On the verge of a new era in tobacco control: determining the perceptions and attitudes of IQOS users in Turkey (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Uznay ◽  
Sevtap Gumus
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
New Era ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Tobacco Epidemic

BACKGROUND IQOS is a heated tobacco product which has been spreading worldwide. The manufacturer of the product claims that IQOS is less harmful than conventional cigarettes. OBJECTIVE This study determined the perceptions and attitudes of IQOS users in Turkey and evaluated the possible impacts of heated tobacco products (HTPs) on tobacco control policies and their implementation in the future. METHODS HTPs are banned in Turkey. However, obtaining IQOS in the black market is easy. We conducted a survey consisting of 30 questions by reaching 100 IQOS users within 13 months in the city of Izmir. We used descriptive statistics to analyse the data. RESULTS Of the 100 IQOS users surveyed, (1) 98% stated that IQOS is less harmful than conventional cigarettes (CC); (2) 98% experienced positive changes to their health after completely switching to IQOS from CC; (3) 76% used IQOS in closed spaces; (4) 82% did not reduce their daily tobacco consumption; (5) 62% stated that IQOS encourages ex-smokers to relapse; (6) 80% stated that IQOS stimulates children and young people to start smoking; (7) 86% stated that the smoking satisfaction from IQOS is very close/equal to that from CC; (8) 56% stated that IQOS makes a positive contribution to their personal image; and (9) 40% claimed that quitting IQOS can be easier than quitting CC. CONCLUSIONS HTPs could cause the tobacco epidemic to grow by undermining smokers’ efforts to quit and encouraging ex-smokers, children and young people to start smoking. The idea that IQOS is less harmful than CC, together with the emerging misleading suggestion that nicotine may block COVID-19 symptoms, could trigger the proliferation of HTPs during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Heated tobacco products: another tobacco industry global strategy to slow progress in tobacco control

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. s111-s117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella A Bialous ◽  
Stanton A Glantz
Keyword(s):  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Epidemic ◽  
Slow Progress

There has been a global decline in tobacco consumption that, if continued, will negatively impact the tobacco industry’s profits. This decline led the industry to invent and market new products, including heated tobacco products (HTP). HTP are an extension of the industry’s strategies to undermine government’s tobacco regulatory efforts as they are being promoted as part of the solution for the tobacco epidemic. Under the moniker of ‘harm reduction’, the tobacco companies are attempting to rehabilitate their reputation so they can more effectively influence governments to roll back existing tobacco control policies or create exemptions for their HTP. Rolling back tobacco control policies will make it easier for the companies to renormalise tobacco use to increase social acceptability for all their products. When regulations are absent or when loopholes exist in classifying HTP as a tobacco product (thus subject to all tobacco control regulations), the industry’s marketing of HTP is making these products more visible to the public and more accessible. Governments need to ensure that HTP are regulated as tobacco products or drugs and reject partnerships with the tobacco companies to promote ‘harm reduction’. The tobacco companies remain the vector of the tobacco-caused epidemic and cannot be part of the global tobacco control solution.

scholarly journals Impact of the WHO FCTC over the first decade: a global evidence review prepared for the Impact Assessment Expert Group

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. s119-s128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Chung-Hall ◽  
Lorraine Craig ◽  
Shannon Gravely ◽  
Natalie Sansone ◽  
Geoffrey T Fong
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Hand Search ◽  
Tobacco Epidemic ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo present findings of a narrative review on the implementation and effectiveness of 17 Articles of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) during the Treaty’s first decade.Data sourcesPublished reports on global FCTC implementation; searches of four databases through June 2016; hand-search of publications/online resources; tobacco control experts.Study selectionWHO Convention Secretariat global progress reports (2010, 2012, 2014); 2015 WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic; studies of social, behavioural, health, economic and/or environmental impacts of FCTC policies.Data extractionProgress in the implementation of 17 FCTC Articles was categorised (higher/intermediate/lower) by consensus. 128 studies were independently selected by multiple authors in consultation with experts.Data synthesisImplementation was highest for smoke-free laws, health warnings and education campaigns, youth access laws, and reporting/information exchange, and lowest for measures to counter industry interference, regulate tobacco product contents, promote alternative livelihoods and protect health/environment. Price/tax increases, comprehensive smoking and marketing bans, health warnings, and cessation treatment are associated with decreased tobacco consumption/health risks and increased quitting. Mass media campaigns and youth access laws prevent smoking initiation, decrease prevalence and promote cessation. There were few studies on the effectiveness of policies in several domains, including measures to prevent industry interference and regulate tobacco product contents.ConclusionsThe FCTC has increased the implementation of measures across several policy domains, and these implementations have resulted in measurable impacts on tobacco consumption, prevalence and other outcomes. However, FCTC implementation must be accelerated, and Parties need to meet all their Treaty obligations and consider measures that exceed minimum requirements.

scholarly journals Effects of global and domestic tobacco control policies on cigarette consumption per capita: an evaluation using monthly data in China

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e025092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxin Xu ◽  
Xiulan Zhang ◽  
Teh Wei Hu ◽  
Leonard S Miller ◽  
Mengnan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Cigarette Consumption ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cigarette Prices

IntroductionChina consumes 44% of the world’s cigarettes. Robust tobacco control measures are needed to contain the trend of increasing cigarette consumption. This paper examines the effectiveness of policy interventions introduced in China on reducing the country’s tobacco use.MethodsThe paper uses data on China’s monthly cigarette consumption per capita from January 2000 to June 2017 to estimate the impact of specific policies on China’s tobacco consumption. Tobacco consumption is calculated from monthly sales data from the China National Tobacco Corporation and demographic data from the China National Bureau of Statistics. The policies studied include the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), national tobacco-related policy changes and two tobacco tax increases implemented in China during the study period. Segmented regression analysis is used to estimate the immediate effects of the policies studied and changes in the time trends resulted from these policy changes.FindingsThe impact of national policy changes in China is almost 20 times greater than the impact of the WHO FCTC treaty itself, and national policy changes in tobacco control are a determining factor in reversing the trend of increasing tobacco consumption in China. The 2015 tax increase, which raised retail cigarette prices, produced both immediate and trend effects, with a total incremental effect 7.8 times that of the 2009 tax increase, which did not result in higher cigarette prices for the consumer.InterpretationsTranslating global tobacco control policies into domestic policies will generate a much greater impact on reducing average cigarette consumption, and tobacco taxes that are reflected in the retail prices of cigarettes will be more effective in reducing cigarette consumption.

scholarly journals Tobacco Control in Hospitals in Jordan: Policy Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Maha Alkaid Albqoor, RN, MPH, MSN, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Smoking Prevention ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Tobacco Epidemic ◽  
Effective Public Health

<p><em>Despite the concerns about very high rates of smoking in Jordanian population and the growing efforts to combat the tobacco epidemic, smoking at hospitals in Jordan and the poor complying with smoking prevention policies are important aspects of the problem. The paper examined the scope </em><em>and the progress </em><em>of smoking problem in Jordanian hospitals, </em><em>recognized public health policies on tobacco control </em><em>in hospitals in Jordan, and explored the obstacles in applying tobacco control policies in hospitals. The paper also proposed some recommendations for effective public health policies that regulate tobacco smoking in hospitals and other health care facilities in Jordan.</em></p>

scholarly journals Impact of China National Tobacco Company’s ‘Premiumization’ Strategy: longitudinal findings from the ITC China Surveys (2006–2015)

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. s68-s76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Shaowei Xu ◽  
Shannon Gravely ◽  
Gang Meng ◽  
Tara Elton-Marshall ◽  
Richard J O’Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Brand Choice ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Tobacco Company ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Epidemic ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Erroneous Beliefs ◽  
Representative Cohort ◽  
Generalised Estimating Equations

BackgroundIn 2009, the China National Tobacco Company (CNTC) began their Premiumization Strategy, designed to encourage smokers to trade up to more expensive brands, mainly by promoting the concept that higher class cigarettes are better quality and less harmful. This study is the first evaluation of the strategy’s impact on: (1) prevalence of premium brand cigarettes (PBC), mid-priced brand cigarettes (MBC) and discount brand cigarettes (DBC) over 9 years, from 3 years pre-strategy (2006) to 6 years post-strategy (2015); and (2) changes in reasons for choosing PBCs, MBCs and DBCs.MethodsA representative cohort of adult Chinese smokers (n=9047) in seven cities who participated in five waves of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) China Survey: pre-implementation (Wave 1 (2006; n=3452), Wave 2 (2007–2008; n=3586)); mid-implementation (Wave 3 (2009; n=4172)); and post-implementation (Wave 4 (2011–2012; n=4070), Wave 5 (2013–2015; n=2775)). Generalised estimating equations were conducted to examine changes in prevalence of PBCs, MBCs and DBCs, and reasons for brand choice from pre-implementation to post-implementation.ResultsFrom pre-implementation to post-implementation, there was an increase in prevalence of PBCs (5.4% to 23.2%, p<0.001) and MBCs (40.0% to 50.4%, p<0.001), and a decrease in DBCs (54.6% to 26.5%, p<0.001). There was an increase in smokers who chose their current brand because they believed it to be less harmful, both for MBC smokers (+13.0%, p=0.001) and PBC smokers (+9.0%, p=0.06). There was an increase for smokers in all brand classes for choosing their current brand because they were ‘higher in quality’ and because of affordable price, but the greatest increase was among PBC smokers (+18.6%, p<0.001 and +34.9%, p<0.001, respectively).ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that the rising trend in Chinese smokers’ choice of ‘less harmful’, ‘higher quality’ and ‘affordable’ cigarettes, particularly PBCs, is likely due to CNTC’s aggressive marketing strategies. Strong tobacco control policies that prohibit CNTC’s marketing activities are critical in order to dispel erroneous beliefs that sustain continued smoking in China, where the global tobacco epidemic is exerting its greatest toll.

Flavoured tobacco product restrictions in Massachusetts associated with reductions in adolescent cigarette and e-cigarette use

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056159
Author(s):  
Summer Sherburne Hawkins ◽  
Claudia Kruzik ◽  
Michael O'Brien ◽  
Rebekah Levine Coley
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
County Level ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Youth Health ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Adolescent Tobacco Use

BackgroundIn the USA, many states do not pre-empt municipalities from enacting stricter tobacco-control policies than state or federal laws. Several municipalities in Massachusetts have passed progressive local laws aimed at reducing adolescent tobacco use. We exploited this variability to examine the associations between county-level flavoured tobacco product restrictions, tobacco 21 policies and smoke-free laws prohibiting e-cigarettes with adolescent cigarette and e-cigarette use in Massachusetts, and to assess whether policy effects varied by age.MethodsWe conducted difference-in-differences models to link changes in county-level tobacco-control policies to changes in adolescents’ use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes using 2011–2017 biennial Massachusetts Youth Health Surveys.ResultsCounties with greater implementation of flavoured tobacco product restrictions were associated with a decrease in the level of cigarette use among users (incidence rate ratio −1.56; 95% CI −2.54 to −0.58). A significant interaction (p=0.03) revealed the largest reductions among 14 and 18 year olds. Increasing flavoured tobacco product restrictions were also associated with reductions in the likelihood of e-cigarette use (OR −0.87; 95% CI −1.68 to −0.06). Increasing tobacco 21 restrictions were associated with decreases in cigarette use only among 18 year olds, while there was no evidence of associations between smoke-free laws with use of either tobacco product.ConclusionsAdolescents in Massachusetts decreased their use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes in response to local restrictions that limited the sale of flavoured tobacco products to adult-only retail tobacco stores. Local legislation can reduce adolescent tobacco use and municipalities should enact stricter tobacco-control policies when not pre-empted by state law.

scholarly journals Decrease in cross-border tobacco purchases despite intensification of antitobacco policies in France

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-055540
Author(s):  
Ramchandar Gomajee ◽  
Hugo Torregrossa ◽  
Camille Bolze ◽  
Maria Melchior ◽  
Fabienne El-Khoury Lesueur
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plain Packaging ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies

BackgroundRecently, France has intensified tobacco control policies which included gradual increase in tobacco product price and the introduction of plain packaging. However, there has been suggestion that cross-border tobacco purchases from neighbouring countries, with lower tobacco prices, will increase. We examine trends in cross-border tobacco purchases among smokers concurrent with the implementation of tobacco control measures between 2016 and 2017.MethodsDescription des Perceptions, Images, et Comportements liés au Tabagisme is a two-wave cross-sectional national telephone survey of French adults aged 18–64 years, which recruited a total of 2167 smokers (2016: n=1238; 2017: n=929). Data were weighted to be representative of the French adult population. The association between study wave and cross-country tobacco purchases was examined across study waves using a multivariable logistic regression model (adjusted ORs: ORa (95% CI)).ResultsLess than half (38.5%) of smokers declared cross-border tobacco purchases in the last year, which were mostly done on occasional basis: 22.6% purchased tobacco cross-border once or twice yearly. In 2017, as compared with 2016, cross-border tobacco purchases by French smokers decreased (ORa=0.81, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.98). Other factors associated with cross-border tobacco purchases included sex, and driving distance to a border.ConclusionIn France, the increase in tobacco product price and the introduction of plain packaging did not contribute to increasing rates of out-of-country purchases of tobacco products, probably due to the overall decrease in smoking levels. However, a harmonisation of tobacco product prices and plain packaging policies across Europe might further improve tobacco control throughout the continent.

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