scholarly journals Telehealth Demand Trends in COVID-19: An Infodemiological Evaluation of the Top 50 Most Affected Countries (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Yu Zheng Wong ◽  
Dinesh Visva Gunasekaran ◽  
Simon Nusinovici ◽  
Charumathi Sabanayagam ◽  
Khung Keong Yeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Information Communications Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ict Infrastructure ◽  
June July

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has led to urgent calls for the adoption of telehealth solutions. However, public interest and demand for telehealth during the pandemic remains unknown. OBJECTIVE We used an infodemiological approach to estimate the demand for telehealth services during COVID-19 globally, focusing on the 50 most-affected countries and comparing the demand for such services with the level of information-communications technology (ICT) infrastructure available. METHODS We used Google Trends, the Baidu Index (China), and the Yandex Keyword Statistics (Russia) to extract data on worldwide and individual countries’ telehealth-related internet searches from 1st January to 7th July, 2020, presented as “Relative Search Volumes” (RSV, ranging 0-100). Daily COVID-19 cases and deaths were retrieved from the World Health Organisation. Individual countries’ ICT infrastructure profile were retrieved from the World Economic Forum Report. RESULTS Across the 50 countries, the mean±SD RSV was 18.5±23.2, and the mean ICT index was 62.1±15.0. An overall spike in worldwide telehealth-related RSVs was observed from 11th March 2020 (RSV peaked to 76.0), which then tailed off in June-July 2020 (mean RSV for period=25.8), but remained higher than pre-March RSVs (mean=7.29). By country, 42 (84%) manifested increased RSVs over the evaluation period, with the highest observed in Canada (RSV=100) and the United States (RSV=96). When evaluating associations between RSV and ICT index, the US and Canada demonstrated both high RSVs and ICTs (≥70.3). In contrast, European countries had relatively lower RSVs (ranging 3.4-19.5) despite high ICTs (mean=70.3). Several Latin-American (Brazil, Chile, Colombia), and South-Asian (India, Bangladesh, Pakistan) countries demonstrated relatively higher RSVs (ranging 13.8-73.3) but low ICTs (mean=44.6), indicating that the telehealth demand outstrips the current ICT infrastructure. CONCLUSIONS There is generally increased interest and demand for telehealth services across the 50 countries most affected by COVID-19, highlighting the need to scale up telehealth capabilities, during and beyond COVID-19. CLINICALTRIAL

Whose Territory is it Anyway? Should Psychiatry own Alcohol and Drugs in Australia?

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Wodak
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Improve Treatment ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Alcohol And Drugs ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many ◽  
Drug Problems

Surely alcohol and drug matters in Australia should be regarded as the province of psychiatry? Decades before any other branch of medicine displayed any interest in the subject and long before alcohol and drugs were considered even remotely respectable, numerous Australian psychiatrists provided inspiration and leadership in this Cinderella field. Drs Bartholomew, Bell, Buchanan, Chegwidden, Dalton, Drew, Ellard, Lennane, Milner, Milton, Waddy and Pols are some of the best known among the many Australian psychiatrists who pioneered efforts to improve treatment for patients with alcohol and drug problems. The NHMRC Committee on Alcohol and Drug Dependence, which has a considerable potential for influencing the field in Australia, has always been dominated by psychiatrists. In the United Kingdom and the United States, countries which often serve as models for much of Australian medical and other practice, alcohol and drug matters are determined almost exclusively by psychiatrists. Is there any evidence that they have been held back by a psychiatric hegemony on alcohol and drug's? For many decades (and until quite recently), alcohol and drug matters were handled for the World Health Organisation by its Mental Health Division. Did we suffer globally because WHO placed alcohol and drugs under the control of psychiatry?

scholarly journals SARS: current overview, aetiology and epidemiology

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
Semra Čavaljuga ◽  
Michael Faulde ◽  
Jerrold J. Scharninghausen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
World Health ◽  
New Disease ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Authorities

At this moment, public health authorities, physicians and scientists around the world are struggling to cope with a severe and rapidly spreading new disease in humans called severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS. According to World Health Organisation (WHO) this appears to be the first severe and easily transmissible new disease to emerge in the 21st century. Though much about the disease remains poorly understood, including the details of the causative virus, we do know that it has features that allow it to spread rapidly along international air travel routes. As of 10 May 2003, a cumulative 7296 probable SARS cases with 526 deaths have been reported from 30 countries on three continents (WHO, ProMED). In the past week, more than 1000 new probable cases and 96 deaths were reported globally. This represents an increase of 119 new cases and 8 new deaths compared with 9 May 2003 (China (85), Taiwan (23), and Hong Kong (7) represented the overwhelming majority, with one additional case each reported from France, Malaysia, Singapore, and the United States). Only in China, as of 10 May 2003 (WHO) total of 4884 with 235 deaths have been reported. Some outbreaks have reassuring features.

scholarly journals Anxiety, worry and perceived stress in the world due to the COVID-19 pandemic, March 2020. Preliminary results

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario Sinta Gamonal Limcaoco ◽  
Enrique Montero Mateos ◽  
Juan Matías Fernández ◽  
Carlos Roncero
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean

AbstractIntroductionSince the beginning of the outbreak in China, ending 2019, the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) has spread subsequently to the rest of the world causing an on-going pandemic. The World Health Organisation (WHO) declared COVID-19 “a public health emergency of international concern.” Taking into consideration the lockdown and quarantine situation, a research team of doctors from the Hospital of Salamanca, decided to do an evaluation of the current emotional state on the general population with a web-based survey in English and in Spanish, which was considered a useful and fast method that could help us determine how people perceived stress and worry due to the COVID-19.MethodsThe survey included a 22 items, gathering information in 3 sections: Sociodemographic data, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) by Cohen and additional queries that assessed the current worry and change of behaviours due to this pandemic.ResultsThe survey received 1091 respondents from 41 countries, from March 17 to the 1st of April, 2020. The mean age of the respondents was 43.1 (14.2) years old, and more than two thirds were women. 21.1% were health personnel. The mean of the PSS-10 score was 17.4 (6.4). Significantly higher scores were observed among women, youth, students, and among those who expressed concern and those who perceived increased susceptibility to the COVID-19. In contrast, no significant differences were observed between the health professionals and the general population. A weak correlation was observed between mean relative volume RSV of the last 28 days and the number of cases reported (rho = 0.31, p <0.001) and deaths (rho = 0.28, p <0.001).DiscussionWith these results the researchers describe an increase of affective symptoms due to the COVID-19. This pandemic is raising the anxiety levels. The findings of the study show the affective and cognitive alterations people are going through. This survey is the first attempt to measure the psychological consequences this pandemic is having, in order to be able to provide the support to confront this global issue, addressing the mental health care that will be needed.

scholarly journals ‘A Matter of Conscience’: The Moral Authority of the World Medical Association and the Readmission of the South Africans, 1976–1994

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandisa Mbali
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Medical Association ◽  
White Supremacy ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Moral Authority ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Medical Association ◽  
The World

AbstractThis article describes the role of transnational anti-apartheid activism in South Africa, Britain and the United States in generating international moral outrage over the readmission of the Medical Association of South Africa (MASA) to the World Medical Association (WMA), which had taken place in 1981 after it had withdrawn from that body in 1976. It discusses an example of a controversy where an international health organisation (IHO) lost moral authority as a result of being accused of white supremacy and a pro-American engagement in Cold War politics. At the time of its readmission to the WMA, the MASA was controversial because of its failure to strike off its membership roll one of the doctors implicated the death in detention of Black Consciousness leader Steve Biko in 1977. It details how these activists viewed the American Medical Association as having campaigned for the MASA’s readmission. The WMA’s readmission of the MASA cost the former its relationships with the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the British Medical Association – a dispute which continued until South Africa’s democratic transition of 1994. With its focus on transnational activism in relation to the WMA and the effects of activists’ allegations of racism on its internal politics, this article contributes to the literature on the history of IHOs. Ultimately, this controversy shows the deficiency of international medical professional associations as ethical arbitrators of last resort.

scholarly journals Problems of quality of life of the population of coal-mining regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 278 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Elena Kazantseva ◽  
Galina Chistyakova ◽  
Yury Kleshchevskiy
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
The World ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Mining Regions

Active research on the quality of life of the population began in the second half of the XX century in the United States. Such international organisations as the United Nations (UN), the World Health Organisation (WHO), the International Labour Organization (ILO), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and others have been studying the problems of quality of life. The paper deals with the problems of the quality of life of the population of coal-mining regions. The main challenges include income inequality, low life expectancy, low employment, staff outflow, environmental problems, etc. The analysis of ways to solve the problems of improving the quality of life of the population of coal-mining regions is carried out.

Influenza vaccines

1969 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World

During the summer months an influenza A2 virus isolated in Hong Kong and Singapore was shown to be antigenically sufficiently different from all other A2 strains that many people in Britain probably have little immunity against it. So far relatively few cases of influenza of this strain have occurred in Britain, but the World Health Organisation forecast large outbreaks in the Northern Hemisphere this winter,1 and these are now occurring in the United States. A vaccine against the A2 Hong Kong strain has been prepared with remarkable speed and some has been available since October, but supplies are still short.

scholarly journals An algorithm for monitoring childbirth in settings where tracking all parameters in the WHO partograph is not feasible: design and expert validation (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Balikuddembe ◽  
Peter K. Wakholi ◽  
Nazarius M. Tumwesigye ◽  
Thorkild Tylleskär
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Decision ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Patient Case ◽  
Electronic Tool ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
The World ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Expert Validation

BACKGROUND After determining the key childbirth monitoring items from experts in childbirth, we designed an algorithm to represent the experts’ suggestions and we validated it. OBJECTIVE In this paper we describe the abridged algorithm for labour and delivery (LaD) management and use theoretical case to compare its performance to human childbirth experts. METHODS The LaD algorithm encompasses the tracking of six of the 12 childbirth parameters monitored using the World Health Organisation partograph. It has recommendations on how to manage a patient when parameters are outside the normal ranges. We validated the algorithm with purposively selected experts selecting actions for a stratified sample of patient case scenarios. The experts’ selections were compared to get pairwise sensitivity and false positive rates (FPR) between them and the algorithm. RESULTS The mean weighted pairwise sensitivity among experts was 68.2% (StD. 6.95; CI. 59.6, 76.8) while that between the experts and LaD algorithm was 69.4% (StD. 17.95; CI. 47.1, 91.7). The pairwise FPR amongst the experts ranged from 12% to 33% with a mean of 23.9% (CI. 12.6, 35.2) and that between the experts and the algorithm ranged from 18% to 43% (mean 26.3%; CI. 13.3, 39.3). The was a correlation (mean of 0.67) in the actions selected by the expert pairs for the different patient cases with a reliability coefficient 0.91. CONCLUSIONS The LaD algorithm was more sensitive but with a higher FPR than the childbirth experts, although the differences were not statistically significant. An electronic tool for childbirth monitoring with fewer than WHO-recommended parameters may not be inferior to human experts in labour and delivery clinical decision support.

A Collaborative Study to Establish the Second International Standard for Streptokinase

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (02) ◽  
pp. 267-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
A B Heath ◽  
P J Gaffney
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Accelerated Degradation ◽  
The World ◽  
International Collaborative Study

SummaryAn International Standard for Streptokinase - Streptodomase (62/7) has been used to calibrate high purity clinical batches of SK since 1965. An international collaborative study, involving six laboratories, was undertaken to replace this standard with a high purity standard for SK. Two candidate preparations (88/826 and 88/824) were compared by a clot lysis assay with the current standard (62/7). Potencies of 671 i.u. and 461 i.u. were established for preparations A (88/826) and B (88/824), respectively.Either preparation appeared suitable to serve as a standard for SK. However, each ampoule of preparation A (88/826) contains a more appropriate amount of SK activity for potency testing, and is therefore preferred. Accelerated degradation tests indicate that preparation A (88/826) is very stable.The high purity streptokinase preparation, coded 88/826, has been established by the World Health Organisation as the 2nd International Standard for Streptokinase, with an assigned potency of 700 i.u. per ampoule.

Comparative docking of SARS-CoV-2 receptors antagonists from repurposing drugs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micael Davi Lima de Oliveira ◽  
Kelson Mota Teixeira de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Lung Cells ◽  
The Novel ◽  
High Modulation ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Viral Receptors ◽  
Theoretical Results

According to the World Health Organisation, until 16 June, 2020, the number of confirmed and notified cases of COVID-19 has already exceeded 7.9 million with approximately 434 thousand deaths worldwide. This research aimed to find repurposing antagonists, that may inhibit the activity of the main protease (Mpro) of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as partially modulate the ACE2 receptors largely found in lung cells, and reduce viral replication by inhibiting Nsp12 RNA polymerase. Docking molecular simulations were performed among a total of 60 structures, most of all, published in the literature against the novel coronavirus. The theoretical results indicated that, in comparative terms, paritaprevir, ivermectin, ledipasvir, and simeprevir, are among the most theoretical promising drugs in remission of symptoms from the disease. Furthermore, also corroborate indinavir to the high modulation in viral receptors. The second group of promising drugs includes remdesivir and azithromycin. The repurposing drugs HCQ and chloroquine were not effective in comparative terms to other drugs, as monotherapies, against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Osseointegrated Implants: A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Matheus Marquez Cruvinel Santos ◽  
◽  
Flávio Barros da Silva ◽  
Idiberto José Zotarelli-Filho ◽  
Elias Naim Kassis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Osseointegrated Implants ◽  
Bone Mineral Density Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Women

The most common bone disorder found by implant dentists is osteoporosis, which is a systemic skeletal disorder associated with aging, which is characterized by loss of bone mass, making bones fragile and more susceptible to fractures. The World Health Organisation has defined osteoporosis as a bone mineral density level greater than 2.5 standard deviations below the mean of young normal women. After 60 years of age, a third of the population have this disorder, it occurs twice as often in women than in men. It is estimated that 1.3 million fractures and 133,000 all hip fractures occur every year as a result of osteoporosis. This study aimed to discuss aspects of the pharmacological action of Bisphosphonates (BP) and their influence on the bone tissue when associated with treatment with dental implants. There are several types of treatments that prevent or prevent the progression of osteoporosis. So, BP, such as alendronate, are inhibitors of bone resorption. Act as controlling the development of osteoporosis by increasing the process of bone density and decrease its reabsorption, often acting as supporting the process of osseointegration of dental implants.

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