scholarly journals COVID-19 is viewed as severe as Tumor and HIV; Perceptions towards Covid-19. (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesay Menebo
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
Attitudes And Perceptions ◽  
The World ◽  
Patient’S Perception ◽  
Perception Of Disease

UNSTRUCTURED COVID-19 pandemic has killed thousands and still does. Since its first emergence, people have been having different attitudes and perceptions towards the virus. Perceptions have profound consequences on behavior. For example, patient’s perception of disease threat (disease severity) leads to medication adherence. COVID-19 perception studies guide public awareness efforts or help in understanding behavior, yet limited. This study responds that call, offers a glimpse. A repeated cross-sectional data is collected from 376 randomly selected respondents located all over the world in two periods. Perceived severity (how severe people think COVID-19 and 16 other illnesses are), perceived disease belongingness (rating of COVID-19 and 16 other illnesses as mental or physical) and demographic variables (gender, age and education) are measured. ANOVA, Spearman correlation and scatter analysis are applied. Perceived severity, perceived disease belongingness and age correlate between each other. Participants perceive COVID-19 as severe as Tumor and AIDS (F (2,722) =2.347; p=.096), and as more severe than other 14 illnesses; e.g. Diabetes and High blood pressure. Age wise, participants above 50 age group perceive COVID-19 as more severe than the under 50 (F (1,240) = 10.378, p <.001). A month later, depression surpassed COVID-19 to be perceived as more severe. Majority of respondents attribute COVID-19 as a physical (vs mental) illness, thus consider it severe (vs not severe). Implications could mean; (1) COVID-19 patients might be susceptible to social stigmatization as HIV patients, (2) stay-home obligations are possibly exposing to depression and (3) severity perception is shaping intervention friendly behaviors.

scholarly journals A retrospective study of colorectal carcinoma in central India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 977
Author(s):  
Suresh Clement H. ◽  
S. Madhu Babu ◽  
Samir Ahmad ◽  
Harsha Omkar M.
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Central India ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Outer Quadrant ◽  
The World ◽  
Menstruating Women ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Background: Inner lining of lobules or ducts of milk of breast tissue is the origin of the breast cancer. Among females, it constitutes 10.4% of cancer cases incidence all over the world. It thus is the fifth leading cause of mortality all over the world. As known, it is more common in females than males. The objective of this study was to study the clinical and epidemiological profile of breast cancer patients.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out for a period of two and half years at M. G. M. Hospital, Warangal. Both males and females of 30 years and above were included in the study. Total number of carcinoma cases admitted during 2005 to 2007 for a period of two and half years were 1,428. Total number of carcinoma breast cases admitted during 2005 to 2007 for a period of two and half years were 242.Results: Maximum cases i.e. 44.6% belonged to stage III of breast cancer. Maximum cases were seen among Hindus i.e. 76.4%. As expected, only one case was reported by males which constituted only 0.42%. Highest number of cases i.e. 99 (40.9%) were reported during the age group of 40-50 years. Multi para women constituted more number of cases in 78.8%. Maximum number of cases of breast cancer i.e. 41.6% occurred among menstruating women. Most commonly affected quadrant was upper outer in 55.1% of cases. The most common type was Schirrous carcinoma in 39.6% of cases.Conclusions: Upper outer quadrant was most commonly affected. This indicates that the women in the reproductive age group should be directed to examine their breast daily with specific attention to upper outer quadrant.

scholarly journals The Dental Aesthetic Index and Its Association with Dental Caries, Dental Plaque and Socio-Demographic Variables in Schoolchildren Aged 12 and 15 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9741
Author(s):  
Paula Fernández-Riveiro ◽  
Nerea Obregón-Rodríguez ◽  
María Piñeiro-Lamas ◽  
Almudena Rodríguez-Fernández ◽  
Ernesto Smyth-Chamosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Two Samples

The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) was determined in 12- and 15-year-old schoolchildren to ascertain the prevalence of malocclusion and to assess its association with dental caries experience, dental plaque accumulation, and socio-demographic variables. We performed a cross-sectional study with a stratified two-stage sampling design. An oral health survey and oral examination were conducted, and socio-demographic data were recorded. The sample comprised 1453 schoolchildren aged 12 (868) and 15 (585). These two samples were analyzed separately because statistically significant differences were found: the 12-year-old age group displayed a higher frequency of schoolchildren who attended state-run public schools (p = 0.004) and belonged to a lower social class (p = 0.001); the 15-year-old age group registered higher levels of caries (p = 0.001) and lower levels of dental plaque (p < 0.001). The malocclusion was 9.5% higher (p = 0.001), and the global mean DAI score was likewise higher among the 12-year-olds (p < 0.001). The multivariate regression analysis not only showed that caries and dental plaque were the variables that were the most strongly associated with malocclusion, but that caries (OR = 1.5) and dental plaque (OR > 2) were also risk factors for malocclusion in both groups. In conclusion, this study revealed a higher prevalence of malocclusion and dental plaque at age 12. A higher risk of caries and dental plaque was found to be related to the presence of malocclusion in both age groups.

scholarly journals Study reasons and motives women tend to Rhinoplasty in Ardabil city

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1014
Author(s):  
Anahita Zakeri ◽  
Firouz Amani ◽  
Roghayeh Aslanian ◽  
Vahid Abbasi ◽  
Habib Ojaghi
Keyword(s):  
Cosmetic Surgery ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Background: Cosmetic surgery known as prevalent surgeries in the world that annually thousands of people are undergoing cosmetic surgery to change their appearance. Each year more than 200000 cosmetic surgery have been done on patients 18 years and low and about 390000 of them included surgeries such as breast, cosmetic, abdomen and nose. Iran in terms of plastic surgeries performed proportion to total population is located in the first rank of the world. Studies showed that social and mental factors have main role in doing these surgeries. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the reasons and motives women tend to Rhinoplasty in Ardabil city.Methods: This descriptive-cross sectional study has been done on 120 women 15-50 years referred to cosmetic surgery clinics and centers. Samples selected randomly from centers which doing Rhinoplasty and data collected by a research base questionnaire including information about demographic data, causes and motive of women tend to Rhinoplasty.Results: Most of women were in the age group 15-20 (39.1%). 56.7% of women were married and 45% were housekeeper. 15% of women have history of psychological diseases and 58.3% have history of doing surgery in their family.Conclusions: Results showed that self confidence known as important factor in Rhinoplasty. Personality characteristics, social conditions and environmental factors play an important role in women tend to cosmetic surgery. So, we need doing studies in big samples for recognize the dimensions of effective factors in doing Rhinoplasty among women.

scholarly journals Prevalence and clinical characteristics of otitis externa among patients attending Otorhinolaryngology Department at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 826
Author(s):  
Zephania Saitabau Abraham ◽  
Onesmo Tarimo ◽  
Aveline Aloyce Kahinga ◽  
Daudi Ntunaguzi ◽  
Kassim Babu Mapondella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Muhimbili National Hospital ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Predominance

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Otitis externa is among the otological diseases with significant impact on the quality of life of sufferers. Little is known in Sub Saharan countries despite being the focus of such disease. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of otitis externa at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania’s largest tertiary hospital.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a hospital based descriptive cross sectional study where 1200 participants were recruited from June 2016 to January 2017. Data was analyzed using SPSS program version 20.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 1200 patients were recruited in this study and majority 601(50.1%) were females. Majority 672(56%) were in age group 0–10 years. Among 1200 patients, 138 (11.5%) were diagnosed to have otitis externa and male predominance (55.1%) was found. Majority 120 (87%) had diffuse otitis externa and with 0-10 years (25.83%) being the commonly affected age group by variant. The commonest risk factor was self-ear cleansing 87(53.7%) and only 2.9% were found to have complications of otitis externa.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Otitis externa was found to be prevalent and with male predominance. Self-ear cleansing was the commonest risk factor. Complications of otitis externa were found to be rare. Public awareness on otitis externa should be advocated in our country.</p>

scholarly journals Knowledge about emergency contraception among mothers attending OPD at a private medical college in Puducherry

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2262
Author(s):  
Neelima S. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Contraception ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: It is estimated that around 15.6 million abortions take place in India every year. There is significant variance in the estimates for the number of abortions reported and the total number of abortions taking place. Emergency contraception (EC) prevents an accidental pregnancy. It prevents a woman from having to go through the trauma of getting pregnant when she does not want to.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the knowledge of emergency contraception among women attending the gynecological outpatient department. A total of 280 married women were included in the study. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, which included questions on demographic variables, religion, education, knowledge and practices about EC.Results: Majority of the participants were in the age group of 20-25 years (122; 43.6%). Hinduism was the predominant religion followed by eighty five percent (n=238) of the women. Only 2.1% (n=6) of the women were uneducated while the rest had some form of schooling. Most of them belonged to the age group of 20-25 years (122; 43.6%). Majority of the participants (244; 87.1%) reported that they had never heard about EC. And only 4.3% have ever used EC.Conclusions: Despite EC being available for more than a decade in India, many women still have not heard of it. Although awareness is increasing it is essential to integrate information about EC in family welfare materials and developing new strategies to increase awareness and share information about EC.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of malaria in Pushparajgarh block of district Anuppur, Madhya Pradesh, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1221
Author(s):  
Manish Kumar Dwivedi ◽  
Sanjeev Bakshi ◽  
Birjhu Singh Shyam ◽  
Ravindra Shukla ◽  
Prashant Kumar Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Health Centers ◽  
District Hospital ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Health

Background: The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of malaria and its association with seasonality of malaria and socio-demographic variables in a tribal dominated district Anuppur (Madhya Pradesh).Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on blood films for malaria parasites (BFMP) data obtained from primary health centers, sub-health centers, community health centers and district hospital. This study was also based on household survey for information on malaria awareness and type of treatment preferred for malaria. From 2014-2016, a household survey was conducted regarding the type of treatment available, assessment of the influence of demographic factors, knowledge, awareness and education on malaria occurrence. Odds ratio were used to analyse the association between the gender, age group, season and types of malaria infection.Results: Annual blood examination rate (11.81%) and slide vivax rate (0.66%) was highest in 2016. There was decrease in slide falciparum rate in 2016 (1.52%). Slide positivity rate was 3.78%, 3.73% and 2.74% in the years 2014-16. Annual parasite incidence rate was 3.20%, 3.82% and 3.07% in the years 2014-16. Plasmodium falciparum positivity rate was 78.13%, 78.17% and 54.49% in the study years and was highest among the females and in the age group of 26 years and above. Distinct seasonality was observed correlating with population dynamics of the vector and climatic and socio-demographic conditions.Conclusions: The prevalence of malaria in tribal dominated Pushparajgarh area showed seasonality that was governed by mosquitogenic factors, their transmission and socio-demographic status of the population.

scholarly journals Commitment to protective measures during COVID-19 pandemic in Syria: a nationwide cross-sectional study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mosa Shibani ◽  
Mhd Amin Alzabibi ◽  
Abdul Fattah Mohandes ◽  
Humam Armashi ◽  
Tamim Alsuliman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
The World

Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 continues to impose itself on all populations of the world. Given the slow pace of vaccination in the developing world and the absence of effective treatments, adherence to precautionary infection control measures remains the best way to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic from spiraling out of control. In this study, we aim to evaluate the extent to which the Syrian population adheres to these measures and analyze the relationship between demographic variables and adherence. Methods This cross-sectional study took place in Syria between January 17 and March 17, 2021. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. The questionnaire was distributed in both electronic and printed versions. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS v.25. The chi-square test was used to address the correlation between adherence and demographic variables. Results Of the 10083 reached out, only (74.6%) responded. Of them, 4026 (53.5%) were women, 3984 (52.9%) were single, and 1908 (25.3%) had earned university degrees. 5286 (70.25) were classified as the good adherers to protective measures. Statistically significant differences across age, sex, marital status, financial status, employment, and educational attainment when correlated against commitment to preventive measures. Young age, female sex, good financial status, and having a full-time job and post-graduate education were positively correlated to the stronger commitment to preventive measures. Furthermore, those who believed that COVID-19 poses a major risk to them or society were more committed to preventive measures than those who did not. Conclusion The participants in this study generally showed a high level of adherence to the preventive measures compared to participants in other studies from around the world, with some concerns regarding risk perception and the sources of information they depend on. Public health and community education efforts should focus on maintaining, if not expanding, this level of commitment, which would mitigate the pandemic’s impact on Syrian society.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study on awareness, attitude and perception of COVID 19 among the people of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (41) ◽  
pp. 4297-4306
Author(s):  
Jerlin Priya Lovelin Auguskani ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The People ◽  
The World

Background/Objectives: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been accepted as a pandemic by the World Health Organization in the month of March 2020. Globally many efforts have been made to inhibit the spread of the disease through various strategies to create public awareness and changing personal behaviors. According to WHO report as on 2nd of October 2020, the mortality was 34,079,542 and morbidity rate of 1,015,963. In Saudi Arabia, there are 335,578 positive cases of coronavirus, 4,823 deaths and 320,348 recovered from illness. Keeping this in view, the present study was conducted to understand the level of awareness, attitude and perception regarding prevention and control of COVID 19 among people of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: Quantitative research approach was adopted with Cross sectional descriptive research design. Data was collected through the online semi structured questionnaire. The questionnaire has four sections including demographic variable, awareness, attitude and perception. The analysis is based on 301 respondents from 13 regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. Findings: COVID 19 outbreak threaten the life and wellbeing of people around the world. The study finding shows that the people of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia have adequate awareness in various component of corona virus with positive attitude and good practices with regard to disease spread. Also, majority of young people mentioned that they attained awareness from social media, whereas the other age group mentioned as MOH as the major source of information. Hence, constant public educational campaign with various sources have added advantage with present outcome. Novelty: While COVID 19 outbreak threaten the life and wellbeing of people around the world, it’s vital to constantly create awareness in cause, spread, treatment and prevention to control its impact further. Keywords: COVID 19; awareness; attitude; practice; Coronavirus

scholarly journals The Association between Violent Behavior, Academic Performance, and Physical Activity According to Gender in Scholars

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 4071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irwin Andrés Ramírez-Granizo ◽  
Félix Zurita-Ortega ◽  
José Luis Ubago-Jiménez ◽  
María Sánchez-Zafra
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Aggressive Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Violent Behaviors ◽  
The World ◽  
Points Of View

Background: Aggressive behaviors have increased in a worrying way all over the world, and this has been one more reason to be able to investigate what happens in schools. Its presence has been increasing in recent decades and, therefore, this issue has been approached from different points of view of society. The aim of this study was to analyze and establish the indices of aggressive behaviors and their possible association with gender, academic achievement, and the Physical Activity (PA) in schoolchildren aged 10–12 in Granada (Spain). Methods: Its design is descriptive and cross-sectional, the sample is 320 students, an ad-hoc questionnaire was used to establish socio-demographic variables, violent behavior (measured with the scale of violent behaviors), gender, academic performance, and PA. Results: The results showed that schoolchildren with higher levels of violent behaviors have been in the reactive and relational reactive manifest dimension, males are more assiduous to practice PA than females, and these were characterized by greater manifest and relational aggressiveness. However, they present higher average values in violent behaviors than they do if academic performance is taken into account. Conclusions: The main recommendation is the need to study, in greater depth, the active sports population in order to try to know the cause of these results.

scholarly journals Community-Based Screening for Infantile Anemia in an Okinawan Village, Japan

Anemia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomiko Hokama ◽  
Chiemi Yogi ◽  
Colin W. Binns ◽  
Andy H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Infancy is a vulnerable age group for anemia throughout the world. However, community-based screening for infantile anemia is seldom reported. This study determined the prevalence of anemia among infants in an Okinawan village from 2003 to 2008, in relation to secondary prevention of the condition. The prevalence among infants aged 3–5, 6–12 and 16–23 months was 12.3%, 15.8%, and 4.2%, respectively, based on cross-sectional surveys (n=3070), and was 11.0%, 17.2%, and 3.9% according to another retrospective cohort study (n=511). The relatively low prevalence of anemia at early childhood suggested that previous detection and treatment through early and late infantile screening had been successful.

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