scholarly journals Validation of Visual and Auditory Digital Markers of Suicidality in Acutely Suicidal Psychiatric In-Patients (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Galatzer-Levy ◽  
Anzar Abbas ◽  
Anja Ries ◽  
Stephanie Homan ◽  
Laura Sels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Movement ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Motor Functioning ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Facial Expressivity

BACKGROUND Multiple symptoms of suicide risk are assessed based on visual and auditory information including flattened affect, reduced movement, and slowed speech. Objective quantification of such symptomatology from novel data sources can increase the sensitivity, scalability, and timeliness of suicide risk assessment. OBJECTIVE The goal of this work was to determine if key indicators of the suicide severity could be measured in an objective and automated manner using video data captured during clinical interviews that provided structured questions, but were otherwise kept deliberately open to mimic psychiatric interviewing in routine care. METHODS In the current study we utilized video to quantify facial, vocal, and movement markers associated with mood, emotion, and motor functioning from a structured clinical conversation in 20 patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital following a suicide risk attempt. Measures were calculated using open source deep learning algorithms for processing facial expressivity, head movement, and vocal characteristics. Derived digital measures of flattened affect, reduced movement, and slowed speech were compared to suicide severity using the Beck Suicide Scale (BSS), controlling for age and gender using multiple linear regression. RESULTS Suicide severity was associated with multiple visual and auditory markers including speech prevalence (β = -0.68; P = .017, r2 = .40, overall expressivity (β = -0.46; P = 0.10, r2 = .27), and head movement measured as head pitch variability (β = -1.24; P = .006, r2 = .48) and head yaw variability (β = -0.54; p = .055, r2 = .32). CONCLUSIONS Digital measurements of facial affect, movement, and speech prevalence demonstrated strong effect sizes and significant linear associations with severity of suicidal ideation.

scholarly journals Validation of Visual and Auditory Digital Markers of Suicidality in Acutely Suicidal Psychiatric In-Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac R. Galatzer-Levy ◽  
Anzar Abbas ◽  
Anja Ries ◽  
Stephanie Homan ◽  
Vidya Koesmahargyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Movement ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Suicide Risk Assessment ◽  
Motor Functioning ◽  
Digital Measurements ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Facial Expressivity ◽  
Multiple Symptoms

AbstractBackgroundMultiple symptoms of suicide risk are assessed based on visual and auditory information including flattened affect, reduced movement, and slowed speech. Objective quantification of such symptomatology from novel data sources can increase the sensitivity, scalability, and timeliness of suicide risk assessment.MethodsIn the current study we utilized video to quantify facial, vocal, and movement markers associated with mood, emotion, and motor functioning from a structured clinical conversation in 20 patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital following a suicide risk attempt. Measures were calculated using open source deep learning algorithms for processing facial expressivity, head movement, and vocal characteristics. Derived digital measures of flattened affect, reduced movement, and slowed speech were compared to suicide severity using the Beck Suicide Scale (BSS), controlling for age and gender using multiple linear regression.ResultsSuicide severity was associated with multiple visual and auditory markers including speech prevalence (β = −0.68; P =.017, r2 =.40, overall expressivity (β = −0.46; P = 0.10, r2 =.27), and head movement measured as head pitch variability (β = −1.24; P =.006, r2 =.48) and head yaw variability (β = −0.54; p =.055, r2 =.32).ConclusionsDigital measurements of facial affect, movement, and speech prevalence demonstrated strong effect sizes and significant linear associations with severity of suicidal ideation.

scholarly journals Computer Vision-Based Assessment of Motor Functioning in Schizophrenia: Use of Smartphones for Remote Measurement of Schizophrenia Symptomatology

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Anzar Abbas ◽  
Vijay Yadav ◽  
Emma Smith ◽  
Elizabeth Ramjas ◽  
Sarah B. Rutter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Head Movement ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Remote Measurement ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Motor Functioning ◽  
Clinical Scores

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Motor abnormalities have been shown to be a distinct component of schizophrenia symptomatology. However, objective and scalable methods for assessment of motor functioning in schizophrenia are lacking. Advancements in machine learning-based digital tools have allowed for automated and remote “digital phenotyping” of disease symptomatology. Here, we assess the performance of a computer vision-based assessment of motor functioning as a characteristic of schizophrenia using video data collected remotely through smartphones. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Eighteen patients with schizophrenia and 9 healthy controls were asked to remotely participate in smartphone-based assessments daily for 14 days. Video recorded from the smartphone front-facing camera during these assessments was used to quantify the Euclidean distance of head movement between frames through a pretrained computer vision model. The ability of head movement measurements to distinguish between patients and healthy controls as well as their relationship to schizophrenia symptom severity as measured through traditional clinical scores was assessed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The rate of head movement in participants with schizophrenia (1.48 mm/frame) and those without differed significantly (2.50 mm/frame; <i>p</i> = 0.01), and a logistic regression demonstrated that head movement was a significant predictor of schizophrenia diagnosis (<i>p</i> = 0.02). Linear regression between head movement and clinical scores of schizophrenia showed that head movement has a negative relationship with schizophrenia symptom severity (<i>p</i> = 0.04), primarily with negative symptoms of schizophrenia. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Remote, smartphone-based assessments were able to capture meaningful visual behavior for computer vision-based objective measurement of head movement. The measurements of head movement acquired were able to accurately classify schizophrenia diagnosis and quantify symptom severity in patients with schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Computer vision-based assessment of motor functioning in schizophrenia: Use of smartphones for remote measurement of schizophrenia symptomatology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anzar Abbas ◽  
Vijay Yadav ◽  
Emma Smith ◽  
Elizabeth Ramjas ◽  
Sarah B Rutter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Head Movement ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Remote Measurement ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Motor Functioning ◽  
Clinical Scores

Introduction: Motor abnormalities have been shown to be a distinct component of schizophrenia symptomatology. However, objective and scalable methods for assessment of motor functioning in schizophrenia are lacking. Advancements in machine learning-based digital tools have allowed for automated and remote digital phenotyping of disease symptomatology. Here, we assess the performance of a computer vision-based assessment of motor functioning as a characteristic of schizophrenia using video data collected remotely through smartphones. Methods: 18 patients with schizophrenia and 9 healthy controls were asked to remotely participate in smartphone-based assessments daily for 14 days. Video recorded from the smartphone front-facing camera during these assessments was used to quantify head movement through a pre-trained computer vision model. The ability of head movement measurements to distinguish between patients and healthy controls as well as their relationship to schizophrenia symptom severity as measured through traditional clinical scores was assessed. Results: A logistic regression demonstrated that head movement was a significant predictor of schizophrenia diagnosis (p < 0.05). Linear regression between head movement and clinical scores of schizophrenia symptom severity showed that head movement has a negative relationship with schizophrenia symptom severity (p < 0.05), primarily with negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Conclusions: Remote, smartphone-based assessments were able to capture meaningful visual behavior for computer vision-based objective measurement of head movement. The measurements of head movement acquired were able to accurately classify schizophrenia diagnosis and quantify symptom severity in patients with schizophrenia.

Evaluation of the Torsional VOR in Weightlessness

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-218
Author(s):  
Andrew H. Clarke ◽  
Winfried Teiwes ◽  
Hans Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Head Movement ◽  
Angular Rate ◽  
Inertial Force ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Head Rotation ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Microgravity Conditions ◽  
Oculomotor Response ◽  
Roll Axis ◽  
Integrative Processing

The experimental concept and findings from a recent manned orbital spaceflight are described. Together with ongoing terrestrial and parabolic studies, the present experiment is intended to further our knowledge of the sensory integrative processing of information from the semicircular canals and the otolithic receptors, and to quantify the presumed otolithic adaptation to altered gravito-inertial force environments in a more reliable manner than to date. The experiment included measurement of the basic vestibulo-oculomotor response during active head rotation about each of the three orthogonal axes. Priority was given to the recording of ocular torsion, as elicited by head oscillation about the roll axis, and thus due to the concomitant stimulation of the semicircular canals and otolith receptors. Videooculography was employed for the measurement of eye movements; head movement was measured by three orthogonally arranged angular rate sensors and a triaxial linear accelerometer device. All signals were recorded synchronously on a video/data recorder. Preliminary results indicate alterations in the torsional VOR under zero-g conditions, suggesting an adaptive modification of the torsional VOR gain over the course of the 6-day orbital flight. In addition, the inflight test findings yielded discrepancies between intended and performed head movement indicating impairment in sensorimotor coordination under prolonged microgravity conditions.

Ethnic minority suicide: a small area geographical study in south London

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAN NEELEMAN ◽  
SIMON WESSELY
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Background. The relationship between ethnicity and suicide risk is ill-understood. It is unclear whether, and if so, how, the ethnic mix of local areas affects risk in local individuals.Methods. Coroners' records of 329 suicides were used to obtain ethnic (White, Afro-Caribbean, Asian) suicide rates in South London (population 902008) for 1991–3. Geographical variation and associations of ethnic suicide rates with small area (mean population 8274) ethnic densities (proportion of residents of given ethnic groups) and deprivation, were examined with random effects Poisson regression.Results. Adjusted for deprivation, age and gender, suicide rates in wards with larger minority groups were higher among Whites (relative rate (RR) per standard deviation (S.D.) increase in minority density 1·18; 95% CI 1·02–1·37) but lower among minority groups (RR 0·75 (0·59–0·96)) (LR-test for interaction χ2=9·2 (df=1); P=0·003). Similar patterns were also apparent for Afro-Caribbeans and Asians separately. With White suicide rates as baseline, ethnic minority status is a risk factor for suicide in wards with small, but a protective factor in neighbourhoods with large minority populations. The RR of minority versus White suicide declines with a factor (relative RR) 0·67 (0·51–0·87) per S.D. increase in local minority density.Conclusions. Minority suicide rates are higher in areas where minority groups are smaller. This effect is ethnic-specific and not due to confounding by gender, age, deprivation or unbalanced migration. Dependent on address, a suicide risk factor for a White individual may protect an ethnic minority individual and vice versa. This has implications for research and prevention.

Exploring Prospective Predictors of Completed Suicides

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Feigelman ◽  
Zohn Rosen ◽  
Bernard S. Gorman
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Social Surveys ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Life Circumstances ◽  
And Gender

Background: This study was based on over 30,000 respondents who completed General Social Surveys between 1978 and 2002. Aims: We approached these respondents prospectively, comparing and contrasting the responses of those who subsequently died by suicide (N = 141) with those who died from all other causes (N = 9,115). Method: We employed chi-square and logistic regression analyses of important demographic confounders to test for statistically significant differences between suicide decedents and all other decedents. Results: Suicide decedents died on average 2 years sooner than all other decedents. When covariates of age and gender were applied, suicide decedents exhibited greater acceptance of suicide for dealing with various adverse life circumstances, were more likely to have been the gun owners in their households, lived in regions where gun ownership was more commonplace, and held less strong religious beliefs and less of a belief of an afterlife. Conclusion: The observed affinity between attitudes of suicide acceptability and completed suicide suggests a potential for creating a meaningful assessment tool to identify those positioned at the extreme end of the suicide risk continuum.

The Worldviews of Islamic Publics: The Cases of Egypt, Iran, and Jordan

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 299-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taqhi Azadarmaki ◽  
Mansoor Moaddel
Keyword(s):  
Gender Relations ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Islamic Countries ◽  
Ideal Number ◽  
Attitudes Toward Marriage ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Key Indicators

AbstractThis paper analyzes the religious beliefs, religiosity, national identity, and attitudes toward Western culture, family, and gender relations of the publics of three Islamic countries. It is based on national representative surveys of 3000 Egyptians, 2532 Iranians, and 1222 Jordanians that were carried out in 2000-2001, as part of the World Values Surveys. We first discuss the views of the respondents concerning key indicators of religious beliefs, religiosity, identity, and attitudes toward Western culture. Then, we describe variations in such values as the ideal number of children, attitudes toward marriage and women, family ties, and trusts in major social institutions in these three countries. Next, we present age and educational differences in religious beliefs, trust in mosque, identity, trust in government, attitude toward women and gender relations. We conclude by pointing to the variation in the nature of the regime as an important determinant of the variations in the worldviews among the public in these three Islamic countries.

Overall infection risk in rheumatoid arthritis during treatment with abatacept, rituximab and tocilizumab; an observational cohort study

Rheumatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1949-1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrine L Grøn ◽  
Bente Glintborg ◽  
Mette Nørgaard ◽  
Frank Mehnert ◽  
Mikkel Østergaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Observational Cohort Study ◽  
Tnf Inhibitor ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Rate Ratios

Abstract Objectives Most infections in patients with RA are treated in primary care with antibiotics. A small fraction require hospitalization. Only a few studies exist regarding the overall risk of infection (i.e. prescription of antibiotics or hospitalization due to infection) in patients initiating non-TNF-inhibitor therapy. In Danish RA patients initiating abatacept, rituximab and tocilizumab treatment in routine care, the aims were to compare adjusted incidence rates (IR) of infections and to estimate relative risk of infections across the drugs during 0–12 and 0–24 months. Methods This was an observational cohort study including all RA patients in the DANBIO registry starting a non-TNF-inhibitor from 2010 to 2017. Infections were defined as a prescription of antibiotics or hospitalization due to infection. Prescriptions, comorbidities and infections were captured through linkage to national registries. IRs of infections (age, gender adjusted) and rate ratios (as estimates of RR (relative risk)), adjusted for additional covariates) (Poisson regression) were calculated. Results We identified 3696 treatment episodes (abatacept 1115, rituximab 1017, tocilizumab 1564). At baseline, rituximab users were older and had more previous cancer. During 0–12 months, 1747 infections occurred. Age and gender-adjusted IRs per 100 person-years were as follows: abatacept: 76 (95% CI: 69, 84); rituximab: 87 (95% CI: 79, 96); tocilizumab: 77 (95% CI: 71, 84). Adjusted RRs were 0.94 (95% CI: 0.81, 1.08) for abatacept and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.81, 1.03) for tocilizumab compared with rituximab and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.88, 1.14) for abatacept compared with tocilizumab. RRs around 1 were observed after 24 months. Switchers and ever smokers had higher risk compared with biologic-naïve and never smokers, respectively. Conclusion Overall infections were common in non-TNF-inhibitor-treated RA patients, with a tendency towards rituximab having the highest risk, but CIs were wide in all analyses. Confounding by indication may at least partly explain any differences.

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