Understanding the Nature of Metadata – A Deep Insight in the Literature (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Ulrich ◽  
Ann-Kristin Kock-Schoppenhauer ◽  
Noemi Deppenwiese ◽  
Robert Gött ◽  
Jori Kern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Review Process ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Metadata Standards ◽  
Harmonization Process ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Metadata Processing ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Broad Overview

BACKGROUND Metadata are created to describe the corresponding data in a detailed and unambiguous way and are used for various applications in different research areas, e.g. data identification and classification. However, the clear definition of metadata is crucial for further use. However, experience with the processing and management of metadata has shown that the term "metadata" and its use is not always unambiguous. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to understand the nature of metadata definition and the resulting impact on information reuse. METHODS A systematic literature search performed in this paper is conducted in accordance with the PRISMA Guidelines for Reporting on Systematic Reviews. Five research questions were identified to streamline the review process addressing the characteristics, metadata standards, use cases and encountered problems. The review is preceded by a process of harmonization in order to achieve a general understanding of the terms used. RESULTS The harmonization process resulted in a clear set of definitions for metadata processing focusing on data integration. The following literature review was conducted by ten reviewers with different backgrounds and using the harmonized definitions. The review included 81 peer-reviewed papers from the last decade after different filtering steps to identify the most relevant papers. The five research questions could be answered, resulting in a broad overview of standards, use cases, problems and corresponding solutions for the application of metadata in different research areas. CONCLUSIONS Metadata can be a powerful tool for identifying, describing and processing information, but its meaningful creation is costly and challenging. The review process discovered many standards, use cases, problems and solutions in dealing with metadata and gave a broad overview of the topic. The harmonized definitions and the new schema should improve the classification and creation of metadata by enabling a common understanding of metadata and its context.

scholarly journals Megaprojects redefined – complexity vs cost and social imperatives

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Pitsis ◽  
Stewart Clegg ◽  
Daphne Freeder ◽  
Shankar Sankaran ◽  
Stephen Burdon
Keyword(s):  
Case Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Complex Matrix ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Contractual Arrangements ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Organizational Relations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Broad Overview

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview from the literature on how best to define megaprojects in contemporary contexts. There is a need for a definition that encompasses a complex matrix of characteristics, inclusive of positive and negative aspects, which are not necessarily industry or sector specific. Whilst megaprojects have often been described and defined in terms of cost, they are more accurately delineated by their convolutions. Intricacies arise from political intrigues surrounding funding of such projects and managing and governing complex social and organizational relations. Points for future research are also identified. Design/methodology/approach An analysis of international megaproject literature over the past five years combined with seminal works was undertaken, drawing on the broad literature of project and program management combined with elements of organizational theory. Whilst some examples are cited, in-depth case analysis has not been covered. Findings Albeit that the scale of some megaprojects is comparable to national GDPs, seven more characteristics beyond size have been identified, which distinguish megaprojects from large projects. These include: reach; duration; risks and uncertainties; widely disparate actors; areas of controversy such as dispute resolution; and legal and regulatory issues. Research limitations/implications The paper takes a broad overview and whilst some examples are cited, in-depth case analysis has not been covered. The overview does however provide a good synopsis of the future research areas that warrant exploration. Practical implications The paper identifies a range of analytical areas for major future research including further exploration of institutional analysis. Areas for further analysis include stakeholder issues; collaboration and understanding between technical and business personnel and reforming notions of procurement and contractual arrangements. Social implications Rigorous stakeholder engagement is critical for success in megaprojects, and collaborative learnings need to be exchanged. The longer term social and economic impacts need to be viewed as an imperative rather than a hindrance to the planning and execution of megaprojects and complexity rather than cost more aptly defines megaprojects. Originality/value The paper moves the definition of megaprojects to beyond measurement on the basis of cost to complexity and social and economic variables.

Reference Conundrum: The Broad Definition of Peer-Review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody Fullerton
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Peer Review Process ◽  
Academic Publishing ◽  
Inaccurate Information ◽  
The Core ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Reference Interactions ◽  
Definition Of

For years, the gold-standard in academic publishing has been the peer-review process, and for the most part, peer-review remains a safeguard to authors publishing intentionally biased, misleading, and inaccurate information. Its purpose is to hold researchers accountable to the publishing standards of that field, including proper methodology, accurate literature reviews, etc. This presentation will establish the core tenants of peer-review, discuss if certain types of publications should be able to qualify as such, offer possible solutions, and discuss how this affects a librarian's reference interactions.

scholarly journals Promotion of Resilience in Migrants: A Systematic Review of Study and Psychosocial Intervention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ciaramella ◽  
Nadia Monacelli ◽  
Livia Concetta Eugenia Cocimano
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychosocial Intervention ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Migrant Population ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThis systematic review aimed to contribute to a better and more focused understanding of the link between the concept of resilience and psychosocial interventions in the migrant population. The research questions concerned the type of population involved, definition of resilience, methodological choices and which intervention programmes were targeted at migrants. In the 90 articles included, an heterogeneity in defining resilience or not well specified definition resulted. Different migratory experiences were not adequately considered in the selection of participants. Few resilience interventions on migrants were resulted. A lack of procedure’s descriptions that keep in account specific migrants’ life-experiences and efficacy’s measures were highlighted.

scholarly journals The SoftWipe tool and benchmark for assessing coding standards adherence of scientific software

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Zapletal ◽  
Dimitri Höhler ◽  
Carsten Sinz ◽  
Alexandros Stamatakis
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Software Selection ◽  
Scientific Software ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Coding Standards ◽  
Scientific Results

AbstractScientific software from all areas of scientific research is pivotal to obtaining novel insights. Yet the coding standards adherence of scientific software is rarely assessed, even though it might lead to incorrect scientific results in the worst case. Therefore, we have developed an open source tool and benchmark called , that provides a relative software coding standards adherence ranking of 48 computational tools from diverse research areas. can be used in the review process of software papers and to inform the scientific software selection process.

Complaint Response Strategies in Interpersonally Sensitive Phone Interactions in Chinese Service

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 153-180
Author(s):  
Ping Liu ◽  
Min Cai
Keyword(s):  
Call Center ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Customer Complaints ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Complaint Handling ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Pragmatic Strategies

For any business organizations, it is of great importance to handle customer complaints effectively. This is particularly vital in the service industry as complaining customers are found not very collaborative and tend to be emotional in the process of complaining [1] and sometimes the exchanges between agents and complaining customers become interpersonally sensitive. Following Orthaber and Reiter’s [2] definition of “interpersonally sensitive exchange”, this study addresses two research questions: (1) what pragmatic strategies are employed by call center agents in interpersonally sensitive interactions in complaint responses? 2) and what are the effects of these strategies on interpersonal relationship in complaint responses? Based on a corpus of 42 outbound calls (approximately 7.5 hours) made by the agents in the Complaint Centre of one Chinese airline, four conventional and two unconventional complaint response strategies are found to be employed by the agents. These strategies produce positive outcomes in some cases while lead to opposite effects in others. An effective strategy can either enhance the rapport between the agent and the complaining customer, or benefit the progressivity of complaint handling. Conversely, it deteriorates the originally sensitive rapport and sometimes even leads to upgraded complaint.

scholarly journals Emergency: definitions, problems and solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
V.P. Мiroshnychenko
Keyword(s):  
External Environment ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

Emergency situations constantly accompany the external environment and society bringing major material losses and human casualties. The definitions and general patterns for the development of emergency situations and their role in accidents and disasters were discussed. Actually, there is no single concept in the definition of an emergency. Based on the ana-lysis, the content of the subject was formulated: an emergency is a state of natural and anthropogenic activity in the external environment and society. The mechanism of the emergency situation development is presented. The reason for changing the normative definition of the concept of emergency situation has been substantiated.

scholarly journals Digital Transformation using Iot in Smart Environment Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Smart Services ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Searching Strategy ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Traffic Control System ◽  
Research Questions

With increasing usage of technologies and smart solutions smart cities are developed and enabled with many smart services. This paper has conducted a systematic literature review to find out IOT applications and its role in Traffic Control System. The review protocol is formulated to define some of the research questions, searching strategy, selection criteria of papers and how data is extracted. This paper contributed towards one main issue: The various research areas of Internet of Things and Role of IOT in the Traffic Control Services? All the papers were categorized by the application services of IOT and Traffic Control services they discussed. All the recent work were categorised under the application in various area like traffic and transport; Agriculture; Security; Healthcare; energy management; city infrastructure; and modes of transport. This paper reviews the various methods of traffic control system in different perspective of different IOT application areas.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Report of Advisor Perceptions of Advising and of a Profession

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon A. Aiken-Wisniewski ◽  
Anna Johnson ◽  
Joshua Larson ◽  
Jason Barkemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Academic Advising ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Global Community ◽  
Academic Advisor ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Definition Of

Practicing advisors may not agree, know, or understand that advising does not meet the scholarly definition of a profession. Through a phenomenological study, members of NACADA: The Global Community for Academic Advising were invited to describe the position of academic advisor. The data gathered were used to address two research questions: “How do advisors describe the occupation of advising?” and “How do advisors describe a profession?” Answers to these questions provided a foundation to understand advisors' views of advising as an occupation, definition of their own career, and understanding of a profession as it relates to advising.

scholarly journals Student eXperience: A Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9543
Author(s):  
Nicolás Matus ◽  
Cristian Rusu ◽  
Sandra Cano
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Student Experience ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Quality In Higher Education

Students’ experiences have been covered by a large number of studies in different areas. Even so, the concept of student experience (SX) is diffuse, as it does not have a widely accepted meaning and is often shaped to the specific purposes of each study. Understanding this concept allows educational institutions to better address the needs of students. For this reason, we conducted a systematic literature review addressing the concept of SX in higher education, specifically aiming at undergraduate students. In this work, we approach the concept of SX from the perspective of customer experience (CX), based on the premise that students are users of higher education institutions’ products, systems and/or services. We reviewed articles published between 2011 and 2021, indexed in five databases (Scopus, Web of Sciences, ACM digital, IEEE Xplore and Science Direct), trying to address research questions concerning: (1) the SX definition; (2) dimensions, attributes and factors that influence SX; and (3) methods used to evaluate the SX. We selected 65 articles and analyzed various SX definitions, as well as scales and surveys to evaluate SX, mainly relating to satisfaction and quality in higher education. We propose a holistic definition of SX and recommend ways to achieve its better analysis.

scholarly journals A redesign of OGC Symbology Encoding standard for sharing cartography

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwan Bocher ◽  
Olivier Ertz
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
General Observation ◽  
Data Infrastructures ◽  
Open Standards ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Data Requirements ◽  
Basic Level

Despite most Spatial Data Infrastructures are offering service-based visualization of geospatial data, requirements are often at a very basic level leading to poor quality of maps. This is a general observation for any geospatial architecture as soon as open standards as those of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) shall be applied. To improve the situation, this paper does focus on improvements at the portrayal interoperability side by considering standardization aspects. We propose two major redesign recommendations. First to consolidate the cartographic theory at the core of the OGC Symbology Encoding standard. Secondly to build the standard in a modular way so as to be ready to be extended with upcoming future cartographic requirements. Thus, we start by defining portrayal interoperability by means of typical use cases that frame the concept of sharing cartography. Then we bring to light the strengths and limits of the relevant open standards to consider in this context. Finally we propose a set of recommendations to overcome the limits so as to make these use cases a true reality. Even if the definition of a cartographic-oriented standard is not able to act as a complete cartographic design framework by itself, we argue that pushing forward the standardization work dedicated to cartography is a way to share and disseminate good practices and finally to improve the quality of the visualizations.

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