervention to increase physical activity (PA) in patients 45 to 75 years old who had at least 2 of 3 unhealthy behaviors (tobacco use, reduced fruit and vegetable consumption, and insufficient PA). The MHBC intervention is based on the Transtheoretical Model and the conceptual framework of the “5 A’s” and includes an individually tailored intervention, group sessions, and the use of community resources. We included 3062 participants, 1481 in the intervention group and 1581 in the control group. After 12 months, there were no differences in PA intensity measured by metabolic_equivalent_of_task_minutes/week (adjusted mean difference: 284.093, 95% CI: −298.24, 866.42) nor in the proportion of participants who increased PA levels to moderate or high (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.85, 1.23; p = 0.822), and no differences in blood pressure, weight loss, or waist circumference. We found an increased proportion of patients in the intervention group who followed the WHO recommendations for PA (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.60; p = 0.02). We concluded that the intervention did not lead to a significant increase in PA.

scholarly journals Effect of Naso-respiratory Obstruction with Mouth Breathing on Dentofacial and Craniofacial Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Saraswata Acharya ◽  
Lipika Mali ◽  
Abhik Sinha ◽  
Smruti Bhusan Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Mouth Breathing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Respiratory Obstruction ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Dentofacial Development ◽  
And Control

Objective: To evaluate the effects of mouth breathing on craniofacial and dentofacial development during childhood in comparison to nasal breathing in malocclusion patients.Materials & Method: A retrospective study done at SOA University. Cephalometric parameters and clinical variables of 90 pediatric patients who had undergone orthodontic treatment were reviewed. Study group included 40 pediatric patients who suffered from signs and symptoms of nasal obstruction, and control group included 50 patients who were normal nasal breathers. Dental and craniofacial parameters were compared between nasal breathers and mouth breathers using clinical and cephalometric records.Result: The mouth breathers had backward and downward rotation of mandible with increased overjet, increased mandibular plane angle, higher palatal plane, and constriction of upper and lower arches at the level of cuspids and first molars when compared with nasal breathers group. The prevalence of posterior cross bite was observed greater in mouth breathers group (40%) than the nose breathers (20%) (p =0.006). Abnormal lip-to-tongue anterior oral seal was seen more in the mouth breathers group (55%) than in nose breathers group (25%) (p = 0.05).Conclusion: Naso-respiratory obstruction with mouth breathing during growth periods in children has a greater tendency for clockwise rotation of growing mandible, with an irregular increase in anterior lower vertical face height and decreased posterior facial height. 

Benefit effect of naloxone in benzodiazepines intoxication: Findings of a preliminary study

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 535-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Solhi ◽  
Babak Mostafazadeh ◽  
Hamid Reza Khoddami Vishteh ◽  
Ali Reza Ghezavati ◽  
Ali Shooshtarizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Drug Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Level Of Consciousness ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
And Control ◽  
Addition Level

Background: Naloxone, as a low-priced and available drug, may be useful in improvement of signs and symptoms of benzodiazepines intoxication. The aim of this study was assessment of its effect on benzodiazepines poisoning. Methods: In this clinical-trial study, patients with typical signs and symptoms of benzodiazepines poisoning, who were referred to a poisoning center in Tehran in 2008, were selected. After recording of patients’ characteristics, supportive treatment was initiated and patients were randomly assigned to the case group with intravenous (IV) injection of two 0.4 mg naloxone ampules or to the control group. Their signs and symptoms were evaluated again 0.5 hour later. Each of diazepam, clonazepam and alperazolam drug group had 30 patients and lorazepam drug group had 26 patients, half of which patients in each drug group received naloxone. Results: Most of the participants were female and the mean age was 28 years. There were no significant differences between case and control groups in age, sex, time of drug consumption, tablet counts, signs and symptoms and level of consciousness at the admission time in each drug types. After naloxone injection in case groups, all signs and symptoms significantly improved in all drug types in comparison to control groups except nystagmus. In addition, level of consciousness significantly improved in case groups in all drug types except lorazepam. Conclusion: Findings of the study showed that naloxone is effective in management of benzodiazepines poisoning. However, future clinical trials with greater sample size are recommened.

scholarly journals Correction: Characterization of Anorexia Nervosa on Social Media: Textual, Visual, Relational, Behavioral, and Demographical Analysis

10.2196/33447 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. e33447
Author(s):  
Diana Ramírez-Cifuentes ◽  
Ana Freire ◽  
Ricardo Baeza-Yates ◽  
Nadia Sanz Lamora ◽  
Aida Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa

scholarly journals Correction: Characterization of Anorexia Nervosa on Social Media: Textual, Visual, Relational, Behavioral, and Demographical Analysis (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Ramírez-Cifuentes ◽  
Ana Freire ◽  
Ricardo Baeza-Yates ◽  
Nadia Sanz Lamora ◽  
Aida Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa

Transtheoretical model for change in obese adolescents: MERC randomized clinical trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 2272-2285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel de Melo Boff ◽  
Marina Alves Dornelles ◽  
Ana Maria Pandolfo Feoli ◽  
Andreia da Silva Gustavo ◽  
Margareth da Silva Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Transtheoretical Model ◽  
Readiness To Change ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Transtheoretical Model Of Change ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

The randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of an intervention based on the Transtheoretical Model of Change on anthropometric, metabolic and motivational outcomes in obese adolescents. A total of 135 male and female adolescents were randomized to two groups: intervention group ( n = 65) and control group ( n = 70). The adolescents were evaluated 1 week before the interventions began and at the end of 12 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in the outcome variables. Intervention group reported magnitude of effect more expressive on body mass index percentile, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, readiness to change diet and readiness to start exercise.

scholarly journals Computerized occlusal analysis in bruxism

2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 22-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vojkan Lazic ◽  
Aleksandar Todorovic ◽  
Slavoljub Zivkovic ◽  
Zeljko Martinovic
Keyword(s):  
Rhythmic Activity ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Bruxism ◽  
Masticatory Muscles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Occlusal Force ◽  
Tooth Grinding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Introduction. Sleep bruxism as nocturnal parafunction, also known as tooth grinding, is the most common parasomnia (sleep disorder). Most tooth grinding occurs during rapid eye movement - REM sleep. Sleep bruxism is an oral habit characterized by rhythmic activity of the masticatory muscles (m. masseter) that causes forced contact between dental surfaces during sleep. Sleep bruxism has been associated with craniomandibular disorders including temporomandibular joint discomfort, pulpalgia, premature loss of teeth due to excessive attrition and mobility, headache, muscle ache, sleep interruption of an individual and problems with removable and fixed denture. Basically, two groups of etiological factors can be distinguished, viz., peripheral (occlusal) factors and central (pathophysiological and psychological) factors. The role of occlusion (occlusal discrepancies) as the causative factor is not enough mentioned in relation to bruxism. Objective. The main objective of this paper was to evaluate the connection between occlusal factors and nocturnal parafunctional activities (occlusal disharmonies and bruxism). Method. Two groups were formed- experimental of 15 persons with signs and symptoms of nocturnal parafunctional activity of mandible (mean age 26.6 years) and control of 42 persons with no signs and symptoms of bruxism (mean age 26.3 yrs.). The computerized occlusal analyses were performed using the T-Scan II system (Tekscan, Boston, USA). 2D occlusograms were analyzed showing the occlusal force, the center of the occlusal force with the trajectory and the number of antagonistic tooth contacts. Results. Statistically significant difference of force distribution was found between the left and the right side of the arch (L%-R%) (t=2.773; p<0.02) in the group with bruxism. The difference of the centre of occlusal force - COF trajectory between the experimental and control group was not significant, but the trajectory of COF was longer in the group of bruxists (67.3?24.4mm). In addition, the significant difference of COF position in relation to the center of the elliptic fields was not found in bruxists (?2=1.63; p> 0.05), but obtained results directly revealed uneven distribution of the occlusal forces which caused the excessive attrition and mobility of tooth. Conclusion. Our study failed to find direct correlation between occlusal factors and bruxism, so they are basically contributing factors.

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