Birth and Death Notification for improving Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS): an innovation from Rural Bangladesh (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tazeen Tahsina ◽  
Afrin Iqbal ◽  
Ahmed Ehsanur Rahman ◽  
Suman Kanti Chowdhury ◽  
Atique Iqbal Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
World Health ◽  
Call Centre ◽  
Civil Registration ◽  
Facility Births

BACKGROUND Background: A health care delivery through estimating disease burden and cause of death. An effective system of Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) is fundamental to the rational operation of health care services. ‘Notification’ of occurrence of the vital events can be a step for designing a comprehensive CRVS system for countries. OBJECTIVE Objectives: Our primary objective was to asses-i) the proportion of events identified by the notification systems (success rate) and contribution of different notifiers individually and in combination/s (completeness),ii) the proportion of events notified within specific time limits (timeliness of notifications) and iii) feasibility of domiciliary workers to conduct verbal autopsies. METHODS Methods: We conducted a pilot study in 2016 in two sub-districts of Bangladesh to understand whether accurate, timely and complete information on births and deaths can be collected and notified by facility based service providers, community health workers, local government authorities and key informants from community. Our primary objective was to assess the proportion of events identified by the notification systems (success rate) and contribution of different notifiers individually and in combination. For each notifier we designed a mobile technology-based platform; an application and a call centre through which the notification was provided. All notifications were verified through confirmation of events by family members during a visit to the concerned household. A household survey-based assessment was undertaken at the end of the notification period. RESULTS Results: A total of 13,377 notifications for births and deaths were received from all channels. Verification success rate was 92% for birth and 93% for death and the unique event rates were 57% for birth and 53% for deaths. The household survey conducted among a sub sample of project population identified 1,204 births and 341 deaths. Over 87% of births and 65% of deaths were captured through the notification system. 77% of home and 66% of facility births were captured by Health Assistants (HAs) alone. Family Welfare Assistants (FWAs) were able to notify around 26% of home birth and 17% among the facility births. This was followed by Community Health Care Providers (CHCPs) covering 14% of home and 15% of facility births.52% of facility deaths and 42% of home deaths were captured by HAs. Almost 18% of home and 21% of facility deaths were captured by FWAs while these were 22% and 20% respectively by CHCPs. 88% of births and 86% of deaths were covered by HAs, FWAs and CHCPs combined. CONCLUSIONS Conclusion: The global investment plan for CRVS scaling up 2015 to 2024 and the World Health Organization (WHO) reiterated the importance building evidence base for improving CRVS. Our pilot innovation revealed that it is possible to tap into the routine health information system for notification on births and deaths as a first step to ensure registration. HAs could capture more than half of the notifications as a standalone source

scholarly journals Benefits of linking civil registration and vital statistics with identity management systems for measuring and achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3 indicators

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Mills ◽  
Jane Kim Lee ◽  
Bahie Mary Rassekh
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
Civil Registration ◽  
National Identification ◽  
The Government

Abstract A complete civil registration and vital statistics system is the best source of data for measuring most of the Sustainable Development Goal 3 indicators. However, civil registration does not include migration data, which are necessary for calculating the actual number of people living in a given area and their characteristics such as age and sex. This information is needed to facilitate planning, for example, for school places, health care, infrastructure, etc. It is also needed as the denominator for the calculation of a range of health and socioeconomic indicators. Obtaining and using these data can be particularly beneficial for measuring and achieving universal health coverage (Target 3.8), because civil registration can help to identify persons in need of health care and enable decision-makers to plan for the delivery of essential services to all persons in the country, including the most disadvantaged populations. By assigning unique identification numbers to individuals, for example, at birth registration, then using these numbers to link the individuals’ data from civil registration, national identification, and other functional registers, including registers for migration and health care, more accurate and disaggregated population values can be obtained. This is also a key to improving the effectiveness of and access to social services such as education, health, social welfare, and financial services. When civil registration system in a country is linked with its national identification system, it benefits both the government and its citizens. For the government, having reliable and up-to-date vital events information on its citizens supports making informed program and policy decisions, ensuring the accurate use of funds and monitoring of development programs at all levels. For individuals, it makes it easier to prove one’s identity and the occurrence of vital events to claim public services such as survivor benefits or child grants.

scholarly journals Process Evaluation on Community Health Information System in South-East Zone Tigray 2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesaud Mohammedbirhan Adem ◽  
Tesfay G Gebrehiwot ◽  
Mengistu H Tequar ◽  
Taddele W Awalom
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Information System ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Health Information System ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Post ◽  
Implementation Status

Abstract Back ground: As per the world health organization (WHO), Health Information System (HIS) is one of the six building blocks of the health system. Nations establish their HIS as per their context. Generally HIS regarding data management (the ability to collect, store, analyze and distribute data) is limited in Sub Saharan African countries (1).However, literatures found were not able to show the magnitude of the problems of the program implementation status. As the result of the announcement of WHO “health for all”, global health initiatives started to improve community health aligned with millennium development goals which emphasized the need to strengthen the primary health care to decrease child mortality, improve maternal health, and combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other communicable and non-communicable diseases. So community health information System became public health issue in Ethiopia (2).Cognizant of the importance of health information Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) started reform of health information system and monitoring and evaluation (M&E) components to solve the data collection, reporting gaps and to strengthen the information Utilization (2).As the result of the above scenario, FMOH started to strengthen the HMIS and its principles standardization, specification, integration so as to improve the data collection, summation, analysis and dissemination for decision and action. Here Community Health Information System was scaled-up along with HMIS (2). Community Health Information System (CHIS) was designed to standardize data collection and integrate data systems to provide relevant information for decision-making at the health posts and to feed the HMIS on a regular basis. Family folder is a pouch, which is the main part of CHIS, is a data collection tool designed by the FMoH for Health Extension Workers (HEWs) to document both individual and household level data to be utilized as a source of information at the grass root level(3)Unlike the health centers` and hospitals` in health post there were different types of unorganized registers which were used to collect information on services provided within a single health domain, sometimes requiring a large group of registers to cover all health domains related to population. In addition, there was no any mechanism to identify which group of people needs, which type of health care services .But family folder informs patient care through the data contained in individual and family records, identifies patients in need of care through a set of tickler files, and enables reporting through supplementary tally sheets and family folder cards. The overall design of the FF innovation was to simplify the workflow of the community health worker and focus health care delivery at the community level (4).Methods: The study focused on process evaluation, on the implementation of CHIS in South-East Zone in Tigray. South East Zone was purposely selected due to the short distance to Mekelle that indirectly helped to reduce cost. Process evaluation, normative evaluation approach was used; Quantitative data was used to assess the implementation of CHIS in south east zone Tigray. A descriptive evaluation designs also used to describe activities which the program carried out. The sampling area was health posts found in south-east zone Tigray which were randomly selected from the nearest kushet to the health post and the Sample size was 634 family folders & respective houses. The dimensions used for the evaluation were: availability, compliance, completeness and consistency. These dimensions were helped to assess the CHIS implementation status in the south-east zone in Tigray.Results: Generally the result of this study is very good (87.48%), the availability of CHIS tools is 88.7%, compliance 92.54%, completeness 95.8% & consistency is 68.16%. The availability of Inks & brushes was 29% which is very low. 30% of the HEWs were using field book as a replacement of FF, 64.7% of health posts used more than 10 parallel recording and 76.4 % of health posts used reporting formats. In some health posts there was difference between expected and actual households registered in family folder. The consistency of the data between family folder and master family index was 97.7% and between family folder and households was 80%.Conclusion & recommendation: the implementation status of CHIS is very good but TRHB & stakeholders should give attention to strengthen the program and to stop parallel recording & reporting tools and CHIS should be revised and transformed in to e-CHIS.

scholarly journals Visualising Primary Health Care: World Health Organization Representations of Community Health Workers, 1970–89

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Medcalf ◽  
João Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Community Health Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
World Health ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

For the World Health Organization (WHO), the 1978 Alma-Ata Declaration marked a move away from the disease-specific and technologically-focused programmes of the 1950s and 1960s towards a reimagined strategy to provide ‘Health for All by the Year 2000’. This new approach was centred on primary health care, a vision based on acceptable methods and appropriate technologies, devised in collaboration with communities and dependent on their full participation. Since 1948, the WHO had used mass communications strategies to publicise its initiatives and shape public attitudes, and the policy shift in the 1970s required a new visual strategy. In this context, community health workers (CHWs) played a central role as key visual identifiers of Health for All. This article examines a period of picturing and public information work on the part of the WHO regarding CHWs. It sets out to understand how the visual politics of the WHO changed to accommodate PHC as a new priority programme from the 1970s onwards. The argument tracks attempts to define CHWs and examines the techniques employed by the WHO during the 1970s and early 1980s to promote the concept to different audiences around the world. It then moves to explore how the process was evaluated, as well as the difficulties in procuring fresh imagery. Finally, the article traces these representations through the 1980s, when community approaches came under sustained pressure from external and internal factors and imagery took on the supplementary role of defending the concept.

scholarly journals Community health and public health nursing

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-96
Author(s):  
Carmen Maria Santos Lopes Monteiro Cunha ◽  
Andreia Cátia Jorge Silva Costa ◽  
Maria Adriana Pereira Henriques
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Community Health ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Nursing ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Health Nursing

Community health and public health nursing is a relevant issue in the context of the Portuguese National Health System reforms. International organizations, such as the World Health Organization, have emphasized the importance of nurses in community and public health care, and international studies report ongoing changes in this area in many countries. Through a Systematic Literature Review, conducted in early 2019, following an Equator Network protocol, Systematic Reviews, CRD's guidance for undertaking reviews in health care, prepared by York University, we addressed the research issue: what has been published about community health and public health nurse competencies and interventions. The inclusion of articles followed PRISMA 2009 and 36 of the total number of publications were selected. The contributions refer to the expansion of nurses’ competences, events such as health fairs, nutrition, and caries assessments, performance in contexts of natural disasters, development of management skills, understanding and influencing the making of public health policies. With the ongoing public health reform taking place in Portugal, it is also a good opportunity for nursing to investigate, produce, innovate, and recreate itself.

Mental health care delivery in poor settings through trained female community health workers: A five-year intervention program in Somaliland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yakoub Aden Abdi ◽  
Nasir Ibrahim Said ◽  
Yusuf Abdi Hared ◽  
Ismail Ayeh ◽  
Said Ahmed Walhad
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Community Health Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
World Health ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Female Community

Background: The situation of mental health globally is alarming particularly in developing countries. In Somaliland/Somalia, every third person may be suffering from some sort of mental illness according to the World Health Organization. Major barriers to improve mental health include stigma and lack of skilled human resources. Objectives: The aim was to explore the feasibility of organizing integrated community-based mental, epilepsy and mother and child health services delivered by trained female community health workers (FCHWs) in three urban sites (Borama, Baki and Dila) in the Awdal Region, Somaliland. Methods: After selection of the 3 project sites and recruitment and training of project staff, a baseline survey was carried out. First, the sites were properly mapped based on existing geographical administrative sectors and sub-sectors of the sites. Then a representative sample of 2,722 households was randomly selected from all the 3 sites. The female head of each of those households were then interviewed using a questionnaire containing 22 questions on the target groups. The questionnaire responses were coded, and data analysed using Statistical software program, SPSS. After the baseline survey, the FCHWs were deployed in the sites assigning a specified area to each female worker. The FCHWs worked 6 hours per day 6 days per week and were required to visit 6 families each day including follow-ups. Their activities included identification of patients with severe mental illness (SMI) or with epilepsy, counselling, distribution of medications, follow-up of patients already on medication, referral, stigma reduction and documentation of their daily activities in logbooks. Results: The baseline study showed that 12% of the households were taking care of at least one person with SMI each, while 7% had one person with epilepsy each. Of the patients with SMI, 18% were on chains. During the project period (2015-2019), the number of people with SMI or with epilepsy who benefited from the project was 2.225 and 738 respectively and their families empowered through increased mental health awareness. Among the patients with SMI, 237 were on chains before intervention and 85% of them were successfully released from their shackles. Conclusions: This project has shown that deployment of trained and supported FCHWs can be used to reduce the mental health care gap in Somaliland. It is suggested as a model project which could, hopefully, be replicated and tested in other similar settings.

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