Association Between General self-efficacy and Perceived Stress, Life Satisfaction: A Cross-sectional Study Among Chinese Medical Students (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Ma ◽  
Nan Yan ◽  
Hong Liang ◽  
Xirui Zhang ◽  
Wen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Self Efficacy

BACKGROUND The level of stress and life satisfaction of medical students plays a pronounced role in their mental development. Unfortunately, some of them may face huge psychological pressure. To better understand how to alleviate and improve their psychological problems has become an urgent problem. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate whether and to what extent general self-efficacy was related to medical students' stress state and life satisfaction level. METHODS This is a cross-sectional, observational study conducted among medical students in grades one to four from a medical college in Shenyang. All of the information was collected by questionnaire, which included sociodemographic data, life satisfaction index B (LSIB), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and Stress Response questionnaire (SRQ). Also, the questionnaires are demonstrated adequate reliability and validity. Linear regression models were used to calculate β and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjusting for potential factors. RESULTS A total of 1543 medical students completed the survey, including 441 boys (28.58%) and 1102 girls (71.42%). General self-efficacy was significantly associated with emotional response (β, -1.37; 95% CI, -2.24, -0.49), physical response (β, -0.60; 95% CI, -1.13, -0.07), behavior response (β, -0.78; 95% CI, -1.20, -0.36) and the total stress response score (β , -2.60; 95% CI, -4.39, -0.80) adjusting for confounding factors. A positive belief about life satisfaction was associated with general self-efficacy (β, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.70, 1.31). The association between general self-efficacy, stress, and life satisfaction were also found in the stratified analyses. Moreover, the current research also revealed the interesting interactions between general self-efficacy and confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS We observed the negative associations between general self-efficacy and stress, while the positive associations between self-efficacy and life satisfaction. Moreover, regular psychological counseling should be provided to medical students. However, it is also necessary to confirm our findings and clarify the potential specific mechanisms in future studies.

scholarly journals The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF): a validation study in Iranian mothers

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Payam Amini ◽  
Reza Omani-Samani ◽  
Mahdi Sepidarkish ◽  
Amir Almasi-Hashiani ◽  
Mostafa Hosseini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Persian Version ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Valid Instrument

Abstract Objective The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) is a widely used instrument that measures breastfeeding self-efficacy. This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Persian version of BSES-SF in Iranian mothers. Results The English version of BSES-SF was translated into Persian using the standard forward–backward translation procedure. No changes (i.e., neither delete nor rephrase the items) were made to the BSES-SF items. The mean BSES-SF total score was 50.80 ± 8.91. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for internal consistency for the BSES-SF was 0.910. The confirmatory factor analysis results provided evidence for unidimensionality of the scale (χ2/df = 4.42; CFI = 0.96; NFI = 0.95; IFI = 0.96; RMSEA = 0.095 and SRMR = 0.054). The divergent validity of the BSES-SF was proved via a significant negative correlation with scores of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (r = − 0.273, P < 0.001). In sum, the Persian version of the BSES-SF is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring breastfeeding self-efficacy in Iranian mothers. Trial registration number This was a cross-sectional study (not clinical trial).

scholarly journals Career Aspiration and Life Satisfaction of Final Year Medical School Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-491
Author(s):  
Uzma Zahid
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Career Aspiration ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical School Students

The aim of this study was to assess career aspiration and its three subscales (leadership, achievement, educational) and their relationship with life-satisfaction in final year medical school students of both genders. This cross-sectional study was carried out in final year students of a medical college in Rawalpindi,Pakistan using 24 items revised English Version of Career Aspiration Scale (CAS) and 5 items Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). This study was conducted on total 88 final year medical school students, among them 44 were males and 44 were females. Findings show significant correlation of career aspiration with lifesatisfaction, as well as of its educational subscale and life satisfaction. There was a non-significant correlation of achievement and leadership subscales of career aspiration with life-satisfaction. Medical students who are more aspired towards their career seem to be more satisfied in their life. Moreover, medical students were more interested in getting more and more education but there is lack of aptitude towards achievement and leadership, signifying the need of mentoring amongst medical students. Practical steps should be taken to develop achievement and leadership aspects of medical students, which can ultimately enhance their career aspirations.

scholarly journals General self-efficacy in individuals with visual impairment compared with the general population

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254043
Author(s):  
Audun Brunes ◽  
Marianne B. Hansen ◽  
Trond Heir
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
General Population ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Norwegian Population ◽  
General Self Efficacy

Background Knowledge about self-efficacy and its significance for the quality of life of people with visual impairment is lacking. The aims of the study were to compare general self-efficacy in individuals with visual impairment with the general population, and to investigate the association between self-efficacy and life satisfaction. Methods A telephone-based cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and May 2017 in a probability sample of adults who were members of the Norwegian Association of the Blind and Partially Sighted. Participants were asked questions about their sociodemographic characteristics, characteristics of vision loss, general self-efficacy (General Self-efficacy Scale), and life satisfaction (Cantril’s Ladder of Life Satisfaction). We obtained norm data from a representative survey of the general Norwegian population (N = 1792; mean age 53.2 years; 52.5% females). Results People with visual impairment had higher levels of general self-efficacy than people in the general population (Mean: 31.5 versus 29.0, p < .001). Results from linear regression analyses of the visual impairment population showed that higher education and residential in an urban municipality were associated with higher self-efficacy. Having additional impairments and a previous history of physical or sexual assaults were associated with lower self-efficacy. A linear dose-response relationship was found between self-efficacy and life satisfaction, in the visual impairment population as well as in the general population. Conclusions People with visual impairment have higher self-efficacy than people in the general population, possibly due to extensive mastery experience in how to handle life as visually impaired. Self-efficacy seems to be important in achieving the best possible life.

scholarly journals Autoeficacia y resiliencia: diferencias entre deportistas practicantes de fitness/culturismo y no deportistas (Self-efficacy and resilience: differences between fitness/bodybuilding athletes and non-athletes)

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 232-241
Author(s):  
María Teresa Ortiz Romero ◽  
María Garrido Guzmán ◽  
Carolina Castañeda Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sports Psychology ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
General Self Efficacy

El estudio de la autoeficacia y la resiliencia favorece en el deportista el desarrollo de la fuerza mental, el control y mejora el rendimiento. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el grado de autoeficacia y el nivel de resiliencia de deportistas de culturismo, fitness y en sujetos no entrenados. Se comprobaron las diferencias en las variables autoeficacia y resiliencia en función del sexo, la práctica deportiva de fitness o culturismo, o la ausencia de ésta. Participaron 179 personas de entre 18 y 69 años (51,4% hombres y 48,6% mujeres; 58,1% culturistas o practicantes de fitness y 41,9% no hacían ningún tipo de práctica deportiva). Se usó la Escala de Autoeficacia General de Baessler y Schwarzer (1996) para medir la autoeficacia y la Escala de Resiliencia de Connor y Davidson (CD-RISC10) para medir la resiliencia. Los resultados indicaron que, aunque los hombres presentaron un perfil más resiliente que las mujeres, fueron las personas que no realizaban práctica deportiva quienes mayormente reunían dicho rasgo, aunque las diferencias no fueron significativas en este aspecto. Los resultados mostraron mejores percepciones de autoeficacia en culturistas y practicantes de fitness, así como de autoeficacia en los hombres sobre las mujeres. Se demostró la variabilidad de la resiliencia y sus dimensiones en función del deporte practicado, mostrándose los factores resilientes más débiles y que deberían ser desarrollados para mejorar el rendimiento deportivo en situaciones adversas. Abstract. The study of self-efficacy and resilience is a challenge for sports psychology, favoring in the athlete the development of mental strength, control and improvement of performance. The objective of this research is to analyze the degree of self-efficacy and the level of resilience of the subjects. It is verified if there are significant differences in these variables, depending on sex, sports practice of fitness or bodybuilding and the absence of practice. This descriptive and cross-sectional study carry out using a sample of 179 people residing in Spain, between 18 and 69 years old (51.4% are men and 48.6% women; 58,1% bodybuilders or fitness people and 41,9% didn’t do any type of sports practice). The Baessler and Schwarzer (1996) General Self-Efficacy Scale is used to measure self-efficacy and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC10) to measure resilience. The results obtained show, according to sex, that men present higher values ​​in resilience and self-efficacy than women and, according to sport activity, that bodybuilders and fitness practitioners present better perceptions of self-efficacy, although not of resilience, than those who don´t do any sport. In conclusion, the variability of resilience and its dimensions depending on the sport practiced is demonstrated, showing the weakest resilient factors that should be developed to improve sports performance in adverse situations.

An evaluation of preschool educators’ life skills health education capacity: Scale development and verification

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Ling Chen ◽  
Chieh-Hsing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Life Skills ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Preschool Educators

Abstract Background: Preschool educators who facilitate life skills health education have an important role. Limited research has explored the comprehensive content and strategies of courses related to health education in kindergarten. The aim of this study is to create a questionnaire scale suitable for assessing preschool educators' capacity for life skills health education in Taipei, Taiwan. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to explore and assess life skills health education as a teaching approach for preschool educators. The scale was developed in three steps. The first step was to create a draft questionnaire that passed a validation review by 9 experts. The second step was a pretest (N=128) with category analysis and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to create the formal version of the scale. The dimension analysis of the scale to assess the life skills health education capacity of preschool educators in kindergartens included cognition, attitude and self-efficacy. The third step was official testing (N=503), in which the efficacy criterion correlation validity test showed good simultaneous validity and discrimination. Results: The first draft of the pretest analysis contained 45 initial questions; 38 questions remained after 7 questions were deleted based on the EFA. According to the theoretical framework and after deleting 8 items that did not conform to the standard, a total of 30 questions were included in the formal scale. The two factors in the cognitive subscale were "health-promoting kindergarten" and "life skills teaching" for a total of 9 questions, and the two factors in the attitude subscale were "perceived benefits" and "perceived barriers" for a total of 11 questions. The three factors of the self-efficacy subscale were "adaptability and self-management ability", "decision-making and critical thinking ability" and "communication and interpersonal communication ability" for a total of 10 questions. Cronbach's α coefficient for each subscale fell in the range of .813 to .936. Conclusions: This scale has satisfactory reliability and validity and can be administered to assess the outcomes of pedagogical training for life skills health education for preschool educators in health-promoting kindergartens.

Relationship between perceived stress, general self-efficacy and socio-demographic factors of an undergraduate student population in Sri Lanka: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
L. H. Walpola ◽  
P. J. Wijekumar ◽  
S. S. Wadduwage ◽  
N. D. K. Ranadeva ◽  
S. Chakrewarthy
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
General Self Efficacy

Nearly 80% of students in higher education worldwide experience psychological stress during their university life due to various stressors. Stress among students can be viewed as the body’s reaction, both neurologically and physiologically, to adapt to new conditions. Stress can lead to poor academic performance and underachievement among students. The present study assessed the levels of perceived stress, general self-efficacy, and their association with socio-demographic factors among a selected group of undergraduates at a higher educational institute. A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed using stratified random sampling among 393 undergraduates. The data were collected through the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) and a questionnaire to determine the socio-demographic factors. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23. The mean age of the sample (n=393) was 22.36±2.33 years. The results showed a mean perceived stress score of 20.72±4.96, indicating moderate perceived stress. The majority of the participants (79.4%) had moderate perceived stress, followed by high stress (12.7%) and low stress (7.4%). There was no significant difference between the stress levels of male and female students. No significant association was observed between perceived stress and socio-demographic factors assessed (age, gender, civil status, residence status, financial status, the program of study, employment prospects) using the chi-squared test. Spearman correlation showed a statistically significant negative correlation between perceived stress levels and general self-efficacy (p<0.001, r = -0.293). Intervention strategies to reduce perceived stress and to improve general self-efficacy should be implemented among the undergraduates. Further studies are needed to understand the factors contributing to stress and their interrelations among undergraduate students. Keywords: Perceived stress, General self-efficacy, Higher education

scholarly journals Depression, stress and anxiety in medical students: A cross-sectional comparison between students from different semesters

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Lúcia Damásio Moutinho ◽  
◽  
Natalia de Castro Pecci Maddalena ◽  
Ronald Kleinsorge Roland ◽  
Alessandra Lamas Granero Lucchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Chi Squared

Summary Objective: To compare the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress in medical students from all semesters of a Brazilian medical school and assess their respective associated factors. Method: A cross-sectional study of students from the twelve semesters of a Brazilian medical school was carried out. Students filled out a questionnaire including sociodemographics, religiosity (DUREL - Duke Religion Index), and mental health (DASS-21 - Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale). The students were compared for mental health variables (Chi-squared/ANOVA). Linear regression models were employed to assess factors associated with DASS-21 scores. Results: 761 (75.4%) students answered the questionnaire; 34.6% reported depressive symptomatology, 37.2% showed anxiety symptoms, and 47.1% stress symptoms. Significant differences were found for: anxiety - ANOVA: [F = 2.536, p=0.004] between first and tenth (p=0.048) and first and eleventh (p=0.025) semesters; depression - ANOVA: [F = 2.410, p=0.006] between first and second semesters (p=0.045); and stress - ANOVA: [F = 2.968, p=0.001] between seventh and twelfth (p=0.044), tenth and twelfth (p=0.011), and eleventh and twelfth (p=0.001) semesters. The following factors were associated with (a) stress: female gender, anxiety, and depression; (b) depression: female gender, intrinsic religiosity, anxiety, and stress; and (c) anxiety: course semester, depression, and stress. Conclusion: Our findings revealed high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in medical students, with marked differences among course semesters. Gender and religiosity appeared to influence the mental health of the medical students.

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