scholarly journals The Impact of Lacking Guideline on the Prescription of Nonoccupational Postexposure Prophylaxis among HIV Medical Care Providers: National Internet-based Observational Study in China (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Ding ◽  
Zehao Ye ◽  
Weiming Tang ◽  
Xiaojie Huang ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Postexposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Prescribing Practice ◽  
Biomedical Prevention ◽  
Disease Hospital ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis (nPEP) is an effective HIV biomedical prevention strategy. While previously nPEP guidelines for HIV were mainly released in developed countries, little is known on the perception, attitude, and practice of nPEP in HIV medical care providers in developing countries. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the nPEP perception and prescribing practice among HIV medical care providers in China. METHODS HIV medical care providers were recruited in China during May to June 2019, through an online survey regarding nPEP-related knowledge, attitudes, and clinical prescription experiences. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with prescribing nPEP among HIV medical care providers. RESULTS Totally, 777 eligible participants participated in this study, who are from 133 cities in 31 provinces in China. Of the participants, only 39.8% (309/777) understood nPEP well. Overall, 53.3% (414/777) of participants once prescribed nPEP, among whom 38.9% (161/414) encountered barriers in the prescription process. HIV medical care providers who working in a specialized infectious disease hospital (vs. general hospital: adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 2.50; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.86–3.35), and having previously prescribed occupational PEP (oPEP, aOR, 4.55; 95% CI, 3.08–6.73), had a significantly positive association with prescribing nPEP; however, self-reported having no oPEP guideline in place (aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36–0.79), as well as believing nPEP may promote HIV high-risk behavior (aOR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.36–0.76) or result in HIV drug resistance (aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36–0.77) among key populations, were negatively associated with nPEP prescription behavior. CONCLUSIONS HIV medical care providers have a poor nPEP perception and an inadequate proportion of prescribing, which may impede the smooth implementation of nPEP to prevent HIV infection. The development of a national nPEP guideline would improve the situation.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Study Conditions and Depressive Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among University Students in Germany: Results of the International COVID-19 Student Well-Being Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Mayara Matos Fialho ◽  
Franca Spatafora ◽  
Lisa Kühne ◽  
Heide Busse ◽  
Stefanie M. Helmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
University Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
German Student ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental Well Being

Background: Results of previous studies examining the impact of the SARS-CoV-1 epidemic in 2003 on university students' mental well-being indicated severe mental health consequences. It is unclear how the current COVID-19 pandemic and the changes in study conditions due to federal regulations affected mental well-being in the German student population. We examined university students' perceptions of study conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic and investigated associations between study conditions and depressive symptoms.Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Germany in May 2020 at four universities (N = 5,021, 69% female, mean age: 24 years, SD: 5.1). Perceived study conditions, as well as sociodemographic information, were assessed with self-generated items and the CES-D 8 scale was used to determine depressive symptoms. Associations between perceived study conditions (academic stress and academic satisfaction), in general, and confidence to complete the semester, in particular, and depressive symptoms were analyzed using generalized linear regressions.Results: Fifty-four percent of survey participants felt that the university workload had significantly increased since the COVID-19 pandemic; 48% were worried that they would not be able to successfully complete the academic year; 47% agreed that the change in teaching methods caused significant stress. Regarding depressive symptoms, the mean score of the CES-D 8 scale was 9.25. Further, a positive association between perceived study conditions and depressive symptoms was found (p < 0.001), indicating that better study conditions were associated with fewer depressive symptoms. Results of the generalized linear regression suggest that better student mental well-being was related to higher confidence in completing the semester.Conclusions: This study provides first insights into perceived study conditions and associations with depressive symptoms among students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Findings underline the need for universities to provide intervention strategies targeting students' mental well-being during the course of the pandemic.

scholarly journals Assessment of nurses’ competence to care for sexually assaulted trans persons: a survey of Ontario’s Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence Treatment Centres

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e023880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice Du Mont ◽  
Sarah Daisy Kosa ◽  
Shirley Solomon ◽  
Sheila Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Additional Training ◽  
Sexually Assaulted ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveOur primary objective was to examine the perceived level of competence and need for additional training among nurses engaged in the care of sexually assaulted trans persons. Among these nurses, a secondary objective was to examine the impact of prior trans-specific training on their perceived level of competence.SettingAn online survey was distributed to nurses working within 35 hospital-based violence treatment centres in Ontario, Canada.Respondents95 nurses completed the survey.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe perceived level of competence and need for additional training overall and on 31 specific items associated with initial assessment, medical care, forensic examination and discharge and referral, as well as sociodemographic, work experience and prior training information, was collected and summarised using descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultsAlmost three-quarters (73.1%) of nurses indicated that they had little or no expertise in caring for trans clients who have been sexually assaulted and 95.7% strongly agreed/agreed that they would benefit from (additional) training. The mean level of competence was 4.00 or greater (strongly agreed/agreed with the statement) for just 9 out of the 31 competencies related to caring for trans clients. Having undergone prior trans-specific training (61.3%) was associated with greater perceived competence in initial assessment (p=0.004) and medical care (p<0.001).ConclusionIt is of key importance that nurses demonstrate knowledge of and respond competently to the complex and diverse needs of trans survivors of sexual assault. The nurses surveyed overwhelmingly identified a need for additional training to care for sexually assaulted trans clients. It appears that additional training would be beneficial, as prior trans-specific training was associated with higher perceived competence in delivering certain aspects of care.

scholarly journals The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children’s Health in Portugal: The Parental Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Poppe ◽  
Bárbara Aguiar ◽  
Rodrigo Sousa ◽  
Paulo Oom
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Children’S Health ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Access To Medical Care ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic poses unprecedented challenges for healthcare services and has led to changes in the usage pattern of the pediatric population. We aimed to describe the impact of COVID-19 on children’s health, wellbeing, and access to medical care in Portugal.Material and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study through an anonymous online survey via social media. The collected data refers to a period between the 16th of March and the 17th of May 2020.Results: We obtained responses to the survey on 19 745 children. Of the previously scheduled outpatient consultations, 54.2% were postponed by healthcare institutions and 21.6% of planned vaccinations were missed. Parents expressed concerns regarding psychological, social, and physical consequences for their children due to the pandemic.Discussion: The observed reduction of pediatric emergency department visits and the postponement of outpatient consultations and vaccine administrations are potentially harmful for non-COVID patients. The current pandemic and the imposed social distance might have an important negative impact on the mental health of children.Conclusion: Further studies are necessary to fully comprehend the outcomes of the decreased access to medical care, as well as the collateral damage for children beyond the clinical aspects of the pandemic. Defining strategies regarding the urge to vaccinate children and not postpone urgent evaluations should be a public health priority.

scholarly journals Impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on bariatric care in Poland – results of national survey.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Major ◽  
Tomasz Stefura ◽  
Michał Wysocki ◽  
Piotr Małczak ◽  
Anna Rzepa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
World Health ◽  
Oncological Treatment ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Willingness

Abstract Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has reached Poland on March 4th, 2020 and undoubtedly affected all areas of life and medical care, including bariatric care. The study was planned to identify the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on bariatric care in Poland. Methods: The online survey was designed and distributed to bariatric surgeons. The questionnaire was divided into three parts: demographic characteristics of participants and their bariatric centers, examining the impact of the pandemic on the bariatric care and last part with questions about planned care after the pandemic.Results: 49 surgeons participated in the survey. 27 (55%) participants worked in hospitals transformed into COVID-dedicated units. Only 9 (18%) respondents declared uninterrupted bariatric surgery during a pandemic. 91% of surgeons declared continuation of bariatric care with telemedicine techniques. All participants declared a high willingness to resume bariatric surgery after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and responded that bariatric procedures should resume immediately when World Health Organisation (WHO) announces the end of a pandemic regardless of oncological treatment. 90% of respondents believe that the pandemic will not affect the safety of bariatric procedures in the future.Conclusions: Access to bariatric care during the pandemic is limited and redirected to telemedicine. Surgeons are ready to resume bariatric operations immediately after the pandemic, but its end is difficult to determine. In surgeons’ opinion pandemic will not affect the safety of bariatric surgery in the future. The extended waiting list and financial aspects will be the main issues after the pandemic.

Actions beyond regulatory compliances: perceived climate strategy proactivity in Indian companies

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil Kant
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Climate Crisis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Purpose This paper aims to assess the perceptions of stakeholders as regards the practices of Indian companies vis-à-vis climate change seeking underpinnings from stakeholder theory and collecting data using a structured questionnaire. Design/methodology/approach This paper used a descriptive analytical research design based on the data collected from a diverse sample of stakeholders of Indian companies through a cross-sectional, self-administered online survey questionnaire. Findings The study attaching significance to the stakeholders’ perception as a useful tool underscores that Indian companies have started to engage in preventive measures to minimize the externalities of climate crisis taking cognizance of the stakeholders’ interests amidst their increased awareness, also underlining that their perceptions substantially determine climate strategy proactivity (CSP) in their quest of competitive advantage beyond regulatory compliances. The study finds that incessant growth in the stakeholder awareness has not left companies to remain reluctant from analyzing effects and adopting suitable strategies in India also which, as a fast growing developing country, has witnessed immense growth in the post-liberalization era. Research limitations/implications This study would help decision-makers in businesses, policymakers, practitioners and standard-setters by providing further insights on the relevance of stakeholders’ perspectives in CSP in the developing countries. Stakeholders’ perceptions though representing varied categories hint that the actions beyond regulatory compliances need to be in focus in future studies. Originality/value The paper elaborates the significance of CSP in developing countries to eliminate the impact of inadequacies that previous studies undertook primarily in developed countries have failed in contextualizing these issues of developing countries.

Effect of country image and materialism on the quality evaluation of Korean products

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 386-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byoungho Ellie Jin ◽  
Naeun Lauren Kim ◽  
Heesoon Yang ◽  
Minji Jung
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Country Image ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
The Impact

Purpose It is critical to understand how global consumers evaluate the quality of Asian products while marketing Asian products in the global marketplaces. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of Korea’s macro and micro country image and global consumers’ materialism level on the quality evaluation of Korean cosmetics among consumers in four countries. Design/methodology/approach Data from 900 participants were collected from consumers aged 20 or older living in economically developed countries (the USA and France) and economically developing countries (China and Vietnam) via professional online survey firms. Multiple regression analyses were used to analyze the data. Findings Along with the direct effect of macro and micro country image and materialism on product quality evaluation, a moderating effect of materialism and the respective country was discovered. Subsequently, the effect of macro country image on quality evaluation was found to be only significant in the USA and France and not in China and Vietnam. In contrast, the impact of micro country image was robust across all four countries. Furthermore, the effect of materialism on product quality was significant only in Vietnam. This implies that materialistic consumers in emerging markets might have favorable perceptions regarding the quality of Korean cosmetics. Originality/value This study advances country image research by providing new theoretical and managerial implications for countries whose image is less distinctive with respect to the effective marketing of products by the destination countries’ development status and consumers’ familiarity.

scholarly journals 139 Understanding the Psychosocial Impact of the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic – A Focus on Children and Families

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. e97-e98
Author(s):  
Sarah Gander ◽  
Kate Flood ◽  
Sarah Campbell ◽  
Katie Bonner
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Primary Subject area Social Paediatrics Background The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is a major global threat that emerged in 2020. Many countries have enacted policies such as mandatory school closures, business closures, and self-quarantining to keep people at home and prevent further spread of the virus. Previous research has shown that pandemics and subsequent disease containment measures negatively affect children and families, both psychosocially and economically. Objectives The current study explores the potential psychosocial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent disease containment measures on a number of domains (employment/business, education, finances, medical care, access to medication, technology, children/family, access to community services) through an online survey. The current abstract focuses on the emotional well-being of children and how families have been affected by the restrictions and changes related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/Methods Participants were asked to complete an online survey through a secure portal. The survey consisted of questions about household demographics and socio-economic status (SES), as well as five psychometric scales measuring satisfaction with life, psychological well-being, anxiety, depression, and substance use, and specific questions about how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted respondents’ daily lives in the previously identified domains. This is the first of four longitudinal surveys that will be conducted throughout this study. Results A total of 571 participants completed the survey. Of these participants, 41.3% identified as being a parent or guardian with children under 18. The focus of this abstract is the subset of respondents with children. Roughly three quarters of participants identified that their children were emotionally impacted by COVID-19, the school closures, or missing friends or family (Yes = 46.6%; Somewhat = 30.5%). Parents also reported loss of access to childcare, disruptions to their visits with their children living outside the home, and feeling like they could not access timely medical care for their children. Demographic information and other relevant responses and information can be found in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. Conclusion The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic will be felt for years to come and will shape an entire generation of children. Even in the current sample, which consisted largely of individuals from medium-high SES households, most reported that children had been impacted emotionally. Understanding and mitigating the impact on children and adapting resources in the short term and the long-term to meet the growing needs of our communities must be top priorities for pediatricians and community service providers.

scholarly journals Different is Better: Does Difference in Age and Ethnicity of the Directors Matter for Corporate Performance in Malaysia?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-220
Author(s):  
Haseeb Ur Rahman ◽  
Muhammad Zahid ◽  
Muhammad Jehangir
Keyword(s):  
Middle Age ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Share Price ◽  
Corporate Boards ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Impact

The prior diversity-related literature is mostly dominated by the boardroom gender diversity of the top or large companies of the developed countries. Consequently, this study investigates the impact of the rarely investigated boardroom diversity-related dimensions like directors’ age and ethnicity on the financial performance of 360 randomly selected non-financial listed companies from a developing country - Malaysia from 2010 to 2014. The findings revealed that ethnic equality (the presence of directors from all the three major ethnicities of the country) on the board has a significant positive relationship with ROA and share price. However, directors’ age has a significant positive association with share price but it has an insignificant effect on ROA. The findings of this study provide important insights for the regulators, policymakers, and all other key stakeholders of the developing countries, especially Malaysia, where the corporate boards are mostly dominated by men of middle age from Chinese ethnicity.

Industry 4.0 competencies: a model for the Vietnamese workforce

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anh Tuan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Delphi Study ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Competency Model ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to develop a competency model for the Vietnamese workforce in the era of Industry 4.0. Design/methodology/approach A combination of an online survey and a Delphi study was conducted to identify a set of skills, abilities, knowledge and personalities that are critical for effective performance in the future workplace. Findings A set of 26 competencies was identified. Similar to previous findings in the context of developed countries, the set centres around a group of competencies commonly called “21st century competencies”. It also includes characteristics unique to a developing nation. Research limitations/implications The proposed framework of competencies may not cover all human capabilities necessitated by the workplace and may include items with overlapping definitions. The study only represents the view of the business community, and its survey sample was limited in size and location. The impact of COVID-19 on the competency model was not explicitly covered during the study. Practical implications The competency model could serve as a basis for the educator to reform curricula, the policy maker to devise policies and the employer to develop training programmes. It can be used as a reference for other nations at similarly-developmental level. Originality/value The present study is among a few empirical studies regarding a model for Industry 4.0 competencies in the context of low middle-income countries and probably provides one of the first Industry 4.0 competency models for Vietnam. It also provides a novel framework for identifying and analyzing competencies.

scholarly journals Aging through the time of COVID-19: a survey of self-reported healthcare access

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allie Peckham ◽  
Keenan A. Pituch ◽  
Molly Maxfield ◽  
M. Aaron Guest ◽  
Shalini Sivanandam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Healthcare Provider ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Primary Care Providers ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Chronic conditions are common and require ongoing continuous management and preventive measures. The COVID-19 pandemic may have affected the management of chronic conditions by delaying care. We sought to understand the impact of personal characteristics (i.e., age) and healthcare factors (i.e., access to a provider) on healthcare access in a sample of Americans 50 years of age or older during COVID-19. Method Participants completed an online survey at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic – the Aging in the Time of COVID Survey. Questions focused on health status, health care access, COVID-19 fear, and social connectedness. Participants were recruited through social media advertisements, list serves, and snowball sampling. Data collection started in early April 2020 and concluded in late May 2020. Logistic regression models examined the results of two key access points: healthcare provider/doctor (n = 481) and medication (n = 765), with 56 and 93% of participants reporting access to a provider and medications, respectively. Results Individuals with an established primary care provider were much more likely to obtain access to a healthcare provider, OR = 3.81 (95% CI: 1.69, 8.77), and to receive medication, OR = 4.48 (95% CI: 1.61, 11.48), during the time of COVID-19. In addition, access to medication was (a) higher for those who were older, OR = 1.05 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.09), had a higher income (greater than 100 k compared to less than 50 k, OR = 3.04 (95% CI: 1.11, 8.98), and (b) lower for those having caregiving responsibilities, OR = 0.41 (95% CI: 0.21, 0.78), or greater social isolation, OR = 0.93 (95% CI: 0.87, 0.98). Conclusions Although most participants had access to medication, just over half had access to a healthcare provider when needed. Notably, health-seeking behaviors for individuals who do not have an established primary care providers as well as those who provide unpaid care, are socially isolated, and younger may require more proactive approaches to care monitoring, management, and maintenance.

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