scholarly journals Does the taste of the plain packaged cigarettes in Saudi Arabia really changed and differ from the branded cigarettes or it is a natural sensory change? Pilot Experimental Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser F BinDhim ◽  
Mada H Basyouni ◽  
Nora A Althumiri ◽  
Rasha A Almubark ◽  
Weam Banjar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Sensory Change ◽  
Special Software ◽  
Extreme Change ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
Touch Sensation ◽  
Media Channels

BACKGROUND Saudi Arabia implemented tobacco plain packaging in August 2019. After few weeks of implementation huge number of smokers complained in various media channels especially social media (Twitter) claiming extreme change of how the cigarette taste, increase the frequency of coughing, and for some hospitalization caused by shortness of breath. OBJECTIVE The main objective is to answer the question: Does the taste of the plain packaged cigarettes recently implemented in Saudi Arabia really changed and differ from the branded cigarettes or it is a natural sensory change? The secondary objective is to observation of frequency of immediate cough or shortness of breath. METHODS This study is a pilot prospective, one-group posttest-only design, which recruited smokers 18 years old and above, who are currently smoking cigarettes and cleared upon physical assessment before the experiment. Participants received 6 sequences of different random exposures (3 puffs) to 3 plain packaged cigarettes (2 from the favorite brand and 1 other brand “control”) and 3 branded cigarettes (2 from the favorite brand and 1 other brand “control”). Participants wore Virtual Reality Goggles (VR) accompany with a special software to alter the visual reality and wore gloves to alter the touch sensation. RESULTS Participants were not able to identify the correct type of cigarettes (plain or branded (Estimate of fixed effect -0.01 p=0.79). Moreover, there were no differences in the ability of the participants to identify their favorite brand t(-0.63) mean=0.47 p = 0.53. In terms of immediate coughing out of the 108 experiments 1 episode of short coughing was observed and it was attributed to the branded cigarette not the plain packaged. CONCLUSIONS After controlling the visual and touch sensation participants were not able to difference between branded and plain packaged cigarettes in terms of taste or inducing immediate shortness of breath or cough. Interestingly, participants were not able to identify their favorite brand.

scholarly journals Does The Taste of The Plain Packaged Cigarettes in Saudi Arabia Really Changed and Differ from The Branded Cigarettes or it is A Natural Sensory Change? Experimental Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser F Bin Dhim ◽  
Mada H Basyouni ◽  
Nora A Althumiri ◽  
Rasha A. Almubarak ◽  
Weam Banjar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Sensory Change ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Special Software ◽  
Touch Sensation

Abstract Background: Does the taste of the plain packaged cigarettes recently implemented in Saudi Arabia really changed and differ from the branded cigarettes or it is a natural sensory Methods: 18 adult smokers, who are currently smoking cigarettes and cleared upon physical assessment before the experiment. Participants were excluded if they were planning to quit smoking or in quitting stage or have any respiratory or cardiac disease, any taste related disorder (e.g. hypogeusia / ageusia) or any acute disease that affect taste or smell (e.g. Flu). Participants who shows any abnormal vital signs check before the study (fever, shortness of breath or elevated blood pressure). Participants received 6 sequences of different random exposures (3 puffs) to 3 plain packaged cigarettes (2 from the favorite brand and 1 other brand “control”) and 3 branded cigarettes (2 from the favorite brand and 1 other brand “control”). Participants wore Virtual Reality Goggles (VR) accompany with a special software to alter the visual reality and wore gloves to alter the touch sensation.Results: Participants were not able to identify the correct type of cigarettes (plain or branded (Estimate of fixed effect -0.01 p=0.79). Moreover, there were no differences in the ability of the participants to identify their favorite brand t(-0.63) mean=0.47 p = 0.53. Conclusion: After controlling the visual and touch sensation participants were not able to difference between branded and plain packaged cigarettes in terms of taste or inducing immediate shortness of breath or cough. Interestingly, participants were not able to identify their favorite brand.

http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/122

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Mohammad Esmaeel Haqani ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Red Color ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Present Thesis

From the beginning of Islam to date, the scholars interpreted the Holy Qurʾān, all over the world. They performed their responsibilities of explaining the Holy Qurʾān according to the circumstances. As result of this, they left massive heritage in the field of Tafsir. However a large number of these books could not be pupblished and vanished with the pasage of time and huge number of these scholarly works is available in two forms; published and manuscript. Libraries of Turkey, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Berlin, Leiden and Sub-continent, are proud to have antique manuscripts. Tafsir Talkhis-ud-Durar of Allama Abdul Hameed Bin Abdul Majeed Al-Hakimi (514 A.H) is one of the notable manuscripts scholarship in the field of Tafsir. The manuscript is available in Noor-e-Usmania Library, Istanbul, Turkey, which is famous for the preservation of Islamic literature. The manuscript of Tafsir Talkhis-ud-Durar, exists in one volumes of 425 sheets, each sheet contain two parallel pages. The language of the manuscript is Arabic, and scribe style is Arabic Naskh, while scribe used red color for Qurʾānic words and the black for the interpretation. This corpus of Tafsir is a valuable treasure of a well-learned and prolific brain of Allama Abdul Hameed Bin Abdul Majeed Al-Hakimi. He not only interprets the text of the Holy Qurʾān literally but also tries to relate the Qurʾānic message to the contemporary problems of his era, ranging from the life of individual to the broad spectrum of the collective sphere life. We may consider it among early interpretations of the Holy Qurʾān, which are far away from sectarianism and focus on message of the Holy Qurʾān and deal specifically with the social problems of the Muslims world. In the view of its important the Department of Tafsir and Quranic Sciences at the Faculty of Usuluddin, Internationa Islamic University made it a research project to be edited by four PhD students of the Department; the details are as follow: . Muhammad Esmaeel Haqani; from Sheet: 1 to 74 (Surah Al-Fatiha to Surah Al-Maida and first pard of the thesis containg introduction of the manuscript and the author and the scribe and mathodology of the author in detail.) Nasrullah tend to edit the manuscript of this interpretation and devided in to fifteen chapber beginning from Surah al-An’am to end of Surah Taha, (sheet no: 74 to 189 of the manuscript). The thesis also contains a a brief preface containing basic information about the manuscript, the scribe, the auhor and his mathodology in his Tafsir. Abdul Rahman tend to edit the manuscript of this interpretation beginning from Surah al-Anbia to end of Surah Ghafir, (sheet no: 189 to 306 of the manuscript). The thesis also contains a a brief preface containing basic information about the manuscript, the scribe, the auhor and his mathodology in his Tafsir 4 Jawed Ahmed tend to edit the manuscript of this interpretation, as a research project in terms of editing, annotating, clarification, critical analysis in the foot notes where necessary. The present thesis is from Sheet: 1 to 74 (Surah Al-Fatiha to Surah Al-Maida and first pard of the thesis containg introduction of the manuscript and the author and the scribe and mathodology of the author in detail.)

scholarly journals Evaluation of Web Applications based on UX Parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2564
Author(s):  
Anish Mistry ◽  
Arokia Paul Rajan
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
User Experience ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
User Centric ◽  
The Web

<span lang="EN-US">The objective of evaluating User Experience (UX) in this era of technology is to enhance the user satisfaction. Earlier applications were built with the aim of reducing the work of users. But with the evolution of the technology, the emergence of new gadgets and new trends in the information technology, the applications had to be more user-centric. The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the user experience of web applications based on different UX parameters using different techniques and given a rating. Each of these ratings are combined to determine the overall rating of UX for the web application. Also, the secondary objective of this research is to provide suggestions or recommendations based on the ratings to improve the UX of the web applications. An experimental study was conducted and the results show a significant improvement. Areas of further enhancements have also been identified and presented.</span>

scholarly journals دراسة المخطوط لتفسير تلخيص الدرر،لعبد الحميد بن عبد المجيد الحاكميّ ,المتوفي 514ھ

rahatulquloob ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 232-238
Author(s):  
Abdul Rehman Bin Amjad Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Red Color ◽  
The World ◽  
Islamic Literature

From the beginning of Islam to date, the scholars interpreted the Holy Qurʾān, all over the world. They performed their responsibilities of explaining the Holy Qurʾān according to the circumstances. As result of this, they left massive heritage in the field of Tafsir; its large number was demolished by the time and huge number of their scholarly work is available in two forms; published and manuscript. Libraries of Turkey, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Berlin, Leiden and Sub-continent, are proud to have antique manuscripts. Tafsir Talkhis-ud-Durar of Allama Abdul Hameed Bin Abdul Majeed Al-Hakimi is one of the notable manuscripts and the early scholarship in the field of Tafsir. The manuscript is available in Noor-e-Usmania Library, Istanbul, Turkey, which is famous for the preservation of Islamic literature. The manuscript of Tafsir Talkhis-ud-Durar, exists in one volumes of 425 sheets, each sheet contain two parallel pages. The language of the manuscript is Arabic, and scribe style is Arabic Naskh, while scribe used red color for Qurʾānic words and the black for the interpretation. This corpus of Tafsir is a valuable treasure of a well-learned and prolific brain of Allama Abdul Hameed Bin Abdul Majeed Al-Hakimi.

scholarly journals Vertebral artery injury in major trauma patients in Saudi Arabia: A retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharfuddin Chowdhury ◽  
Sadiq Hussain Almubarak ◽  
Khadega Hadi Binsaad ◽  
Biswadev Mitra ◽  
Mark Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Major Trauma ◽  
Vertebral Artery Injury ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Artery Injury ◽  
Trauma Service ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Polytrauma Patients

Abstract Blunt vertebral artery injury (VAI) is associated with severe cervicocephalic trauma and may have devastating consequences. This study aimed to determine the incidence and nature of VAI in polytrauma patients. The secondary objective was to assess the association of VAI with previously suggested risk factors. It was a retrospective observational study of all polytrauma patients admitted to the trauma unit between April 2018 and July 2019, who had CT neck angiography to diagnose blunt VAI according to modified Denver criteria. Out of 1084 admitted polytrauma patients, 1025 (94.6%) sustained blunt trauma. Of these, 120 (11.7%) underwent screening CT neck angiography. VAI was detected in 10 (8.3%; 95% CI 4.1–14.8) patients. There were three patients with Grade I injury, two with Grade II, and five with Grade IV injury. Among all trauma admissions, the incidence of diagnosed VAI was 0.9% (95% CI 0.5–1.8). Among patients suspected of VAI, there was no univariable association of VAI with C-Spine fracture: OR 4.2 (95% CI 0.51–34.4; p = 0.18). There were two (20%) deaths related to VAI. Traumatic VAI was uncommonly detected in this major trauma service in Saudi Arabia. High suspicion and liberal screening by CT angiography in cases where VAI is possible should be considered to avoid missed injuries.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study of the Effect of Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) on Vocabulary Learning of EFL Adult Learners

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arab World English Journal ◽  
Muhammad Ishtiaq ◽  
Zuraina Ali ◽  
Muhammad Salem
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vocabulary Test ◽  
Student Teams ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Experimental Group

Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) has been considered as an important cooperative learning strategy in progressive pedagogy. A number of studies have supported the use of STAD in different subject areas and in different socio-cultural contexts. However, it is still an under-researched area in countries like Saudi Arabia where English is taught as a Foreign Language. This quasi-experimental study was conducted in Unaizah Community College, Saudi Arabia. Both the experimental group and the control group were tested on 2000-word vocabulary test. A vocabulary test was prepared and administered by the researchers at the beginning of the experiment as a pre-test. The experimental group was taught with Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) strategy whereas the control group was taught with traditional whole-class instruction method. The treatment was carried out for two weeks. At the end of the experiment, the same vocabulary test was re-administered as a post-test. Independent samples t-test was used to analyze the data using SPSS 21. Results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in favor of the experimental group (p= 0.002 &lt; 0.05).

Diaspora, Remittances and Dependence on Arab Countries: A Case of Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Syed Zohaib Abbas Rizvi ◽  
Sobia Jamil ◽  
Ali Imran Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Question Mark ◽  
Dependency Model

This paper has formulated a model by the name of DRADM i.e. Diaspora-Remittances-Arab Dependency Model while studying the literature pertinent to the modes of remittance, sectarianism and the Pakistani diaspora in the Middle-East. Pakistan is home of a large Shi’a population second only to Iran and this community regularly visits the holy shrines in Iran, Syria and Iraq forming a heartily connection with these countries. Contrarily, the Sunni Arab world hosts a huge number of Pakistani workers who send a significant part of their salaries back to Pakistan. These remittances act as a viable source of foreign exchange and help in balance of payments each year. Since the former group (Shi’a) is influenced by Iran and the latter (Sunni) by Saudi Arabia, Pakistan finds itself in a flux. In its bid to make a balance between Iran and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), how Pakistan would manage its staggering economy with headship of Islamic military coalition, is a big question mark. With the help of published secondary data from governmental and other institutions this study examines the co-relation between remittances from Arab World and sectarianism (inside Pakistan and in Middle East) and its impact on the foreign policy of Pakistan.

Effect of the Medical Insurance Decree on Construction Industry in Saudi Arabia

2012 ◽  
Vol 446-449 ◽  
pp. 3861-3868
Author(s):  
Abdullah M. Alsugair
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Medical Insurance ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
The Public ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Exerted Pressure

Construction contractors in Saudi Arabia were exposed to additional expenses due to implementing a new government decree related to medical insurance for foreign employees. The number of foreign employees reached to eight million people out of 27 million people the total population of Saudi Arabia. This huge number of foreign people exerted pressure on the public free medical facilities that forced the government to issue a decree that instructs private sector to use private medical facilities for their foreign employees. This paper presents results of a study to identify the effect of the medical insurance decree on construction industry in Saudi Arabia. The methodology used was to prepare a questionnaire that investigates the objectives of this study and distributes it to the contractors. The questionnaires were distributed to 150 construction contractors and 90 questionnaires were collected. Results of the study reveal the effect of the compulsory medical insurance on the construction contractors in general and according to their classifications. In addition, the study presents the current practice implemented by contractors to provide medical care for their foreign employees.

Experimental study on the utilization of dune sands as a construction material in the area between Jeddah and Mecca, Western Saudi Arabia

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 1007-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
El-Sayed Sedek Abu Seif ◽  
Abdullah R. Sonbul ◽  
Bader Abdo Hasan Hakami ◽  
E. K. El-Sawy
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Dune Sands

scholarly journals Prevalence of comorbidities in cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a retrospective study

2018 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.Y. Alqahtani ◽  
F.S. Aleanizy ◽  
R. Ali El Hadi Mohamed ◽  
M. S. Alanazi ◽  
N. Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

AbstractThe Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a life-threatening respiratory disease with a high case fatality rate; however, its risk factors remain unclear. We aimed to explore the influence of demographic factors, clinical manifestations and underlying comorbidities on mortality in MERS-CoV patients. Retrospective chart reviews were performed to identify all laboratory-confirmed cases of MERS-COV infection in Saudi Arabia that were reported to the Ministry of Health of Saudi Arabia between 23 April 2014 and 7 June 2016. Statistical analyses were conducted to assess the effect of sex, age, clinical presentation and comorbidities on mortality from MERS-CoV. A total of 281 confirmed MERS-CoV cases were identified: 167 (59.4%) patients were male and 55 (20%) died. Mortality predominantly occurred among Saudi nationals and older patients and was significantly associated with respiratory failure and shortness of breath. Of the 281 confirmed cases, 160 (56.9%) involved comorbidities, wherein diabetes mellitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, end-stage renal disease and chronic kidney disease were significantly associated with mortality from MERS-CoV and two or three comorbidities significantly affected the fatality rates from MERS-CoV. The findings of this study show that old age and the existence of underlying comorbidities significantly increase mortality from MERS-CoV.

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